Understand surveying and mapping instruments, the classification of surveying and mapping instruments, and what are the commonly used surveying and mapping instruments?

Surveying and mapping instrument 1: Theodolite is an instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.

It consists of a telescope, a horizontal dial, a vertical dial and a base.

Theodolite is widely used in control, terrain and construction stakeout measurements.

Surveying and mapping instrument 2: Level is an instrument used to measure the height difference between two points.

It consists of telescope, level (or compensator) and base.

Levels are widely used in measurement work such as control, terrain and construction stakeout.

Surveying and mapping instrument three: Flat-panel meter is the main instrument for manual ground surveying and mapping of large-scale topographic maps.

It consists of collimator, plate and bracket.

If an electromagnetic wave ranging device is added to the collimation instrument, the progress of surveying and mapping will be accelerated.

Surveying and mapping instrument 4: Electromagnetic wave distance meter is an instrument that uses electromagnetic waves to carry ranging signals to measure the distance between two points.

According to different measuring ranges, they can be divided into medium-range range finders and short-range range finders.

The electromagnetic wave rangefinder has the characteristics of small size, light weight and high accuracy.

Surveying and mapping instrument five: Total station. The total station is composed of an electronic theodolite, an electromagnetic range finder, a microcomputer, a program module, a memory and an automatic recording device. It is a multi-functional electronic measuring instrument that can quickly perform distance measurement, angle measurement, calculation, recording and other functions.

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The total station is suitable for engineering surveying and large-scale topographic surveying, speeding up the automation of ground surveying, and can also track and measure moving targets.

Surveying and mapping instrument 6: Gyro-theodolite is an instrument that combines a gyroscope and a theodolite to measure the true azimuth angle.

Gyroscope theodolite is mainly used for directional work in underground wire measurement in mines and tunnels.