How to draw Chinese painting well

As a unique painting art originating from China, Chinese painting has been spread for thousands of years and has never declined. It is still loved by many people. Can cultivate sentiment, relax and enrich life. This is really an indispensable art ... a complete Chinese painting, including not only the main body of the painting, but also the withdrawal, sealing and so on. Therefore, the art of Chinese painting includes poetry, calligraphy, seal cutting and other art forms. Chinese painting is indeed an organic combination of various arts. Therefore, it is our responsibility to draw Chinese paintings well and carry forward the traditional culture of China. How can I draw Chinese paintings well? Let's study together. First, the choice of painting tools Chinese painting has special artistic requirements in the choice of painting tools because of its artistic expression characteristics. Whether you can choose a suitable painting tool directly affects the artistic level of a work. 1 Paper The paper used in Chinese painting is mainly Xuan paper, which can be divided into three categories: ① Shengxuan. This is a kind of paper without glue and alum. High permeability, high draft, easy to penetrate and dry, suitable for freehand brushwork. In health promotion, it is best to use the cleansing sheet to declare. Reprocessing on the clean sheet is called extra clean sheet, which is soft and smooth, especially easy to use, and can be used to draw pictures easily, looking at both lines and ink colors. 2 cooked publicity. Brush a layer of alum water on raw rice paper to make cooked rice. Alum is fixed, and the ink color is not moist on paper, which is suitable for meticulous painting. ③ Semi-cooked rice paper. It is made by adding a small amount of alum to raw rice paper. Suitable for painting half-time and half-freehand. In addition to rice paper, there are Korean paper, leather paper and hemp paper. Not very common, so I won't introduce it here. With so much paper, it seems that you really need to choose the paper that suits your painting characteristics. How can I tell the quality of paper? High-quality paper should have the following characteristics: loose but not loose, slippery but not slippery, moist but not dry, wet and dry layers are easy to fade, and light friction is harmless. According to the above characteristics, we can distinguish them by listening, touching, watching and trying. Listen, grab the corner and shake it. If the sound is dull, the paper is better. Touch, touch the paper with your hands, it feels better to be astringent. Look, for light, paper fibers are cloud-shaped, which is conducive to the spread of ink color and appears rich; Try, the most important thing. Test the penetration, whether the test marks can be retained, whether the ink color scale is rich and the ink color is bright, whether the test pen is smooth and not astringent, and so on. Pens can be divided into big, medium, small, long, short, fat and thin. Freehand brushwork mostly uses large and medium-sized pens. Rarely use a small pen. Meticulous painting often uses a small pen, which is easy to draw lines. There are three kinds of brushes: soft brush, hard brush and combined brush. They have their own characteristics, so that they can choose the right pen accurately. Soft wool, which contains a lot of water, is soft and round, and the ink color is easy to change from shade to dryness, so it can be freely written and expressive. Suitable for representing rigid lines, soft areas and changing surfaces in a circle. Not suitable for drawing squares and hard lines. This kind of pen is mainly made of wool. The famous Yang Haobi, produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, has a long history and exquisite craftsmanship, and has won the favor of painters at home and abroad. Bristle. Less moisture, tall and strong, sharp and elastic, suitable for square lines and hard lines. When painting, twists and turns, like calligraphy, all show skill. Strange rhyme can be seen in rubbings, rubbings, dyes and dots, and ink color can be seen in dry and wet shades. Suitable for painting branches and vines in landscapes, flowers and birds. The bristles are mainly wolf hairs, which are made of weasel tails. Double brush. It is a kind of rigid and flexible brush made of a mixture of soft and hard, with moderate hardness and both advantages. Baiyun pen is the most common one on the market, which is usually matched with wolf hair and wool. This kind of pen is used for sketching and stippling and is very popular with painters. The advantages and disadvantages of the pen are based on the pure color, neat pointed hair after opening the front, proper fat and thin, good elasticity, and especially good rebound and dispersion of the pen. When choosing, gently press the pen to make the pen not empty. Gently rub the nib open, the bristles should be neat, and the hairs at the nib should be arranged in a row. But everyone's habits and painting styles are different, and the requirements for pens are bound to be different. Therefore, the evaluation standard of a good pen is that it suits you and is easy to use. 3. Ink and ink are the factors directly related to the painting effect. In the past, ink was mainly block ink, which was smoked with lard or tung oil or rosin wood and made by hand grinding wells, glue and spices. Its shape is mainly long strip. Modern ink is mainly painting ink and ink paste. The original ink is heavy, gray and thick. The advantages of drawing ink are convenience, labor saving and time saving. The disadvantage is the lack of the thickest layer, and the glue is generally biased. Therefore, when splashing ink, the ink layer is thick and easy to paste, and the water permeability is not as good as that of the ink studied by block ink. 4. Besides the appearance, the advantages and disadvantages of inkstone are mainly stones, which are hard and generous, dark in color, good in ink making and difficult to store water. At present, the large inkstones on the market, which are round inside or round flat-bottomed basin-shaped ink sea, are very practical, cheap and suitable for beginners. 