What is knowledge economy industry?

Prospect of technological innovation in emerging industries in the era of knowledge economy

Abstract: At the end of the 20th century, due to the progress of high technology, the focus of economic development shifted from production and sales to the so-called "knowledge economy". Major countries in the international community generally believe that the development of knowledge economy will affect the competitiveness of countries in the 2 1 century. Scholars have many different definitions of knowledge economy. In 1966, the United Nations Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development defined the knowledge economy as "an economy directly based on the production, distribution and use of knowledge and information". 」

Knowledge economy can become the mainstream of economic development in developed countries and has its development background. The revolutionary breakthrough of computer and communication technology in recent ten years has created conditions for the rapid development of knowledge economy. In addition, knowledge economy is based on knowledge and technology, with innovation as the main axis, emphasizing speed, which at least includes concept innovation, system innovation, market innovation, production technology innovation, service innovation and management innovation. Obviously, in the era of knowledge economy, it is difficult to develop industrial technology without innovation.

The continuous innovation of computer technology, information technology, communication technology, network technology, virtual technology and digital traditional industries is an indispensable means for the development of national economy. Knowledge economy will make the strong stronger and the weak weaker. Although its development provides favorable conditions for promoting economic growth, it will also bring negative effects to the country and society. For example, the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the difficulty for the disadvantaged groups to turn over, etc., will be inevitable phenomena.

In order to cope with the arrival of the era of knowledge economy, the development of the whole social structure and industrial environment must also be adjusted in terms of physical fitness to adapt to it. These adjustments include educational innovation, financial innovation, political reform, moral construction and legal reform. In the past, education and research were the main indicators of social progress; In the future, in the era of knowledge economy, how to maintain the guiding role of education in promoting social progress is a topic worthy of our attention and discussion.

Keywords: knowledge economy era; technical innovation

I. Introduction

1957, the Soviet Union and Russia launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, which successfully entered Earth orbit, greatly stimulating the United States. The "satellite shock" made the whole United States swear to catch up with the Soviet Union and Russia in the space science and technology competition. Sure enough, the United States sent the first astronauts to the moon before the end of 1960, and successfully sent astronauts back to earth, surpassing the Soviet Union in scientific and technological competition.

In the early 1960s, the American economist machlup first put forward the concept of "knowledge-based industry" (Xiaohu Li, 1998). Mahlup's concept of "knowledge industry" is mainly based on the development of American social production and the change of industrial structure since World War II, (1) education. (2) research and development; (3) communication industry; (4) information equipment; (5) Five fields, such as information service, are called "knowledge industries".

1996, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) first put forward the complete definition of "knowledge economy" as follows: "knowledge economy" is an economy based on the production, distribution and use of knowledge and information. At the same time, OECD also advocates that knowledge economy will soon change the global economic development pattern; Knowledge has become the main driving force of productivity improvement and economic growth. With the rapid development and high application of information and communication technology, the output, employment and investment of all countries in the world will obviously shift to knowledge-intensive industries (Economic and Social Committee of the Executive Yuan, 2000). Since then, knowledge economy has been highly valued by scholars and governments all over the world.

Second, the knowledge economy is based on innovation.

In the traditional concept, the meaning of "production" refers to economy, and land, capital and labor are the three elements of "production"; With the progress of the times and the development of industry, "production" can no longer meet the development of diversified economy and society, so "economic development" replaces "production" and instead discusses six elements, namely, six M's: money, machinery, materials, market, methods and manpower.

The so-called "knowledge economy" is an economy directly based on the stimulation, diffusion and application of knowledge and information. The ability and efficiency of creating and applying knowledge are above the traditional factors of production, such as land and capital, and become the driving force to support the continuous economic development (Economic Development Committee of the Executive Yuan, 2000). From traditional economy to knowledge economy, the focus has also shifted from labor to brain, from tangible to intangible, and from manufacturing orientation to marketing orientation. Hardware and software are combined, and leaders give consideration to both effect and efficiency. In the center of the knowledge economy system, intangible things become more and more important, and they create various values through innovation (Shi, 2000). As long as innovation continues, the economy will prosper (Gao Xijun, 2000). If prosperity is the fruit of innovation, then knowledge is the cause of innovation, and the production factors of knowledge economy are scientific and technological transformation, innovative thinking and entrepreneurial ability (Lin Chuiyu, 2000).

Therefore, knowledge economy can be said to be based on innovation. Innovation is a new thinking, a change, a risk, an original idea of seeking novelty, change and goodness. We should accept and tolerate both success and failure, and encourage innovation from "internal thinking" to "external thinking".

