Basic provisions on various payment instruments, settlement methods and accounting treatment methods

Introduction of domestic settlement methods of banks

It is of great significance for enterprises to choose a reasonable bank settlement method to speed up capital turnover, curb payment default, strengthen financial management and promote economic development. Various settlement methods have their own characteristics, pertinence and limitations, and the scope of use is also different. Here is a brief introduction to the commonly used settlement methods:

First, the variety introduction:

1, check

The cheque is issued by the issuing unit, and the issuing bank is the payer of the cheque, so the procedure is simple; There are cash checks, cash checks, transfer checks and ordinary checks, which can be transferred and cashed conveniently and flexibly, and are required to be used in the same city or the same bill exchange area. However, there may be some problems in cheque settlement, such as blank cheque, and the actual signature on the cheque is inconsistent with the reserved bank seal, which has certain risks.

Step 2 exchange

Remittance is a kind of settlement method that the remitter entrusts the bank to pay the money to the payee, and it is one of the main ways of payment and settlement between enterprises. It is universal and suitable for settlement in different places. At present, the bank has opened the deposit and withdrawal business of enterprises, handled the receipt and payment of funds in inter-agency RMB bank settlement accounts, and realized the immediate receipt of funds. .

3. Bank draft

As the payer, the issuing bank of bank draft has strong payment guarantee; Pay on behalf of the payer first, and then liquidate the funds; It is especially suitable for payment and settlement with uncertain transaction amount and purchase in different places. If you choose to settle by bank draft, on the one hand, you can avoid the risk of carrying a lot of cash with you, and on the other hand, you can avoid the risk of not getting the goods after settlement and payment.

4. Commercial paper

(1) Bank acceptance bills have a very powerful financing function. In the case of insufficient funds, the applicant for acceptance can obtain much-needed means of production by applying for bank acceptance and taking the credit of the accepting bank as payment guarantee; When the holder is in urgent need of production funds, he can either apply to the bank where the account is opened for discount or endorse the bill to the supplier; When banks providing discount loans are in urgent need of funds, they can apply to the central bank for rediscount or to other commercial banks for cash transfer; When the bill expires and the acceptance applicant cannot deposit the bill in full, the acceptance bank will transfer the insufficient part to its overdue loan account after paying the bill. It is a perfect combination of commercial credit and bank credit. If you choose the bank acceptance bill for settlement, you can reduce or even avoid the risks such as the goods have been sent out and it is difficult to receive the payment in full and on time. However, due to many circulation links, long payment cycle, difficult inquiry, easy to be copied and high risk. Settlement in different places in the same city can be done.

(2) A commercial acceptance bill is a commercial bill issued by the payer or payee and accepted by the payer. When the holder needs funds, he can apply for discount or transfer by endorsement. As the payer, the degree of payment guarantee depends on the credibility of the enterprise, and the difficulty of commercial banks and endorsees accepting bills also depends on the credibility of the acceptor. Generally speaking, its payment guarantee is not as high as bank acceptance bills. It can be used for transactions in the same city or in different places.

5. cashier's check

Like cash, a cashier's check is payable at sight. As the payer, the issuing bank has a high payment guarantee. Promissory notes are fixed and not fixed, so they can be used flexibly. If you choose cashier's check for settlement, you can avoid the risk of enterprise property being cheated because of issuing blank checks and checks with signatures inconsistent with the reserved bank seal; The disadvantage is that it is issued by a bank, and the procedure is more complicated than that of a check. Used in the same city.

6. Entrusted collection

The entrusted collection settlement method is suitable for paying off debts and collecting public utility fees. Handling entrusted collection business must have reliable and powerful collection basis, or both parties agree in advance. Belonging to commercial credit, the payment guarantee is relatively poor. Only used to settle the collection entrusted by the payee to the bank. Both in the same city and in different places can be settled.

7. Collection and acceptance

Collection and acceptance is a settlement method in which the goods are delivered first, then the bank is entrusted to collect money from the payer in different places, and the payer confirms the payment to the bank. To settle accounts in this way, the buyer and the seller must sign a purchase and sale contract and stipulate in the contract that the settlement shall be made by collection and acceptance. Payment is controversial. At present, it is only used by state-owned enterprises, supply and marketing cooperatives and urban and rural collective industrial enterprises with the approval of banks.

8. Domestic letter of credit

Domestic letter of credit settlement is applicable to the settlement of commodity transactions between domestic enterprises and cannot be used for the settlement of labor supply funds. Strong payment guarantee, paying a certain percentage of deposit when applying for opening a letter of credit, as long as the beneficiary abides by the terms of the letter of credit, the issuing bank must pay unconditionally; With financing function, the beneficiary can apply to the designated negotiating bank for negotiation when he needs funds before the expiration of the letter of credit; There are strict procedures through the bank, no endorsement and transfer, and few circulation links; Strong flexibility, after the letter of credit is issued, within the validity period of the letter of credit, with the change of purchase and sale activities, the applicant and beneficiary can negotiate to modify the established terms of the letter of credit; As a payment intermediary, the issuing bank is responsible for checking the documents with the terms of the opened letter of credit, which protects the interests of both parties. However, this settlement method requires high legality and standardization of freight documents, complicated procedures and high handling fees.