What kind of traditional culture does the 24 solar terms belong to?

It is reported that as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China could measure the length of the midday sun shadow with a soil gauge (a pole was erected on the plane) to determine the four solar terms of winter solstice, summer solstice, vernal equinox and autumnal equinox. 1 year, the shortest day at noon is the summer solstice, the longest day is the winter solstice, and the shadow length is the vernal equinox or autumnal equinox. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, the complete concept of the 24 solar terms had been formed. In ancient times, 1 year was divided into 12 months, and each month had two solar terms. The former is solar terms, while the latter is neutral. Later generations collectively referred to solar terms and neutral gas as solar terms. It can be seen from the naming of 24 solar terms that the division of solar terms fully considers the changes of natural phenomena such as seasons, climate and phenology. Among them, beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn, beginning of winter, vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice are used to reflect the seasons. The vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice are divided from an astronomical point of view, reflecting the turning point of solar height change. Beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter reflect the beginning of the four seasons. Five solar terms, such as slight summer heat, great summer heat, intense summer heat, slight cold and severe cold, reflect the change of temperature. The four solar terms of rain, Grain Rain, light snow and heavy snow reflect the phenomenon of precipitation, indicating the time and intensity of rainfall and snowfall. The three solar terms, White Dew, Cold Dew and First Frost, on the surface reflect the phenomenon of condensation of water vapor, but in essence reflect the process and degree of gradual temperature drop: when the temperature drops to a certain extent, water vapor condenses. The continuous drop in temperature not only increases condensation, but also gets colder and colder. When the temperature drops below zero degrees Celsius, water vapor condenses into frost. Xiaoman and awn seeds reflect the maturity and harvest of related crops; Frightening and Qingming reflect natural phenological phenomena, especially stinging, which indicates that spring will return with the recovery of early thunder in the sky and underground stinging insects. ★ The origin of the twenty-four solar terms originated in the Yellow River Basin. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, four solar terms were set, namely, mid-spring, mid-summer, mid-autumn and mid-winter. After continuous improvement and perfection, by the Qin and Han Dynasties, the 24 solar terms had been completely established. In BC 104, the taichu calendar written by Deng Ping officially set 24 solar terms in the calendar, and defined the astronomical position of the 24 solar terms. The time when the sun runs along the longitude of the Yellow River from zero 15 degrees is called "a solar term". It runs 360 degrees every year, and * * * experiences 24 solar terms, twice a month. Among them, the first solar term of each month is "solar term", that is, beginning of spring, Jingzhe, Qingming, Changxia, Mangzhong, Xiaoshu, beginning of autumn, Bailu, Hanlu, beginning of winter, Heavy Snow, Xiaohan, etc. 12 solar terms; The second solar term of each month is "Zhongqi", that is, there are 12 solar terms such as rain, vernal equinox, Grain Rain, Xiaoman, summer solstice, great heat, intense heat, autumnal equinox, first frost, light snow, winter solstice and great cold. "Solar term" and "neutral qi" appear alternately, each lasting 15 days. Now people have called "solar terms" and "neutral gas" solar terms. Twenty-four solar terms reflect the apparent movement of the sun in one year, so the dates of solar terms are basically fixed in the current Gregorian calendar, with the first half of the year being 6 days and 2 1, and the second half being 8 days and 23 days, with a difference of 1 ~ 2 days. Twenty-four solar terms are the original cultural heritage of working people in China, which can reflect the changes of seasons, guide agricultural activities and affect the food, clothing, housing and transportation of thousands of households. Since 2000, the main political activity center in China has been concentrated in the Yellow River Basin, and the 24 solar terms have been established on the basis of the climate and phenology in this area. Due to the vast territory and changeable terrain of China, the 24 solar terms are only a reference for many regions. ★ From the literal meaning of the twenty-four solar terms: beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter-representing the beginning of the four seasons respectively. "Stand" means to start. The Gregorian calendar is generally around February 4th, May 