What kind of Tang Wenhua spirit does Li Bai's poems and songs reflect?

Li Bai's poems cover three spirits: heroic spirit, liberation spirit and humanistic spirit.

Heroic spirit

According to expert research, Li Bai usually wears a sword. Confucian scholars sit and talk about the Tao, which is academic, while chivalrous people should do things, practice their character, and make contributions to the country. This is the ideal of medieval sociologists.

Confucian scholars, immortals and chivalrous men are the three main identities of Li Bai, and they are also the source of his distinctive poetic style.

Ancient China was a literary era in which "literati literature" occupied the mainstream of culture, while modern was an era in which "popular literature" occupied the mainstream. Literati literature is full of praise and belief in human strength, and full of care and responsibility for the times and the world. Because scholars pay attention to spiritual cultivation, they are also very spiritual literature. However, many people's literature is to entertain themselves or each other or entertain him. It is consumption, relaxation, daily life, and the retreat of literature from the world and home country to the family, countryside or market or even the body.

Li Bai is conceited. Self-evaluation "pregnant with economic talents, anti-nesting; Writing can change the style of writing, learning can study heaven and man ","Wei Shui hunting can still learn from emperors ","A strong man is far-sighted and is determined to solve disputes under the sun ". Although many folk songs are used in Li Bai's poems, I think Li Bai's poems are essentially literati literature.

For example, Du Lu Pian, which has been difficult to solve, was originally an ancient Yuefu, describing the story of revenge for his father. Li Bai's pen is a declaration of heroism. "Only mud in the water, muddy water can't see the moon. It's okay to look at the moon and there are no pedestrians in the water. "This is about the darkness, depression and difficult dilemma in dreams." Birds fly from the south, and Hu Ying also flies from the north. I want to bow and shoot into the sky, but I regret that I have lost my way. Fallen leaves do not belong to trees, but fall with the wind. The guest has nothing to trust, and the sorrow is greater than the death of the heart. This is the protagonist's life dilemma. The curtain rolled up as if someone had pulled it open. The bright moon goes straight in, with no intention of guessing. "This is the yearning for the beautiful artistic conception of free and smooth life and the unity of monarch and minister. Compared with the first sentence, "the moon is invisible when the water is turbid", the "bright moon goes straight down" here is a kind of freedom. " The male sword hanging on the wall will always grow bright. Constant rhinoceros, rusty moss. How to become famous when the national humiliation is not over? Vultures dream, regardless of kites. Fight for the king for nine days. "There is a kind of heroism here. Sweep away the negative life dilemma, like a male sword eagle.

According to expert research, Li Bai usually wears a sword. Confucian scholars sit and talk about the Tao, which is academic, while chivalrous people should do things, practice their character, and make contributions to the country. This is the ideal of medieval sociologists. Throughout the great features of Li Bai's poems, they are basically the poems of literati, confidence in human strength, and extraordinary beauty through spiritual cultivation. "Qin out of the ancient city mansion, not praise clothes. You are not an uncle, but you are very different from me. "("Mocking Ru Ru ") In the feelings of Confucian scholars, Li Bai's chivalrous action is more beautiful, fresh, confident and powerful, which shows that China taxi has rediscovered itself from literature.

Therefore, as long as the later literati in China want to arouse their self-esteem and self-confidence, they will find the poet tradition of Xianweng and Chivalrous Man. Li Taibai's poems are literary symbols of literati's independence and lofty status, and they can come at the call and fight when they come.

This is related to the fact that the Tang Dynasty was the youth of China culture, and the literary tradition in China culture was rising and maturing. We say that the most unforgettable literary era in life is adolescence, which is the most lively and beautiful era with the least utility and the least burden. Li Bai's poems are the youth of heroes, the juvenile literature in literati literature, and the expression of youth and enthusiasm for life. He wrote "The Journey of a Teenager", which is really a heroic teenager walking on the road: "Jin Dong, a Wuling juvenile city, has a silver saddle and a white horse. Where did the falling flowers swim, laughing into the Huji wine shop. " It seems that we can still hear the poet's hearty laughter from his poems.

