The history of Pu 'er tea

1. The production of Pu 'er tea brick tea appeared in Guangxu period, and many tea-producing areas began to make brick tea. In the past, the bulk products handed over by tea farmers to Shanxi merchants were bulky, light and inconvenient to transport. The tea leaves had to be packed in bamboo baskets and pressed before being transported, and the cost was quite high. In order to meet the requirements of tea merchants, brick tea production appeared. The earliest tea brick appeared in the early years of Guangxu, and the pressing method was extremely naive and simple, generally manual pressing. After Guangxu four years (1878), Shanxi merchants gradually used hydraulic presses and steam engines to process brick tea. The preparation method of that brick tea is simple, effective and easy to operate. It can be said that the advanced western industrial technology first appeared in China because of the tea trade. As a historical record, tea brick truly shows the historical features of China's foreign trade in Qing Dynasty and the development and evolution of modern science and technology in China.

2. The history of brick tea, the historical brick tea in jingyangfucha, also known as autoclaved tea (commonly known as selling edge tea), is a kind of tea with the same shape as brick, and it is also a representative pressed tea, which is made of tea leaves, tea stems and sometimes tea powder.

Produced in China, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan and other regions. It is a commodity created by the Han people and exchanged for the northwest nationalities in the tea-horse trade.

It is loved by the people in northwest China, even Central Asia and Russia, and has become a necessity in life. Brick tea is a semi-finished product made of all kinds of raw tea by drying, screening, fanning, cutting and grinding. Brick tea is produced in China, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan and other regions.

It is a commodity created by the Han people and exchanged for the northwest nationalities in the tea-horse trade. It is loved by the people in northwest China, even Central Asia and Russia, and has become a necessity in life.

Square bricks or other types of tea blocks. Brick tea is a crown fungus of ascomycetes (commonly known as "golden flower"), which is produced from high-quality black tea or sun-cured green tea. Its soup is like amber, with mellow taste, pure aroma and unique floral fragrance. Drinking brick tea for a long time can help digestion, effectively promote the regulation of human metabolism, and play a certain role in health care and pathological prevention.

Therefore, in the northwest of China, there is a saying that "if you don't eat for three days, you'd better not drink tea for one day". Brick tea, together with milk and meat, has become a necessity for people of all ethnic groups in northwest China.

Fuzhuan tea is a kind of tea processing product invented by Shaanxi tea merchants, which has a history of more than 600 years. Fuzhuan tea is an important high-value product in the embryonic stage of commercial civilization in China. Large-scale handmade tea products are the most important trade materials on the Silk Road, and also the financial pillar of military and political expenditures in the western and northern frontiers.

Fuzhuan tea is a great contribution of Shaanxi tea merchants to China tea industry and commercial civilization, and Fuzhuan tea has created the commercial foundation of Qin merchants and merchants in the western regions. Yangloudong Ancient Town in chibi city, Hubei Province is the hometown of brick tea in China and the source of the ancient tea-horse road. Chibi city Yangloudong tea production began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Brick tea production has a long history.

The Lei family in Yangloudong ancient town has been making brick tea for generations. Lei Zhongwan, a merchant of Yangloudong, opened Yangloudong Tea House in the first year of Qing Qianlong (1736), and later renamed it Dongzhuang Tea House. The tea shop is located in the most prosperous area of Miaochang Street in Guzhen, Yang Lou, and the factory building is located 60 meters below Guanyin Spring. It is made of Yang Lou Cave Tea and Guanyin Spring.

Because Guanyin Bodhisattva rode on the lotus, brick tea has been produced for more than 200 years, and it is said that "the source of brick tea is Bainiandong Village". Ancient poetry: Gu Xiang bluestone, sheep house bluestone, wooden house in a hundred-year cave village in autumn, cultivated for thousands of years, and washed with the charm of Guanyin Spring.

It is the history of the famous Guanyin Spring and Dongzhuang Brick Tea in Yang Lou Cave. 2 Production method Editor Brick tea is mainly made of black tea and autoclaved at high temperature and high pressure, such as compact tea and small square brick tea produced in Yunnan; Kang brick tea is produced in Sichuan; Green brick tea (also known as cave tea) produced in Hubei, black brick tea, Fuzhuan brick tea and flower brick tea produced in Hunan.