5th, August 7th and165438+1October 7th every year. Solstice in summer and Solstice in winter-this means that summer and winter have arrived. "To" means to arrive. Summer solstice and winter solstice are generally on June 2 1 day and February 22 12 of the Gregorian calendar every year. Autumnal equinox, autumnal equinox-means that day and night are equal in length. "Divide" is equal share. These two solar terms are generally around March 20 and September 23 of the Gregorian calendar every year. Rain-indicates that the precipitation begins and the rainfall gradually increases. It rains around February 18 in Gregorian calendar every year. Sting-the sudden movement of spring thunder woke the hibernating animals in the soil. At this time, the temperature rose rapidly, and the spring thunder gradually sprouted. Every year around March 5 of the Gregorian calendar is a shock. Qingming-includes the meaning of sunny weather, fresh air, gradually warming climate and lush vegetation. The Gregorian calendar is Qingming around April 5 every year. Grain Rain —— The increase of rainfall is very beneficial to the growth of cereal crops. Grain Rain is around April 20th of the Gregorian calendar every year. Xiaoman-refers to the summer crops with full seeds, but not yet mature, just small and not yet full. Every year on May 2 1 day of the Gregorian calendar, it is full. Crops with awns, such as awn seed wheat, mature and summer sowing begins. Around June 5 every year, it is a mango. Hot in summer, hot in summer, hot in summer-hot in summer means hot. The heat is not the hottest time, but the heat is the hottest season, and the heat is the day when summer is coming to an end. They are around July 7, July 23 and August 23 of the Gregorian calendar every year. White dew-the temperature began to drop, the weather turned cold, and there was dew on the vegetation in the morning. The Millennium is around September 7 of the Gregorian calendar every year. Cold dew-the temperature drops, there is condensation in the air, and there is a chill gradually. This day is usually on June 8 10 every year. The first frost-it's getting colder and colder, and it's frosting. The first frost usually occurs on the 23rd day of the Gregorian calendar 10 year 10. Light snow, heavy snow-it's starting to snow, with small and large indicating the degree of snowfall. Light snow falls on Gregorian calendar165438+1October 22nd, and heavy snow falls around 65438+February 7th. Slight cold, severe cold-the weather is getting colder and colder. Slight cold is not the coldest, but severe cold is the coldest time of the year. The Gregorian calendar 65438+1October 5th and 20th are mild and severe cold. ★ Why are there 24 solar terms? The twenty-four solar terms are divided according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic (that is, the orbit of the earth around the sun). Depending on the sun starting from the vernal equinox (longitude zero, at this moment the sun shines vertically on the equator), every advance of 15 degrees is a solar term; After a week's operation, I returned to the vernal equinox, which is a tropical year with 360 degrees, so it is divided into 24 solar terms. ★ Twenty-four solar terms Spring rain Song Jing Chun Qing Gu, summer is full and summer is hot, autumn is cold and frost is falling, winter is snowy, and winter is chilly. Twenty-four solar terms are traditional folk festivals in China. As early as the Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, the summer solstice, winter solstice, vernal equinox and autumn equinox were determined by measuring the sun shadow with soil gauge. Twenty-four solar terms mean dividing a year into twenty-four equal parts and giving each equal part a name. This is the origin of twenty-four solar terms. The names and order are: beginning of spring, Rain, Sting, Vernal Equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain, Changxia, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Xiaoxia, Daxia, beginning of autumn, Chushu, Bailu, Autumn Equinox, Cold Dew, First Frost, beginning of winter, Light Snow, Heavy Snow, Winter Solstice, Slight Cold and Severe Cold. Each solar term is about half a month apart and divided into twelve months. The beginning of the month is called the solar term, and the middle of the month is called "Zhongqi". The so-called "qi" refers to meteorology and climate. Twenty-four solar terms are closely related to season, temperature, precipitation and phenology. Beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter indicate the beginning of spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively, and the vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice are the turning points of the season. The five solar terms of slight summer heat, great summer heat, summer heat, slight cold and great cold are the hottest and coldest periods; White dew, cold dew and first frost indicate that there is water vapor condensation in the lower atmosphere; It also reflects the