What are the main differences between subway, light rail and tram?

Subway, light rail and tram all belong to urban passenger rail transit. According to international practices and standards formulated by China, subway and light rail are listed as urban rapid rail transit systems, while trams belong to conventional public transportation. In addition, they have different speeds and different passenger capacities.

First of all, the subway

1, also known as Subway, English subway. In big cities, tunnels are mainly built underground, tracks are laid, and passengers are transported by electric trains, which is called subway for short.

2. Subway is mainly a transportation system consisting of lines, trains and stations. In addition, there are power supply, communication, signal, ventilation, lighting, drainage and other systems.

3. The subway line consists of subgrade and track. Track and railway track are basically the same. It generally uses heavy rails, mostly concrete ballast beds or gravel ballast beds. The gauge is generally 1435 mm standard gauge.

4. Lines are divided into underground lines, ground lines and overhead lines according to their positions. Underground line is the basic type; Ground wires are generally built in suburbs with fewer residents; Overhead lines are laid on steel or reinforced concrete viaducts to avoid grade crossing traffic with the ground and reduce land use.

5. Metro trains are all made of emus.

6. Subway stations are places where trains arrive and leave and passengers gather and distribute, and are generally built in distribution centers with large passenger flow. The subway carries 30,000-60,000 passengers per hour during one-way peak hours, carrying more than 300 passengers. It is called large-capacity urban passenger transport, with more than 6 groups in a row, with a length of1.20m..

7. Because the subway line is fully enclosed, the maximum speed is 80-100km, and the average speed is 70-90km.

Second, light rail.

65,438+0. Rail transit adopts medium-capacity carriages, which can adapt to the long-term one-way maximum peak hour passenger flow of1.5-30,000 passengers and become a light rail railway. If a large-capacity carriage is used, it can adapt to the long-term one-way peak hour passenger flow of 30,000-60,000 passengers, which is collectively called subway.

2. subways are built underground, above ground and elevated (for example, an elevated subway built on the ground can also be called rail transit); Light rail is also built underground, above ground and overhead.

3. The difference between them mainly depends on the one-way maximum peak hour passenger flow. For light rail vehicles with medium passenger capacity, the rated passenger capacity is generally 202 passengers/vehicle (224 passengers/vehicle is overcrowded), and the marshalling adopts 2-4 vehicles per train. Metro vehicles with large passenger capacity generally have a rated passenger capacity of 3 10 passengers/vehicle (4 10 passengers/vehicle for overcrowding), and each train is grouped into 6 vehicles.

4. Light rail is generally closed or mostly closed. The maximum speed of light rail is 70-80 kilometers per hour, and the average speed is 50-70 kilometers per hour.

Therefore, it is only a misunderstanding of laymen to distinguish subway and light rail by ground and underground. The distinction between subway and light rail is to define the meaning of subway and light rail according to its carrying capacity. Therefore, Batong Line belongs to the subway category, and 13 Line and Yizhuang Line belong to the light rail.

Third, trams.

1. Tram is a light rail vehicle driven by electricity and running on the track. One-way peak hour traffic volume is 5000-8000 people/time, the train length is10-20m, and 1-2 groups form a column, which is called small-volume urban passenger transport.

Trams are mixed on urban roads. When crossing the city roads, they are all in grade crossing, and the lines are not closed.

3. Trams have a maximum speed of 40-60 kilometers per hour and an average speed of 20-30 kilometers per hour.

4. The difference between modern trams and old trams is that it not only has bright modern appearance color, but also has light weight, high speed and air conditioning in the compartment.

The width of trams is usually limited by the capacity of urban roads. Tram is a practical and cheap choice for medium-sized cities.