What are the characteristics of the establishment and development of western democratic politics?

Ancient Greece: ① Monarchy (2000-12nd century BC): including Crete civilization and Mycenae civilization; ② The Dark Age (1 1 century-9th century BC): Homeric Age; ③ City-state government: The main types are aristocracy, democracy (the most popular of the two), monarchy, oligarchy and so on. Athens is the birthplace of democracy. Solon reform put the country on the track of democracy, and Cristini reform finally established democracy in Athens; Perikles brought Athenian democracy to the "golden age".

Democratic politics (and the humanistic thought of ancient Greece mentioned in compulsory 3) is not the whole of ancient Greece, or even the mainstream. Sparta, for example, is an authoritarian system. At the same time, when talking about the influence on later generations, we can also point out the historical fact that the democratic politics of ancient Greece was interrupted in Western Europe for more than 1000 years.

The political system is the product of the development of human society to a certain stage, which combines the essence and form of the country and is the sum of the country and the political power.

The most basic political system in ancient China was autocratic centralization with imperial power as the core, which lasted for more than two thousand years in the history of China and had a far-reaching impact on the history and social politics of China. The ancient western political system was represented by the democratic system of ancient Greece, the system of * * * and the system of heads of state of ancient Rome. The Athenian democracy in ancient Greece had its limitations in times and classes. Its citizens directly participate in the discussion of state affairs, and the result of taking turns to sit in the village is not always fair. Moreover, although Athens is democratic at home and abroad, especially the allies of the alliance, it is extremely cruel, there is no democracy at all, and the scope of citizens is shrinking. It prevented Athens from expanding itself politically to Zhang Zhilu. (1 1 century ~ 9th century BC): The decline of ancient Greek civilization: The ancient Greeks directly inherited and carried forward the ancient cultures of Egypt, Babylon and the Mediterranean coast, and reached its peak in a short time, but without strong centralized control, the Roman Empire soon split. With the demise of the Western Roman Empire, Europe entered a dark age.

The basic characteristics of {Western bourgeois representative system} are that citizens form representative organs by electing representatives, indirectly participate in and discuss state affairs, discuss and decide state affairs, and exercise state power. The emergence and development of representative system reflects the objective needs of the increasingly specialized social division of labor and the increasingly complicated state affairs. In modern society, no matter which ruling class practices democratic politics, it generally adopts the form of representative system. Just in a different way. The representative organ of a capitalist country is the legislature of the country, which independently exercises legislative power and checks and balances with the other two powers, namely, administrative power and judicial power. In the establishment of representative institutions, some capitalist countries implement bicameral system, while others implement unicameral system. The unicameral system of people's congresses in China is a socialist representative system. The people's congress is the organ of state power, and the state administrative organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs are all produced and authorized by the people's congress. Although there is a division of powers between the NPC and the administrative and judicial organs, it is not a bourgeois "separation of powers" relationship.