degree of temperature drop. Rain, Grain Rain, light snow and heavy snow reflect the situation and degree of precipitation; Spine, clear, small full and awn grass are the characteristics of reactant climate and crop growth. Twenty-four solar terms are the result of long-term observation, exploration and summary of astronomy, meteorology and climate by laborers in China. They are the unique great scientific and technological achievements of China laborers. They have extensive application value in agricultural activities in rural areas of China, and are generally more suitable for agricultural activities in the Yellow River basin. Beginning of spring: Standing is the beginning. Spring is stupid. The weather is getting warmer and warmer, and the vast land will show a scene of recovery. This spring has begun. Rain: It means that the climate is getting warmer, the ice and snow are melting, and the rain is increasing gradually. Sting: In spring, everything rings in Lei Zhen, and animals that hibernate in the ground begin to be unearthed. Vernal equinox: the vernal equinox is half, which is the midpoint of 90 days in spring. It is called vernal equinox, and this day is equal to day and night. Qingming: clean and clear. The climate is warm and the vegetation begins to sprout luxuriantly. Grain Rain: "Rain gives birth to hundreds of valleys". Since this day, rainfall has increased, which is conducive to grain growth. Changxia: Since long summer, crops will grow gradually in a warm climate. Xiaoman: Full fingers are full, and the seeds of summer sowing crops such as wheat are gradually full. Miscanthus: Miscanthus is also a busy species, and crops with awns such as wheat begin to mature and harvest, which is also the busiest season for planting crops in autumn. Summer Solstice: This is the right thing to do, and the shadow of this day is so short. This day is the longest day and the shortest night in the northern hemisphere, which indicates that summer is coming and the temperature will continue to rise. Summer: summer is hot, summer is hot but not hot enough. Great summer heat: it is unbearably hot, and it is the hottest season of the year. Beginning of autumn: The summer solstice is cool, and autumn begins. Autumn means that plants are about to mature, and then the temperature drops gradually. Summer heat: indicates the end, indicating that the summer heat will soon pass, and the summer heat will end on this day, and the temperature will gradually drop in most parts of China. White dew: At this time, due to the cold at night, the water vapor near the ground condenses into white dew on plants and other objects, which means that the weather turns cold. Equinox: This is the midpoint of 90 days in autumn. On this day, day and night are equal again. After this day, the days in the northern hemisphere get shorter and the nights get longer. Cold dew: The temperature continues to drop, the night is chilly, and the dew is cold, which means that the climate will gradually change from cold to cold. Beginning of winter: Winter is the end, that is to say, the crops should be harvested after harvest. Winter begins on this day. Xiaoxue: It began to snow in the north, but the amount of snow was still very small and not many times. Heavy snow: the snow will be small to large, the snowfall and days will increase compared with light snow, and there will be snow on the ground gradually. Solstice in winter: the sun shadow is the longest. On this day, the northern hemisphere has the shortest half-day and the longest night, and it began to enter the cold weather. Slight cold: cold air accumulates for a long time, and the weather is cold, but it has not reached the extreme. Great cold: The weather is extremely cold and freezing, which is the coldest season of the year. ★ Twenty-four solar terms and seven-character poems It takes one year for the earth to complete a circle around the sun. A year is divided into December, and the 24 solar terms are closely linked. According to the Gregorian calendar, these two gases will not change every month. The first half of the year is Saturday and Monday, and the second half is every eight days and every Wednesday. These are festivals, and the difference is only one or two days. In the twenty-fourth section, I remember the following formulas in my mind: a slight cold followed by a severe cold in January, and a rainy day in beginning of spring in February; The vernal equinox is in March and Qingming Grain Rain is in April. Long summer and full summer in May, full summer solstice in June; July is hot and slightly hot, and August is long summer, beginning of autumn; In September, the Millennium meets the autumnal equinox, and the first frost and cold dew are all in October; There is a light snow in 1 1 month in beginning of winter, and a heavy snow in winter solstice to welcome the New Year. Grasp the season and busy production, sow and harvest in time to ensure a bumper harvest. Beginning of spring refers to the northeast. The