There is also red brick tea made of black tea, commonly known as rice brick tea. Raw brick tea must be stored in a clean, moisture-proof and odor-free warehouse.

The storage environment must be protected from sunlight. Don't mix it with toxic, harmful, odorous and easily polluted items.

For the raw brick tea preserved for many years, if you don't drink it immediately, you should keep its outer paper and bamboo shell to protect its smell. [1] All brick teas are autoclaved, but the molding methods are different.

Such as black brick, tile, brick, blue brick, rice brick tea, etc., are pressed and formed by machines; Kang brick tea is shaped by hammering with a stick. In the pressing process of brick tea, steaming is a unique process in brick tea pressing, and there is also a special process, that is, yellow mold grows on it, commonly known as "golden flower"

Fuzhuan brick tea is mostly top-grade with golden mold flowers, and the more mold flowers, the better the quality. 3 Related story editors Brick tea is rare in the mainland, mainly for frontier ethnic groups.

There is a passage in Tang Shi that says "If you are addicted to cheese, you won't get sick if you drink tea". Because they eat more meat and milk, naturally, "a day without food is better than a day without tea", and brick tea has become a necessity in their lives.

Brick tea originated in the Taihe period of the Tang Dynasty. It is a necessity for ethnic residents in northwest China such as Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, * * *, Ningxia and Gansu, and is also deeply loved by Japan, Russia, Britain, Malaysia and other countries and regions. Because the ethnic minorities in the frontier eat more meat and milk food and less vegetables, drinking tea can not only help digestion and relieve boredom, but also supplement various vitamins and trace elements needed by the human body. Therefore, there is a saying that "a day without food is better than a day without tea", and brick tea has become a necessity in their lives.

For hundreds of years, brick tea, with its unique and irreplaceable function and efficacy, has become a necessity for people of all ethnic groups in northwest China, and is known as "the mysterious tea on the ancient Silk Road in China and the tea of life for ethnic minorities in northwest China". Therefore, brick tea produced in China over the years is mainly sold while selling.

Since 1992, the state has established a national reserve system, which stipulates the reserve varieties of raw materials and finished products for edge-selling tea. It is stipulated that the reserve of raw materials for edge-selling tea shall be entrusted by the designated production enterprise in the producing area, and the reserve of finished products for edge-selling tea shall be entrusted by the main company of the supply and marketing cooperative in the selling area, and the funds needed for the reserve shall be applied for loans from the local bank by the entrusted storage unit.

In order to organize the production of edge-selling tea in a planned way, the state has established a production base for edge-selling tea and implemented designated enterprises to organize production. In order to ensure the quantity and quality of tea sold at the same time.

According to the market situation, the state timely adjusts the prices of raw materials and finished products of edge-selling tea, and formulates the guiding prices of edge-selling tea. Since the opening of the market, although the state has gradually liberalized the special management of selling tea, the selling price of selling tea has not changed much for more than 20 years, and it is basically guaranteed after processing and packaging.

Since 2004, the distribution of brick tea has been gradually liberalized. In addition to supply and marketing cooperatives, manufacturers also began to sell directly in the local area. However, the "care" policy of the state and local governments for brick tea has not changed.

For example, Inner Mongolia gives financing policy support to Inner Mongolia Supply and Marketing Cooperative, which is in charge of brick tea business, to ensure the supply of brick tea in the whole region. There are six basic teas in China, including scented tea, instant tea, teabag and so on, all of which are reprocessed on the basis of the six teas. Tile, tile, blue brick, blue brick, etc.

3. Is there a difference between Pu 'er tea and brick tea? Brick tea is a processing technology, and Pu 'er tea is a kind of tea.

Brick tea, also known as autoclaved tea (commonly known as selling edge tea), as its name implies, is a kind of tea with the same shape as brick. It is also a representative pressed tea, made of tea leaves, tea stems, and sometimes tea powder is added. Brick tea can be divided into black brick tea, flower brick tea, Fuzhuan brick tea, rice brick tea, blue brick tea, brick tea and so on according to the different raw materials and production techniques.

All brick teas are autoclaved, but the molding methods are different. For example, black brick, tile, brick, blue brick and rice brick tea are all formed by machine, while brick tea is formed by hammer.