Third, the myth of knowledge economy.

Zhang Zhongmou, Chairman of TSMC, took the lead in putting forward "Eight Myths of Knowledge Economy" (Zhang Zhongmou, 200 1) before the great ship of knowledge economy set sail.

From the "knowledge industry" in11960 s to the "knowledge economy era", knowledge economy has long existed in the overall economic structure and industrial technology environment. Therefore, in the era of knowledge economy, the cultivation of human resources will be redefined, and using scientific and technological knowledge is more important than having "scientific and technological knowledge". Regardless of any industry, the application of technology really needs innovative and adventurous thinking, so as to turn knowledge into the true meaning of profit.

The construction of knowledge economy can not only promote economic growth, but also stabilize its niche. But it also needs the cooperation of politics, talents, legal system and social ethics, not only to provide social welfare, but also to establish complete policies and supporting measures. Therefore, as far as the rule of law is concerned, the speed of revision and addition of laws and regulations cannot be ignored.

In addition, in addition to discussing the reverse thinking about knowledge economy, we also consider the deeper social core values. People should do the opposite and deeply examine the essence of "knowledge economy" in order to avoid getting lost under the impact of "knowledge economy".

Fourth, the characteristics of knowledge economy.

The third industrial revolution has arrived, and knowledge economy will be an opportunity for industrial technology innovation and development in all countries of the world. Therefore, we must understand the characteristics of knowledge economy, so as to have excellent quality and competitive advantage in controlling and controlling knowledge economy. On the characteristics of knowledge economy, the integration is as follows: (Huang Fushun, 2000; Stone, 2000; Gao Xijun, 2000; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2000; Yuan, 1998)

(a) The knowledge economy is based on the use of knowledge.

Knowledge economy embodies our specific cognition of knowledge in economic growth and industrial development. The so-called "concrete cognition" means to emphasize the "application of knowledge" after transforming knowledge into profit, while the general view is called "knowledge economy" rather than "knowledge economy".

(B) Innovation is the essence of knowledge economy

Only through the application of knowledge can we have the ability of "innovation" and present the essence of knowledge economy. In the past, economic growth was completely dependent on labor, land, natural resources and capital. The core of the new economy will be the "innovative" thinking of the essence of knowledge economy, which will make the economic development move towards infinite development.

(3) Innovative human resources are the main conditions of knowledge economy.

In the labor-intensive era, our talent training is nothing more than focusing on training and familiarity with skills. However, in the face of the arrival of the era of knowledge economy, we will redefine talent training. The talents we want to cultivate are based on innovation, which is enough to become the main prerequisite for the development of knowledge economy.

(D) The speed of industrial technology research and development determines the competitiveness of enterprises.

R&D capability is the only way to upgrade industrial technology and the basic law of industrial survival. The so-called shopping malls are like battlefields, and the industry pays special attention to efficiency and effectiveness. Every minute can not be ignored. Therefore, in addition to R&D capabilities, the industry must also demand "speed" in R&D, so as to be able to innovate and seize business opportunities as soon as possible, otherwise it will not be able to gain a foothold in the era of knowledge economy.

(5) Knowledge economy is a diversified comprehensive economic system.

Some people say that the arrival of the era of knowledge economy means the decline of traditional industries, but it is not. The industrial structure of knowledge economy is a comprehensive and diverse economic system, which includes the combination of various enterprises and different industrial subjects, and develops a diversified comprehensive economic system with knowledge economy as the core.

(6) Emerging science and technology industries are the center of the sustainable development of knowledge economy.

In recent years, the rapid development of the Internet has changed our lives. The electronic information revolution has promoted the great progress of information and communication industry at the technical level and activated the whole related peripheral industries. Emerging science and technology industries, including electronics, motors, computers, communications, aerospace industry, e-commerce, etc., have become the driving force for the sustainable development of knowledge economy.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) promotes the emerging industries and technologies of knowledge economy.

(a) Emerging industries and technologies continue to grow.

In recent ten years, the manufacturing industry in Taiwan Province Province has been growing rapidly in technology-intensive industries, and the proportion of output value has increased from 24% in 1986 to 40.7% in 1988. Basic industries decreased from 35.6% to 35.8%, accounting for a stable proportion; Traditional industries dropped from 40.4% to 23.5%; Machinery industry 1989 ratio 1988 increased by about 2.88%; In the same period, the automation industry increased by 9.3%, the aerospace industry decreased by 16.7%, and the transportation industry decreased by 8%.