meridian of the sun is 3 15 degrees. It is the first of the 24 solar terms. It means to begin to enter the spring, "yang and thorns, everything is spring." After beginning of spring, everything is full of vitality, and the four seasons begin now. The rain bucket refers to the ring. The longitude of the sun is 330 degrees. At this time, the spring breeze blows all over, the ice and snow melt, the air is moist, and the rain is increasing, so it is called rain. People often say: "Spring blossoms, and rain is busy to send fertilizer." Stinging and stinging. The longitude of the sun is 345 degrees. This solar term means that after the beginning of spring, the weather will get warmer, the spring thunder will start to sound, and all kinds of hibernating animals that are dormant in the soil will wake up and start to move, so it is called a fright. During this period, the eggs laid by overwintering insects will also begin to hatch. Some parts of China have entered the spring ploughing season. As the saying goes, "After being shocked, it is warm and harmonious, and the old toad sings folk songs." "I was startled by a plow, and the vernal equinox was full of air." "Before the thunder comes, the rain is like a dragon." The vernal equinox refers to the ring. The yellow meridian of the sun is 0 degrees. The sun is above the equator at the vernal equinox. This is the 90-day vernal equinox of spring. On this day, the northern and southern hemispheres are equal in day and night, so it is called the vernal equinox. After this day, the direct position of the sun moves northward, and the days in the northern hemisphere are long and the nights are short. So the vernal equinox is the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere. Overwintering crops in most parts of China have entered the spring growth stage. Agricultural proverbs in various places include: "The spring equinox comes first, and rice competes for money" (Guangdong), "The spring equinox never stops raining, but the summer equinox never stops burning" (Sichuan), "When it rains, every family is busy, planting melons and beans first, then transplanting them" (Hubei), "Planting vegetables at the spring equinox, picking melons in summer" (Hunan) and "Planting beans at the spring equinox, and planting them at the autumn equinox. Qingming bucket refers to ding. The meridian of the sun is 15 degrees. At this time, the climate is refreshing and warm, flowers and trees grow new branches, everything begins to grow, and farmers are busy ploughing and planting in spring. Once upon a time, on this day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, some families would plant willows at the door and go for an outing to sweep the graves in the suburbs. This is an ancient custom. Grain Rain crossed his fingers. The meridian of the sun is 30 degrees. It means that rain breeds grain. Because rain nourishes the earth, grains can grow, so Grain Rain is "rain gives birth to hundreds of grains". As the saying goes, "Before and after Grain Rain, you reap what you sow". Long summer refers to the southeast. The yellow meridian of the sun is 45 degrees. Now it's long summer, and since then, everything has flourished. Traditionally, the long summer is regarded as an important solar term for the temperature to rise significantly, the summer heat is approaching, thunderstorms are increasing, and crops enter the peak season. Xiaoman nailed it. The longitude of the sun is 60 degrees. Since Xiaoman, summer crops such as barley and winter wheat have borne fruit and full seeds, but they are not yet mature, so they are called Xiaoman. The big dipper points to itself. The yellow meridian of the sun is 75 degrees. At this time, it is most suitable for sowing grain crops with awns, such as late rice, millet and millet. If you plant awns and crops after this time, it will not be ripe. At the same time, "awn" refers to crops with awns such as wheat and barley, and "species" refers to seeds. Awn seeds indicate the maturity of awned crops such as wheat. Before and after sowing, the rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Central China increased and the temperature rose. In the rainy season, the air is very humid, the weather is extremely sultry, and all kinds of utensils and clothes are prone to mildew, so it is called "Huangmeitian" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The summer solstice, the big dipper points to B. The yellow meridian of the sun is 90 degrees. When the sun is at the 90-degree "Summer Solstice Point" of the Huangjing, the sun is almost directly above the Tropic of Cancer, and the sun is the highest at noon. This day is the longest day and the shortest night in the northern hemisphere. From this day on, it entered the hot season, when everything in the world grew most vigorously. In ancient times, the heart also called this day the northern solstice, meaning the northernmost day when the sun was born. After the summer solstice, the sun gradually moves