Moreover, youth is a dream season, and the yearning for beauty when you are young is an important source of heroism when you grow up. Li Bai's "Gulangyue Journey" is really well written: "I don't know the moon when I am young, so I call it Bai Yupan. I suspect it is Yao's platform, flying in the sky. Immortals hang down their feet, and osmanthus trees reunite. Why do laurel trees become round in January? The white rabbit is not an old panacea. Can you tell me who eats it? Toads eat the full moon, the moon, the moon is so dark, I don't know. After Yi shot down nine suns, the paradise on earth was clear and quiet. What's on your mind will ruin your heart. " The first eight sentences describe my wonderful childhood imagination, symbolizing my unforgettable childhood and innocent mind. The last eight sentences, writing about the eclipse, symbolize the destruction and disenchantment of the pure ideal and naive state, and the sadness over the demise of the beautiful ideal in the past is the reason for the poet's generous lament.

I have a feeling that Du Fu is crimson, or black in black and white, while Li Bai is either tri-colored in the Tang Dynasty or silvery white in the moonlight, which is extremely pure and bright. Because teenagers, there is light and music everywhere. Because teenagers are often poems of action. Wine and strength and the beauty of the sword.

Guan Shanyue: "The bright moon rises from the sky, in the infinite haze of the sea of clouds. Thousands of miles to the wind, blowing Yumenguan battlements. " It is stated that the moon has a sacred mission, from the sea of clouds in Tianshan Mountains to Yumenguan, to the land of the Central Plains, bringing light and beauty to the dark world. The bright moon is the self-symbol of poet Li Bai. Tianshan Mountain is the place where he was born. This poem is really a heroic ode. From it, we can hear a solemn tone of heroes and sages coming to the world.

Some modern intellectuals laughed at Li Bai, saying that he overreached himself and had no political talent, but he preferred political activities, so he was unlucky. Said he was an intellectual megalomaniac. In fact, this is mostly because modern intellectuals lack confidence and courage, so seeing Li Bai is not true, showing their smallness and mediocrity. The ancients said that a scholar should take instrument knowledge as the first priority. Scholar literature must first have an atmosphere of knowledge. The pattern of life is large, showing ambition, confidence and responsibility for the world. The beauty of life lies in talent and charm, which is enough to make people yearn for. Hu Yinglin said that Tang poetry was "beautiful" and Li Bai was a typical beautiful poem. What happened to the high-profile and beautiful artistic conception of life? What's so funny? Li Bai's first job was to be artistic and elegant. "True nobles often forget their preciousness, true beauties don't know their beauty, and peerless articles are unintentional." Li Bai forgot his heroic spirit, his loyalty and his charm. In fact, he is not beautiful.

What is Li Bai's pursuit of being a man? I think he has a new "scholar" complacency. That is, a new "scholar" who combines Confucianism, immortals and chivalry, Li Bai unexpectedly experienced three purges without knowing it. Confucian scholars are the basic backbone of "scholars", but they are too weak, so they must have "chivalry" to save their female disadvantage; Confucian scholars are too persistent, and having "immortals" makes their masculinity worse. This new "scholar" is like the wind, but it is very suitable. Performance is to contribute and retire; Bookish and prodigal; It is also practical and fun; It is elegant and tall, full of excitement; It is brave, it is invisible. That is: there is both heroism and liberation spirit.

Emancipating spirit

Without the spirit of liberation, heroism will also become a condom that binds you. Because the true nature of a hero is to break all fetters, but the ubiquitous tension in the world will become a burden in life.

Why is he said to have "liberation spirit"? Heroism is different from liberation. Heroic spirit is a great concern, a great responsibility, a man's life and a feeling between heaven and earth. Emancipation spirit is more about liberating yourself, which is an important supplement to heroic spirit. Without the spirit of liberation, heroism will also become a condom that binds you. Because the true colors of heroes break all fetters, but the ubiquitous secular nervousness will become a burden in life. Once they become their own fetters, heroes will go to their own opposites, so emancipating the spirit means that even heroism can be removed. Heroic spirit is "economic talent" and emancipating spirit is "anti-nesting festival"; Heroism is "the sea breeze keeps blowing", and the spirit of liberation is "the moonlight is still empty". The isomorphism of the two became Li Bai's personality world.