[Brick tea] Porcelain is made of tea leaves, tea stems and sometimes tea powder. Autoclaved tea is a semi-finished product made of all kinds of crude tea through screening, fanning, cutting and grinding. And then autoclaved at high temperature to form brick-shaped or other types of tea pieces.

Brick tea is made of high-quality black tea through fermentation and flowering. Its soup is like amber, with mellow taste, pure aroma and unique floral fragrance. Drinking brick tea for a long time can help digestion, effectively promote the regulation of human metabolism, and play a certain role in health care and pathological prevention. Therefore, in the northwest of China, there is a saying that "if you don't eat for three days, you'd better not drink tea for one day".

For hundreds of years, brick tea, with its unique and irreplaceable function and efficacy, has become a necessity for people of all ethnic groups in northwest China, and is known as "the mysterious tea on the ancient Silk Road in China and the tea of life for ethnic minorities in northwest China".

4. "History of Fucha" After the Tang Dynasty, tea was controlled by the government, stored in the local national treasury, and exchanged horses, which was called "official tea"; Tea merchants who sell tea from the place of origin to Tea and Horse Department have to pay taxes and obtain a certificate, which is called "please report". Each "citation" stipulates that you can sell 100 Jin of tea and hand it over to 200 yuan; Those who fail to "quote" are called "abnormal zero" and will be posted separately. Private tea is defined as "private tea" if there is no "citation" and the tea citation is not equal. At that time, in order to encourage tea merchants to traffic in tea, the imperial court rewarded tea merchants after each delivery in Tea and Horse Department. As a reward, we will introduce 700 Jin of tea, 560 Jin of tea and 420 Jin of tea, and sell or change horses ourselves. Therefore, this kind of reward is attached to the tea (that is, the tea sent), which is called "attached tea". Later, when the homophonic word "Fu" was used instead of the word "Fu", "Fu Tea" appeared.

Brands such as Ma Hesheng, Tiantaiquan, Taihe City, and Renfu Brick Tea, which were successively produced in the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years, were favored by consumers in the western regions. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the expansion of centralized public-private partnership, Xianyang has finally become the largest tea distribution center and processing place in China. Until 1958, due to "processing Fuzhuan tea in Shaanxi, there is secondary transportation of raw materials, which does not conform to the principle of fast, good and economical", the central government ordered the closure of Xianyang People's Fuzhuan Tea Factory in Shaanxi, which is a large-scale tea processing enterprise formed after public-private partnership [1]. 1953 In March, through the efforts of scientific researchers, Hunan Anhua Brick Tea Factory successfully trial-produced Fuzhuan Brick Tea. From 65438 to 0959, Hunan Baishaxi Tea Factory (formerly Anhua Brick Tea Factory) switched to mechanical pressing and began to produce a large number of bricks. 1970, according to the unified arrangement of * *, "Fu Brick" was changed to be produced by Hunan Yiyang Tea Factory.

Black tea is one of the six basic teas and belongs to post-fermented tea. It can be aged slowly and mellow over time, which is helpful for digestion, weight loss and supplementation of vitamins and trace elements. Black tea is always associated with the name of selling edge tea, because most black tea is sold to the northwest and southwest markets, and the drinkers are mainly ethnic minorities in the border areas. They eat high-fat foods such as beef, mutton and cheese, and lack high vitamins and trace elements such as vegetables and fruits. Among black tea, Fu tea, Tibetan tea and Pu 'er tea have always been mainly sold in border areas, so they are also called edge-selling tea. However, the most obvious feature of Fu tea is that it is sold on the side, and it is known as "mysterious tea on the Silk Road", which is little known in the mainland.

As the precious son of black tea, the most striking feature of Fu Cha tea lies in its "golden flower" composition. The so-called "golden flower" is a special process in raw material processing. A kind of Aspergillus coronatus substance called "Ascomycetes coronatus" is cultivated in the brick of black tea, commonly known as golden flower. There is a faint scent of yellow flowers in the dry scent of golden flowers, and when this fungus Fuzhuan tea, which is unique to golden flowers, is soaked and drunk, the floral fragrance will be integrated into the tea soup, becoming more mellow and slightly astringent, pure but not coarse, and has a rich taste. Of course, golden flower can also effectively promote and regulate metabolism, and play a role in health care and pathological prevention. Because its efficacy is like Smilax glabra, and its taste is special, it is named after the word "Poria". Some people mistakenly think that there is Poria in upside-down tea, but it is actually the mushroom fragrance of Jinhua and its unique pharmacological effects.