5. Mat for freehand brushwork is generally inseparable from the mat. It is best to use something that is slightly elastic but not excessive, non-absorbent, white or light. Felt is a good material. Beginners can use newspapers instead. The tools of Chinese painting include pitcher, palette, paperweight, seal and inkpad. But because these do not directly affect the artistic effect of painting, I won't go into details. Second, the application of brushwork in painting The most striking feature of Chinese painting is that it expresses the outline, light and shade and texture of objects based on ink lines, and at the same time, it can express the painter's thoughts and spirit through ink lines. The ink line of Chinese painting has its own independent aesthetic value. Therefore, how to use a pen in Chinese painting is the first problem that must be solved to draw Chinese painting well. China's painting and calligraphy are the same. The basic point is to hold the pen with your thumb and forefinger in a "longan" or "phoenix eye" shape, and the middle finger holds the pen along the forefinger. After holding the pen, the pen holder generally does not exceed the first knuckle of the index finger. Fingers are solid, palms are weak, wrists are flat, and five fingers are Qi Li, so it is natural to run and retract. Painting is more flexible than calligraphy, and everyone can choose. But beginners must master the basic essentials. The brushwork includes center, flank, hidden front, exposed front, reverse front and positive front. 1, the center is vertical, and the nib is in the center of the ink line. The lines drawn in the center are quite strong and smooth, and are often used to outline objects. 2. The palm of the pen tilts to the left, and the tip of the pen tilts to the left. Because the side pen is used, the pen line is thick and hairy, which is mostly used for rubbing. 3. Zang Feng's brush strokes should be hidden but not revealed, and "stand but not fall" and "stand but not fall", which the ancients called "twists and turns". The lines drawn are calm and subtle, and are often used to draw the outlines of houses, ships and bridges, as well as the outlines of rocks and the double hooks of tree trunks. 4, Feng Luyun pen Feng Lu makes the point color stand out, which is quite beautiful and healthy. Painting bamboo leaves and wicker is Lu Feng's stroke. 5. The pen holder leans forward, facing the front. When writing, the nib pushes against the trend, which makes the nib messy and produces white in the strokes. This kind of point and line is vigorous and spicy, which can be used for sketching and rubbing trunks and landscapes. 6. The forward stroke is the opposite of the reverse stroke, and the thumb is smooth, delicate and lively. This method is often used to hook the clouds and draw water. The above methods are commonly used brushstrokes and are widely used. Here are three taboos about using a pen. Han Chunquan's Complete Works of Mountains and Rivers in the Song Dynasty puts forward: "There are three diseases in using a pen: one is to say" board "; Second, the present; Three sections. " The so-called "board" means that there is no wrist strength, the pen is not flexible, and the drawn pen line is flat and flat, and there is no rounded three-dimensional sense; The so-called "engraving" means that the strokes are too exposed, even angular, unnatural and lifeless; The so-called "knot" means that when you put pen to paper, you can't do it if you want to, but when you don't separate, the pen line will not be smooth. These three points will make the beauty of lines lose. How to avoid it? It is best to practice writing. You can master the skill of using a pen through calligraphy. Pay attention to increase the strength of the wrist, so that the pen and hand can be integrated. Easy to write, easy to use force. Also pay attention to using a pen naturally. Although it is hard, it is "easy". Don't be artificial. Use a pen naturally. Third, how to practice painting Chinese painting? After choosing a painting tool and learning to use a pen, you should practice painting. Practice can be roughly divided into two steps: copying and sketching. Copying is copying paintings according to others, similar to calligraphy practice. It takes a long time to copy and accumulate a lot of experience and painting skills before it can be used in sketch practice. Sketching is a process of self-creation and self-painting by approaching life and through one's own aesthetic purport, and it is a higher-level exercise. Let's talk about copying first First of all, like choosing calligraphy books, you should choose some famous paintings that you like and suit your style. But don't choose those pictures that are too difficult. For beginners, it is more appropriate to buy some books such as Introduction to Chinese Painting compiled by painters. When practicing, I basically draw according to other people's composition and brushwork. But be careful not to copy blindly. When using posts, you should read, taste and ponder first. Look at how people compose pictures, how clever some brushwork is, where is the charm of painting, and so on. Think about returning it, and then write. Beginners can watch and draw, while painting, and constantly taste and experience the pen. At this time, you should use your head, eyes, heart and