"Antique" No.1 12: "Yan Ziling, Zhao Zhao, surf the shore. The body will hide the guest star, and the heart and clouds will be idle. After a long visit, Wan returned to Fuchun River. The breeze sprinkled Liuhe, unattainable. " Most of Li Bai's poems are contemptuous of powerful people. We see that all kinds of worship in life, such as the worship of power, are often not given by others, but caused by themselves. Only when you are liberated from it can you gain the noble freedom of life.

Emancipation spirit is the transcendental beauty of free life. "We all yearn for the distance and want to go to the sky to embrace the bright moon." The bright moon here is a symbol of free life. What is Yixing? It is a state of life that is neither sticky nor sloppy. Therefore, emancipating the spirit is, to a great extent, self-liberation and emancipating one's mind. Free from all kinds of homemade condoms. One of the great values of Li Bai's poems is to liberate and let go of oneself.

Climbing Mount Tianmu in my dream: "My heart and dream are in Wu and the moon, crossing the mirror lake on a moonlit night. The moon lit up my shadow and I came to Yanhe. ..... Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking people? They will never be seen with a sincere face! " After Li Bai left Beijing, he met a bright moon, which was warm and elegant and immortal, sending the poet to a free and beautiful mountain and river.

Li Bai likes the moonlit night of Wei Jin people very much, such as visiting Dai. Song people once wrote a poem: "The boat was unexpected, and the snow and the moon merged." Don't go back to the boat, because you are exhausted. What a strange scenery. " I'm just talking about the scenery in Yin Shan. And Li Bai also imagined Wang Ziyou: "Last night, Wu Zhongxue was in the snow, and his son was happy. Wan Li clouds roll the blue mountains, and the lonely moon flows through the sky. Lonely Moon Canglang River Han Qing, Beidou strewn at random Chang Gung Ming. The night of wine is frosty and white, and the jade bed is golden. Life has been drifting for a hundred years, and it will last forever. " (Answer the King on Twelve Cold Nights) Imagine a vast and eternal bright and noble world. The pure and clean world is the poet's vulgar life without cockfighting, his military life in purple robe, his noble and rich life and his yearning for a beautiful universe. Perhaps the existence of this world is the source of his liberation.

Li Bai also wrote a poem about the moonlit night, "Nanhu is smokeless in autumn night, and it can ride straight into the sky." Let's buy wine and Bai Yunbian in the moonlight in Dongting. " Under this beautiful water and light mountain, it is infinitely transparent and infinitely empty. How can we make the boat sail to the sky along the lake and moonlight? Moonlight is here, which is spiritual liberation. People who follow the rules, heaven and earth, lakes and moonlight, are separated and cannot be integrated, while poets have no boundaries at all, opening up a free place to visit their hearts.

Drinking the bright moon alone: "From from a pot of wine among the flowers, drinking alone. No one is with me. Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people. The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind. I have to mingle with them and enjoy the happiness of spring. I sang. The moon encouraged me, and my dance was messy. Wake up and be happy together, and disperse after drunkenness. Will goodwill be guaranteed? I see the long road of the Milky Way. " "Ruthless swimming" is a kind of swimming that is completely different from secular feelings, that is, forgetting the secular swimming. "relentless swimming" is loosening, but it's not ready yet. Make love, make love, disperse; Don't be persistent because of sex, and don't be sad because of dispersion. In the distant horizon, there will be a day to meet.

Human spirit

Li Bai is the poet who knows friendship best. Seeing Meng Haoran off and seeing Wang Lun off are both well written. Li Bai is arrogant, dissolute and the most unruly person, but he is also deeply in love and is one of the sexual lovers mentioned in China culture.

If Li Bai is just a hero, a liberator, a chivalrous man and a fairy, or a foreigner, he can't understand the depths of China culture. The depth of China culture is touched by human nature, and people's hearts are interlinked. Let's look at Li Bai's other moon poems.