5. The history of Pu 'er tea (pǔchár chá) In Yunnan, the origin of Pu 'er tea, there is a saying that "grandfather's tea is sold by grandson".

Pu 'er tea is made from fresh leaves of Yunnan big leaf species, and its appearance is thick and fat. Pu 'er cooked tea is moist or brownish red in color and mellow and sweet in taste. It has a unique old fragrance and has the reputation of "slimming tea" and "beauty tea". -Pu 'er tea is a famous local tea unique to Yunnan.

It consists of two series: green tea with large leaves and its reprocessing: raw tea which is directly reprocessed into finished products and cooked tea which is reprocessed after artificial rapid fermentation, as well as loose tea and pressed tea shapes; After the finished product, the natural aging process is continued, which has the unique quality that the older it is, the more fragrant it is. Latin tea variety. Asamika (mast. ) Kitamura.

Pu 'er tea has the effects of warming stomach, reducing weight, reducing blood fat, preventing arteriosclerosis, preventing coronary heart disease, lowering blood pressure, resisting aging, resisting cancer, lowering blood sugar and relieving alcoholism. Pu 'er tea has the highest content of tea polyphenols in all teas. Tea polyphenols have been studied to beautify the skin, increase the antioxidant level of the skin, and directly absorb ultraviolet rays, which is an effective protective agent for the skin. Tea polyphenols contain a large number of hydrophilic groups, which can easily absorb moisture in the air and maintain the moisture content of the skin.

Tea polyphenols can also whiten skin and eliminate skin spots. Pu 'er origin Pu 'er is mainly produced in Menghai, Mengla, Simao, Gengma, Cangyuan, Shuangjiang, Lincang, Yuanjiang, Jingdong, Dali, Pingbian, Hekou, Maguan, Malipo, Wenshan, Xichou, Guangnan and Xishuangbanna, followed by Panxian, Rongjiang, Fusui, Zhaoping, Nanjing, Fujian and Ru Ping, Guangdong.

Born in subtropical and tropical mountain forests at an altitude of 1200~ 1400 meters. It is also distributed in northern Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and India.

Rare species. Wild tea trees (including cultivated wild tea trees), also known as Pu 'er tea, are distributed in southern Yunnan and Hainan.

Among them, there is a "Tea Tree King" in Yunnan, which is over 1.800 years old, and it is a big plant at present. Although local measures have been taken to protect it, the plant is still disturbed by human beings, and it will be destroyed to death if management and protection are not strengthened. With the increase of population, the natural forests in Hainan have decreased sharply. At the same time, there are many people going up the mountain to collect wild tea before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day every year, and the number of wild tea trees is also decreasing.

Historical Origin Tea-horse Ancient Road During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were five "Tea-horse Ancient Roads" radiating from Pu 'er at home and abroad: Tea-horse Avenue transited from Pu 'er to mainland provinces and Beijing via Kunming; Jiang Lai Tea Ceremony crossed the river from Pu 'er to Laizhou, Vietnam, and then transported to * * * and Europe. In the dry season, the tea ceremony crossed the Lancang River from Pu 'er via Simao Nuozha, and then left Myanmar in Menglian.

Mengla tea ceremony passes through Mengla from Pu 'er, and then it is sold to all parts of northern Laos or out of Nanyang. JD.COM Tea Ceremony originated from Pu 'er, Jinghong, Menghai and Rhoda in Myanmar. At present, there are still many complete sites of ancient tea-horse roads in Yunnan, such as Qiyi Street in Old Town of Lijiang, Lushi Town in Lincang and Peacock Ping in Ninger County.

The ancient tea-horse road has made Pu 'er tea sell well in all provinces and regions of China, and exported to Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, France, Britain, North Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and other countries and regions, enjoying a high reputation internationally. Yunnan is the birthplace of tea trees in the world. The roots of all kinds of tea in China and other parts of the world are all in the Pu 'er tea producing area in Yunnan.