southward, and the days in the northern hemisphere become shorter and the nights become longer. What does a little heat mean? The longitude of the sun is 105 degrees. It's already very hot, but it's not hot enough, so it's called Xiaoshu. At this point, it is already around the beginning. Summer refers to C. the longitude of the sun 120 degrees. The summer heat is the hottest solar term in a year. Before and after the next day's duty, high temperature weather of 40℃ often appeared in many places in the Yangtze River Basin. Do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling. There is a lot of rain in this solar term, so we should pay attention to the flood control and waterlogging prevention in the proverb "little summer heat, big summer heat, drowning rats" Beginning of autumn Beidou is divided into the southwest. The longitude of the sun is 135 degrees. Autumn, spring flowers and autumn fruits mean that plants are maturing rapidly. From this day on, autumn began, the autumn was crisp, the moon was bright and the wind was clear. Since then, the temperature has gradually decreased from the hottest time. Summer, fighting refers to five. The longitude of the sun is 150 degrees. At this point, the heat has come to an end. The heat of summer is about to dissipate. This is the turning point of the temperature drop. It is a symbol of cold climate and indicates the end of summer. Millennium barrel refers to the devil. The longitude of the sun is 165 degrees. When the weather turns cold, the ground water vapor condenses the most. The autumnal equinox refers to oneself. The longitude of the sun is 180 degrees. On the day of the autumnal equinox, like spring people, the sun is almost direct to the equator, and day and night are almost equal. From this day on, the position of direct sunlight continued to move from the equator to the southern hemisphere, and the days became shorter and the nights became longer in the northern hemisphere. According to China's autumnal equinox theory, this day is exactly half of the ninety days in autumn, so it is called autumnal equinox. But in astronomy, it is stipulated that autumn in the northern hemisphere begins with the autumnal equinox. Cold dew nails. The longitude of the sun is 195 degrees. After the white dew, the weather turned cold and dew began to appear. When the dew is cold, there is much dew and the temperature is low. So some people say that cold is dew, white first and then cold, which means that the climate will gradually turn cold. Water vapor condenses into dew. The longitude of the sun at the first frost is 2 10 degrees. It's already cold, and there is frost, so it's called the first frost. The longitude of the sun in early winter is 225 degrees. Traditionally, our people think that this day is the beginning of winter. Winter, as the end, means that after a year of field work, crops will be harvested. After beginning of winter passes, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China will soon freeze, and farmers from all over China will gradually turn to farmland water conservancy infrastructure and other agricultural activities. The longitude of a light snow day is 240 degrees. The temperature dropped and it began to snow, but it was not the season of heavy snow, so it was called light snow. Before and after the light snow, it began to snow in the Yellow River basin (snowfall in the south is two solar terms later); In the north, it has entered the freezing season. The yellow meridian of the sun is 255 degrees in heavy snow. Before and after the heavy snow, there was gradually snow in the Yellow River basin. In the north, it's already the severe winter of "thousands of miles frozen, Wan Li snowing". The solar meridian from winter solstice is 270 degrees. On the solstice of winter, the sun shines almost directly on the tropic of Capricorn. Our northern hemisphere has the shortest day and the longest night, and it has begun to enter several cold days. Astronomy stipulates that this day is the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere. After the winter solstice, the direct sunlight gradually moved northward, and the days in the northern hemisphere gradually became longer. As the proverb goes, eating noodles on the solstice in winter will make the day longer. The yellow meridian is 285 degrees on a slight cold day. After the slight cold, it began to enter the cold season. Cold air is cold for a long time, and slight cold means that the weather is cold but not extreme. The yellow meridian is 300 degrees on a cold day. Great cold refers to extremely cold weather. Around the Great Cold is the coldest season of the year. The great cold is on March 9, as the saying goes: the cold is on March 9. After the severe cold, spring came and the weather became warm. At this point, the earth revolves around the sun once, ending a cycle. From the meaning of solar terms, we can know that the 24 solar terms can be divided into four categories, namely: (1) beginning of spring