"Jinling night is quiet and cool, looking at the five mountains from the tall building alone. White clouds reflect the water and shake the empty city, while white dew drops the autumn moon. Thinking under the moon for a long time, the eyes are thin since ancient times. This is a long-term memory of Xie Xuanhui. "China culture values empathy and spiritual empathy. The moonlight was thoughtful, and for a long time, I was moved by my inner nostalgia. In fact, the moonlight in Li Bai's poems is the beauty of understanding with tenderness and sympathy, and the deep beauty touched by the spirit and soul.

"Sauvignon Blanc, in Chang 'an. Autumn insects are singing by the golden well, and the frost is shining on my mat like a small mirror. High light flashing; My desire is getting deeper and deeper. I lift the curtain, sigh and stare at the moon. Like a single flower, with the cloud as the center, there is a high sky in the world. Below, I see the green and the agitation of water. The sky is high and the land is wide; My sadness flies painfully between them. Can I dream of crossing the mountain gate? . Sauvignon Blanc destroys the heart and soul. "("Sauvignon Blanc ") Sauvignon Blanc means that people think for a long time. It is love, the affection of couples, an ideal of life, or the pursuit of a better life cannot be realized. In short, it is a pure sigh.

"Huayang Zigui crow, Wen Dao Long Biao Wu Xi. I am worried about the bright moon, and I will go to Yelangxi with the wind. " (I heard Wang Changling's "Moving Left") Li Bai is the poet who knows friendship best. He writes well to send Meng Haoran and Wang Lun. Li Bai is arrogant and dissolute, and he is the most unconventional person, but he is also deeply affectionate and has a profound and sincere friendship. He is also one of the temperament figures mentioned in China culture. The moon in this poem is probably the most affectionate moon in the world.

"Japan's imperial capital, sailing around penghu. The bright moon does not sink to the bottom of the sea, and the white clouds are full of sorrow. " ("Crying at the Clear Balance") All the good mountains and rivers in the world can be friends of Li Bai; Anyone with childlike innocence and temperament in the world can also be a friend of Li Bai. The moon in this poem represents friends in Japan, which shows that Li Bai's humanistic spirit is not only national, but also universal.

"I stayed in Panasonic for five nights, lonely and unhappy. The farmer is busier at work, and the girl next door is not afraid of the cold autumn night all night. The owner of the house, the old woman, brought me rice, full of white rice like moonlight. It makes people drift away, and three thanks can't be eaten. " This is a famous peasant woman with a surname, and it is a real experience. The voice of "autumn is bitter at home, and the night is cold in the neighborhood" is still in my ears. The white moonlight is the expression of the poet's sympathy and has the eternal charm of the human spirit.

"A bright moon hangs in Beijing, and ten thousand hammers wash it. The autumn wind blew Yi Dao's voice, and every household remembered the people guarding the border. Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle! "(Midnight Wu Ge) The boundless warm moonlight, like the sound of the autumn wind blowing my heart's rags, is the ubiquitous yearning of lovers. The poet's heart is infinitely meticulous.

"The foot of my bed is shining with such bright light. Is it frosty already? . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " Reading such a poem, one is eternal emotion, the other is instant emotion, fresh and ancient, simple and profound. The poet Li Bai is a true lover of the universe.

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As for temperament, it tends to be artistic.

The main feature of Li Bai's poetic art is that he is good at expressing his warm thoughts and feelings by using rich imagination, bold exaggeration, vivid metaphor, free and liberated genre and simple and beautiful language. His poems have a strong subjective color, which is mainly manifested in paying attention to expressing heroism and passionate feelings, and rarely describing objective images and specific events in detail.

The most striking feature of Li Bai's lyric style is that it often breaks out. Once the emotion is aroused, it rushes out without restraint, just like a hurricane in the sky, an overflowing volcano, pouring down and pouring down a thousand miles. Combined with the expression of bursting feelings, his poetic imagination is unpredictable, often unreasonable and strange. Most of the images in the poem are: Dapeng, giant fish, long whale, great river, snow-capped mountains and other magnificent things. This provides more and broader imagination and creates more romance.

The language style of Li Bai's poems is fresh and lively, and hearty and lively is the basic tone of his words. His poems, which are blurted out and unadorned, often show transparency, purity and dazzling brilliance, reflecting his noble personality of rejecting secular identity.

In short, it is divided into four points:

1, the imagination of Li Bai's poems is amazing.