Pu 'er tea has a very long history. According to the earliest written record-Huayang Guozhi in Changqu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, as early as 3,000 years ago, Pu people, the ancestors of Yunnan tea planting, had offered tea to Zhou Wuwang, but there was no such name as Pu 'er tea at that time. The name of Pu 'er tea was first named in the Middle Ages, which originated from national or geographical names.

In the Tang Dynasty, Pu 'er tea began to be planted and produced on a large scale, which was called "General Tea". During the Song and Ming Dynasties, the Central Plains gradually understood Pu 'er tea and began to play an important role in the country's society, economy and trade. In the Qing Dynasty, when Pu 'er tea reached its first peak, Zhi Heng in Yuhai, Yunnan Province said, "Popular tea is famous all over the world ... the tea mountain is 800 miles in Fiona Fang, and hundreds of thousands of people went into the mountains to make tea, which was bought by tea customers and transported everywhere"; Pu' er tea began to become the national gift of royal tribute tea and foreign envoys; Puyi, the last emperor, said in his palace that "Longjing is drunk in summer and Pu 'er is drunk in winter". ..... Ruan Fu, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, recorded that Pu 'er tea is famous all over the world, especially in Beijing.

In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the price of Pu 'er tea was the highest. Scholar Chai said in Brahma Record that "Pu 'er tea ... is warm and delicious, especially those who are produced in foreign countries and rely on the state, and its price is equal to gold. The tea taster said: The ratio of Pu 'er to Longjing, and the ratio of You Shaoling to Yuanming are all the same-that is to say, the price of good Pu 'er tea at that time was twice that of silver (or gold)! From the Republic of China to the Anti-Japanese War, Pu 'er tea developed to a certain extent, and many old-fashioned teas of this period still remained. Our taste is very good now, but because of the extremely high price, counterfeiters abound.

Between the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in modern times and the founding of New China, the whole tea industry in Yunnan was depressed; But for a long time after liberation, Yunnan tea production attached importance to black tea and green tea; Did not inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of Pu 'er tea; Even large-scale felling of ancient tea gardens that have been destroyed for hundreds of years, instead of planting asexual Taiwanese tea, the traditional technology of Qizi cake tea has been interrupted for nearly half a century; However, it is worth mentioning that in 1975, Yunnan began to produce Pu 'er cooked tea. In recent years, with the development of social economy and the improvement of living standards, Pu 'er tea has attracted people's attention for its powerful health care function and charming taste. The popularity spread from Nanyang Hong Kong and Taiwan to Guangdong, then back to Yunnan, and then quickly affected the whole country. As a result, there are many speculators who follow the trend, and fake and shoddy products appear from time to time; Mixed fish and dragons, floating clouds flying; During these three to five years, the heat was fierce and the cold was fierce.

Fortunately, during this period, the traditional technology of Pu 'er tea has been restored, and people's cognition of the value and quality of Pu 'er tea has become more and more rational. In March, 2003, Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Standards and Metrology announced the definition of Pu 'er tea: "Pu 'er tea is loose tea and pressed tea made of coarse tea dried by big leaves in a certain area of Yunnan Province. "

There are three definitions above: one is to plant large-leaf tea in a certain area of Yunnan Province; The second is the sun drying method; Thirdly, post-fermentation treatment. The feeling of Yunnan Pu 'er tea.

6. Are all the tea bricks Pu 'er? I didn't want to say it at first, but most people who answered these questions only knew one thing and didn't know another.

1, check online. When the Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Pu 'er Tea Research Institute of Xishuangbanna were established, you will know the maximum age range of this brick.

2, can accurately answer you, not to mention 30 years ago, that is, 10 years ago, "ancient tree tea" was not used to make brick tea. At that time, all kinds of tea planted in Yunnan were raw materials for Pu 'er tea, and the concept of ancient trees was only heated up in recent 2 or 3 years.

3. The older Pu 'er tea is, the more precious it is. There is a range. Not all Pu 'er tea is valuable because it is aged. It depends on the later transformation and storage.

Old packaging is a very popular method in recent years. The old and damaged packaging doesn't explain anything.

In the final analysis, you should still drink tea. Only by drinking it can it reflect its value. Tea is not an antique. If you don't drink it, it will just be a pile of leaves.