and vernal equinox; Long summer, summer solstice; Beginning of autumn, autumnal equinox; Beginning of winter and Solstice are eight solar terms. (2) There are five solar terms symbolizing temperature change: slight heat, great heat, intense heat, slight cold and severe cold. (3) There are seven solar terms reflecting precipitation: rain, Grain Rain, white dew, cold dew, first frost, light snow and heavy snow. (4) There are four solar terms reflecting phenological phenomena or agricultural activities: fright, Qingming, Xiaoman and Miscanthus. From the meaning of solar terms, we can know that the 24 solar terms can be divided into four categories, namely: (1) beginning of spring and vernal equinox; Long summer, summer solstice; Beginning of autumn, autumnal equinox; Beginning of winter and Solstice are eight solar terms. (2) There are five solar terms symbolizing temperature change: slight heat, great heat, intense heat, slight cold and severe cold. (3) There are seven solar terms reflecting precipitation: rain, Grain Rain, white dew, cold dew, first frost, light snow and heavy snow. (4) There are four solar terms reflecting phenological phenomena or agricultural activities: fright, Qingming, Xiaoman and Miscanthus. ★ There is no fixed method for farming in the Song Dynasty, and it depends on the solar terms. In early spring, the sun is turning and the rain is by the river. Frightened crows, the vernal equinox drops dry. Qingming is busy planting millet, and Grain Rain is busy farming. Long summer goose feathers live, birds come here. When the awn is planted, everyone is happy. On the solstice of summer, cotton can't be bought. The summer heat is not hot, but the summer heat is in the dog days. Beginning of autumn busy seats, summer knife sickle. The Millennium is about to cut land, and there is no field in the autumn equinox. Before the cold dew is cold, the frost has changed. Land is closed in early winter, and Xiaoxue River is closed. Snow became the moon in winter, and the winter solstice lasted for nine days. Slight cold busy comprador, great cold New Year. ★ Division of solar terms Some people think that the 24 solar terms are subordinate to the lunar calendar, but they are actually defined according to the solar calendar. That is, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic, a year is divided into 24 equal parts. That is to say, the ecliptic is divided into 24 equal parts, and each equal part accounts for 15℃ of the ecliptic. Because the time required for the sun to pass through each bisection is almost equal, the Gregorian calendar dates of the 24 solar terms are roughly the same: the first half of the year is around 6 and 2 1, and the second half is around 8 and 23. And there are two formulas: 621 in the first half of the year and 823 in the second half. In ancient times, solar terms were called "qi", and there were two qi in each month: the former was called "solar terms" and the latter was called "neutral qi". The monthly distribution of the 24 solar terms is shown in the following table, which is closely related to the arrangement of the lunar leap month. In the lunar calendar, beginning of spring is the first of the 24 solar terms. The names of the 24 solar terms are named according to the place pointed by Dougang and the natural climate and landscape at that time. The so-called fighting means that the three stars of the Big Dipper, Kuixing, Xingxing and Yuxing, point to different directions and positions with the movement of celestial bodies, and the positions they refer to are the months they represent. For example, the first month is cloudy, the spoon refers to yin at dusk, refers to yin at midnight, and refers to yin during the day; February is the base, the Beidou at dusk refers to the base, the balance at midnight refers to the base, the chief refers to the base during the day, and so on. ★ China, 24 solar terms, China-English comparison and time beginning of spring (1 solar terms), beginning of spring (1 solar terms), February 3, 4 and 5, rain (2 solar terms), February 18, 19 and 20, and the spring equinox of March 5, 6 and 7. Kloc-0/ Long summer, early summer (seventh solar term $ TERM), dawn on May 5, 6 or 7, Bangkok, Shaofeng (eighth solar term $ TERM), May 20, Valley Shaofeng (ninth solar term $ TERM), summer solstice on June 5, 6 or 7 (th 10 solar term), June 2 1. On the 7th or 8th, there was a great heat (the end of the 65438+8th or 9th summer (14th solar term), the white dew on August 22nd, 23rd or 24th (15th solar term), and the autumn equinox on September 7th, 8th or 9th (16th solar term), and the cold dew on September 22nd, 23rd or 24th (/kloc S drops (18 solar term $ TERM)1beginning of winter on October 23 or 24 (19 solar term $ TERM) beginning of winter (19 solar term)1light snow on October 7 or 8 (20 solar terms) Kloc-0/8 solar terms)1February 6, 7 or 8 winter solstice (22 solar terms)1February 2 1 day, 22 or 23 slight cold (23 solar terms $ TERM) 1 great cold on February 5, 6 or 7.