hands. When painting, you should find the feeling in your hand and understand the connotation of brushwork and pen mentioned above. After practicing for a period of time, you can read the copy and then write it silently. At this time, don't read the copy, compare and evaluate it after painting, find out the shortcomings and make improvements. This process is a process of self-exploration, in which you will gradually find skills and become your own things. The key is to use your head and heart. Only by repeated thinking and evaluation can we improve. Let's talk about sketching again. Copy to a certain extent, you can sketch. Sketch is to depict and create objective and real scenery and people. First, you need to choose the scenery. This is actually a very important step. We should choose the right scenery, the right angle and the right part according to our own aesthetic and artistic appreciation. Just like taking pictures, we should not only consider the light, but also consider the composition. The selected scenery should be hierarchical, clear-cut, harmonious and unified. The way to choose a composition can be to make a square with a wooden frame or finger frame, put the selected scenery in it, observe whether the taste is appropriate, and screen the objects to be painted. When painting, you should be patient, keep observing with your eyes, think with your brain and apply what you have learned. It should also be noted that sketch is not completely divorced from nature like a camera. According to the needs of painting, we can appropriately delete unnecessary scenes or add new scenes, or we can add needed objects to the scene before painting. But for beginners, it is mainly to exercise their ability to describe the scenery, and should try to keep the original appearance of the scenery until it reaches a certain level. Briefly describe the main points of copying and sketching. The key is to understand and summarize yourself in practice and find a plan that suits you, but it is very important to learn to consult the big book Life. Life is the source for us to know the world and create painting art. Although art is not equal to life, life is like air and water. Without it, artistic life will stop. If you are not close to life, just daydreaming, playing with pen and ink, and building a car behind closed doors, you can't make a real and touching work. In daily life, practice to find some good scenes and pictures, and record them in your mind to form material for convenient drawing in the future. It is necessary to practice looking at life from an artistic perspective, and apply the theories of composition and framing to life, so as to achieve perfection and continuous improvement. It seems that practicing Chinese painting can also make us happier! Fourth, the creation of Chinese painting People of different times and classes have different views on the artistic beauty of painting. Taking China's landscape painting as an example, it was gradually formed under the oppression of long-term feudal autocracy and the greed of ordinary literati. The painter wanted to get rid of reality and return to nature in order to gain spiritual freedom, so as to maintain spiritual purity, cultivate sentiment and relieve depression. It is also the reason why 1000 landscape painting has become the key content. Without art, it would be a desert of the soul. Art can inspire young people's infinite strength, arouse their pursuit of ideals and sublimate their spiritual world. In this process, the art of painting has improved people's ideological realm, beautified life and made people receive subtle education. Therefore, painting plays the following two roles: First, it gives people a pleasant aesthetic feeling and cultivates people's sentiment. The second is to give people education, so that people can live a noble and pure life and work hard. Therefore, we should also follow this idea when creating Chinese paintings. Secondly, we must also consider the following three issues. First, the works created should keep the flavor of the times. People of different times are influenced and restricted by the ideology and morality of different times, and show strong differences in aesthetic comprehension. Our works should show the image of life and country. The times are constantly developing, and only by constantly understanding the objective world can we create new works with the flavor of the times. Second, whether it can express a fresh artistic conception. Chinese painting does not seek light and shade and color contrast, but seeks charm, that is, whether it can express the aesthetic essence of Chinese painting. What is "meaning"? For Chinese painting, we often say: "It means writing first, and painting means it." "Meaning" refers to the painter's thoughts, feelings, ideas, meanings and ideals. "Environment" is the panorama of nature or life. It is not a plant, but a natural nature with flowing vitality. Expressing a fresh artistic conception is to highlight the charm! Third, we should show vivid pen and ink. Shi Tao said: "A painter is the figure of everything in the world. Why can you shape him without pen and ink? " It shows an important part of Chinese painting-pen and ink. Art is the unity of content and form. Content is the artistic conception expressed by the author, and the form is pen and ink. So it is very necessary to learn brushwork. I have done research before, so I won't go into details here. Grasping these points and your efforts, I believe you will eventually create excellent works. Chinese painting is profound and profound, and it is impossible to say it all in a few words. We only do simple learning here, and China culture needs us to spread. Let's work together and wish us an early success!