(b) Emerging industries and technologies to promote the knowledge economy

As for the industrial technology of electronic information technology, the government has formulated a complete R&D plan, which is divided into six fields: information (software and hardware), communication, telecommunications, consumer electronics, microelectronics and optoelectronics, and is jointly implemented by the Institute of Electronics, the Institute of Telecommunications, the Institute of Materials, the Metrology Center, China Telecom Research Institute, the Information Industry Council and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In addition, all academic research units in higher education also actively participate in related research and development work.

High-tech emerging industrial technologies such as computer technology, information technology, communication technology, network technology, virtual technology and digital technology have become the main driving force for the growth of knowledge economy.

(3) Industrial technology is developing towards high technology and high added value.

Looking back on the development of industrial technology in Taiwan Province Province, in just 20 years, it has transformed from light industry to science and technology industry, and its achievements have been widely affirmed. Among them, the computer information industry is strong, ranking third in the world for many years, and the semiconductor industry has become the fourth largest producer in the world. And there are more than ten products such as wafer foundry, notebook computers, monitors, hubs, hand-held scanners, motherboards and modems, which rank first in the world. The export of basic products and technology-intensive products accounted for 76.5% of the total export in 1987, while the output value of photoelectric industry 1988 increased by more than 40%. If the overall output value of communication equipment is used, it will increase by 29.2% compared with 1987. It shows that the industry in Taiwan Province Province has developed in the direction of high technology and high added value.

Sixth, the road to the development of knowledge economy

Observe the unprecedented achievements made by the American economy in the past decade, mainly including high growth of the national economy, low unemployment rate, low prices and fiscal deficit. Is created by the information revolution and technological innovation. At present, Taiwan Province Province has several advantages in developing knowledge economy (Economic Development Committee of the Executive Yuan, 2000; Chan kwong wing, 2000; Wang Gong, 2000), the main points are as follows:

(A) improve the emerging information industry and technology manufacturing system.

(B) Excellent talent quality has built a wealth of human resources.

(3) The capital market is abundant, rich and active.

(D) The people have a positive entrepreneurial spirit.

(e) Infrastructure has been put in place to develop a knowledge-based economy.

Although Taiwan Province Province has the above five advantages, there is still room for further development (Economic Development Committee of the Executive Yuan, 2000; Chan kwong wing, 2000; Wang Gong, 2000):

(A) the breadth of application of information technology and communication technology is not enough

(2) The speed of Internet, information and communication infrastructure needs to be enhanced.

(C) laws, regulations and administrative management can not cope with the changes in the era of knowledge economy

(d) Lack of cooperation between human training mechanism and industrial technology development.

(e) The proportion of knowledge-intensive industries in the production system is lower than that of advanced countries.

These five points point out that the government should play the role of locomotive in the development of knowledge-based economy, and it is extremely necessary to devote itself to the development of relevant infrastructure, laws and regulations and personnel training plans, so as to lay a solid foundation for the overall environment of Taiwan Province Province and contribute to the development of industry and scientific research and development. Lester. Thoreau put forward thirteen basic principles in the era of knowledge economy, which are worth thinking about, and their contents are summarized as shown in figure 1.

Thirteen basic principles are divided into three categories according to their main connotations. First of all, the principle of "internalization" includes: innovative systematic thinking, courage to challenge and take risks, forward-looking vision, entrepreneurship and grasping opportunities; Secondly, the principle of "other provinces" includes: making good use of development strategies, being prepared for danger in times of peace, strengthening organizations to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and attaching importance to career development; Third, the principle of "goal" includes: investing in basic research, respecting intellectual property rights, and the environment is also wealth.

The pyramid structure represents the strength and toughness of knowledge economy, so the pyramid is used to establish the rich mode of knowledge economy. Its solid foundation is solid, representing a diversified and all-round industrial base; The three-dimensional composition has changed from intangible to tangible, which is the main axis of knowledge economy innovation; The framework extends from bottom to top to build the prospect of knowledge economy; The connotation is to achieve the goal of getting rich in knowledge economy from the inside out.

Seven. conclusion

Informatization, networking, virtualization, digitalization and globalization are the basic characteristics of the knowledge economy era, and the related emerging industries and technology research and development are the mainstream of future scientific and technological development, and the first thing is human development and training. Through the planning of human resources, various reforms such as educational innovation, financial innovation, political reform, moral construction and legal reform are the primary tasks that must be coordinated in advance to move towards a knowledge economy.

In the era of knowledge economy, we need a macro vision and angle. The past experience deserves our reference and reflection, the present opportunity requires us to plan and manage the examination, and the future vision will be an opportunity for us to transform and enhance our competitiveness.