Speaking out of heaven and earth, thinking out of ghosts and gods, reading fascinating, measuring with four hearts, aboveboard, really unnatural, there is Li Taibai. ([Tang] Pi Rixiu's Inscription on Liu Zaoqiang) Such as "The strong wind blows my heart and hangs on the trees in the west" ("Golden Elephant sends me to the west"), "I worry about my heart and the bright moon, and the wind keeps me wandering in the west" ("I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln with this news") and "Tianmu Yin" are all built with the help of myths and legends. For chapters such as Difficult Road to Shu and Farewell, predecessors rated them as "strange and strange" (He Lingji) and "changing and shrinking, stealing ghosts and covering up silence" (Hu Yinglin's poems), revealing the characteristics of rich imagination and changeable sentence patterns.

2. In Li Bai's poems, exaggerated and vivid metaphors and personification are widely used.

His poems "Although the water is still flowing, the sword is chopped, it is more worrying to raise a glass to dispel the sorrow" ("Farewell Secretary of Xie Tiao Village in Xuanzhou") and "White hair is three thousands of feet, and sorrow is like a beard" (Song of Autumn Pu, the fifteenth), which depicts his deep and extensive worries after the failure of political activities in Chang 'an, and is a well-known sentence. For example, he wrote "Poetry is a gift from the north window, and a thousand words are not as good as a glass of water" ("Answering the Twelve Cold Nights of the King") and wrote his own talents; "I would like to cross the Yellow River, but the ice will choke on the ferry, and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow" ("Difficult to Travel"), which is difficult to write a career; "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun" ("To Wang Lun"), and writing about the deep friendship between friends all impress readers with distinctive and prominent images. For example, it is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days, and another example is: Yanshan snowflakes are as big as seats, and pieces fall on Xuanyuantai (Xuanyuantai Xuanyuan Huangdi Mausoleum is located on Yu Zi Mountain, 7 kilometers northeast of Pinggu County, commonly known as Xuanyuantai). ) personification, such as "sitting alone in Jingting Mountain".

3, free and lively, unrestrained.

In terms of genre, Li Bai is good at classical poems and quatrains with relatively free form, and doesn't like to write metrical poems. 59 pieces of Antique are his representative works of five dynasties. The five ancient poems in his Yuefu have inherited the fine tradition of Yuefu folk songs in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, and their writing style is simple and vivid, full of the poet's enthusiasm. His seven-character ancient poems (including Yuefu seven-character songs and general seven-character poems) are more creative. The scenery is magnificent, colorful, lyrical and changeable. Li Bai is good at quatrains. His quatrains were improved on the basis of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which made him more alert. Five unique poems, Silent Night Thinking and Yu Jiefen, are implicit and meaningful. There are also excellent works, clear and concise language, harmonious and beautiful timbre, lyrical scenery and simple explanations. For example, See you Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from the Yellow Crane Tower, Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Looking at Tianmen Mountain, Making a White Emperor City as early as possible, and Presenting Wang Lun. Are well-known masterpieces. The evaluation of the seven-character quatrains in the Tang Dynasty has always been that Li Bai and Wang Changling are best at blending scenes; Li Bai concentrated on the study of the Seven Laws, with only a dozen books and few excellent works. There are more than 70 poems about five laws, some of which are well written, which shows that he can write metrical poems, but he doesn't like to write more.

4, fresh, bright, natural and not carved.

The greatest linguistic feature of Li Bai's poems is freshness, vividness and naturalness without carving, just as he said in his own poems, "Clear water produces hibiscus, which needs natural carving". Specifically, the language is straightforward and natural, the syllables are harmonious and smooth, natural and unpretentious, and it exudes the flavor of folk songs. This is mainly due to the study of Yuefu folk songs in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. But he didn't just learn and imitate the language of folk songs, but improved it on the basis of learning to make it more concise, beautiful and meaningful. For example, his seven-character ancient poems are not only pure and natural, but also vigorous and unrestrained in language. Du Fu's poem "Memories of Li Bai in Spring" praised Li Bai's poems as "fresh" and "elegant", which revealed the remarkable characteristics of his language style.