Influence of Chinese and Western Traditional Architectural Design on Modern Architecture in China. Future development trend of architecture in China.

1. The differences in building materials reflect the differences in material culture and philosophy between China and the West.

From the perspective of building materials, before the emergence of modern architecture, all mature building systems in the world, including Indian buildings belonging to oriental architecture, were basically built with masonry as the main building material, belonging to the masonry structure system. For example, the pyramids in Egypt, the temples in ancient Greece, the Colosseum and aqueduct in ancient Rome, and the churches in medieval Europe were all built of stones, which are historical witnesses left in this "Stone History Book". Only China's classical architecture (including neighboring Japanese and Korean areas) is a house with wood as the main frame, which belongs to the wood structure system, so it is known as "the history book of wood". The choice of materials in Chinese and western architecture is not only due to different natural factors, but also the result of different cultures and ideas, which is a universal reflection of different ideas in architecture. The primitive economy dominated by hunting in the west has created a primitive mentality of valuing things over people. From westerners' affirmation of stones, we can see the rational spirit of seeking wisdom and truth, emphasizing that in the relationship between man and nature, man is the master of the world, and his strength and wisdom can overcome everything. China's economic model based on primitive agriculture created an activity model that emphasized selection, collection and storage in primitive civilization. China's traditional philosophy, which developed from this, preached the world outlook of "harmony between man and nature". "The Unity of Heaven and Man" reveals the relationship between man and nature. Nature and man are closely linked as a whole, and man is a link in nature. China people choose wood as the basic building material, which is the result of attaching importance to its affinity with life and its character and life.

2. The difference of architectural space layout reflects the difference of institutional culture and personality characteristics between China and the West.

Judging from the spatial layout of buildings, the buildings in our country are the spatial pattern of closed groups, which are scattered on the ground plane. No matter what kind of buildings in China, from residential houses to palaces, they are almost a pattern, similar to the "quadrangle" model. The architectural beauty of China is a kind of "collective" beauty. For example; Beijing Palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Ming Tombs and Confucius Temple in Qufu are all huge buildings with many courtyards. All kinds of buildings are arranged in a regular way, which embodies the introverted characteristics of China's ancient social structure, patriarchal ideology and ethical code system. Contrary to China, western architecture is an open and single spatial pattern, which develops towards high altitude. Compared with the Louvre in Paris, the Forbidden City in Beijing, newly built and expanded in similar years, is a magnificent building complex composed of thousands of single houses, forming a series of courtyards around the axis, with an extremely huge plane; The latter uses the upward expansion and vertical superposition of "volume" to form a towering and magnificent whole from a huge and changeable body. Moreover, from the polis of ancient Greece and Rome, colonnades, doors and windows were widely used to increase information exchange and transparency, and buildings were surrounded by external space to highlight the physical image of buildings. This is related to the frequent exchanges between westerners through the sea and the implementation of slave democracy in society. The extroversion and scientific and democratic spirit of ancient Greece not only influenced ancient Rome, but also influenced the whole western world. At the same time, if the buildings in China occupy the ground, then the buildings in the west occupy the space. For example, the Colosseum in Risim, Rome is 48 meters high and the Pantheon is 43.5 meters high. In the medieval Hagia Sophia, the dome of its central hall was 60 meters above the ground. St Peter's Cathedral is the most brilliant work in Renaissance architecture, with a height of137m. This building in Zhuang certainly reflects the westerners' enthusiasm for worshipping the gods, and more importantly, it gives people a spiritual force to strive for progress with advanced scientific and technological achievements.

3. In terms of architectural modeling, the roofs of classical buildings in China generally have obvious curves, with steep upper slopes and gentle lower slopes, which are not only convenient for rainwater drainage, but also conducive to sunshine and ventilation. In the buildings of Xieding Mountain and Ding Dian, the eaves are deliberately tilted slightly to both sides, especially the corners are obviously tilted, forming the artistic conception of spreading wings and flying. Compared with the Parthenon, a typical example of western classical architecture, its eave center is slightly convex, which is just the opposite of the eave curve of China classical architecture. This convex curve in the west has produced a straight and flat artistic effect.

The columns of western classical architecture have obvious divide and rule, and the columns of Greek classical architecture also have bold side feet and corner columns; Compared with the classical architecture in China, especially the orthodox architecture in the Tang and Song Dynasties, it is also very common for columns to roll and kill the side feet, which reflects the same aesthetic technique, but the proportion of columns is different due to different materials.

Others: 1, western architecture

Western architecture always emphasizes the eternity and sublimity of architectural art with huge volume and transcendental scale. They have strict geometric figures, and often use domes and minarets with outward feeling to render the vertical strength of houses, forming an appearance feature that stands proudly and opposes nature. Pyramids and temples, the representatives of ancient Egyptian architectural culture, have highlighted this feature. The pyramids are the tombs of Egyptian legalists or nobles. The ancient Egyptians believed in the idea of immortality of the soul, and believed that eternal life could be achieved in the kingdom of heaven by permanently preserving the body after death. Therefore, Egyptian pharaohs had to build pyramids representing eternal beliefs for themselves while they were alive. The pyramids are definitely different from the ancient tombs in China. It does not have the feminine beauty of being "buried underground", nor does it create the rich and gorgeous underground paradise in the underground palace. Instead, it shows an eternal theme in the most concise and powerful geometric form, which will last forever in the world. From the perspective of artistic philosophy, the Geelong Pyramid, located in the suburb of Cairo on the west bank of the Nile, with its huge, simple, concise and stable shape, shows a supernatural and pure masculine beauty in the vast, primitive and simple desert, with a strong memorial-sacred, eternal, solemn and lofty.

The same is true of ancient Egyptian temples, such as the temple of Amon in Karnak Temple. The building is huge, heavy, majestic and mysterious, which completely shows a kind of masculine and lofty beauty. The most famous temple in Amon is the main hall, also known as the "multi-pillar temple", which covers an area of 5,000 square meters and is densely arranged with 16 rows and 134 tall and thick stone pillars. Their bottom diameter is larger than the clear distance between the columns. This kind of treatment is obviously to pursue the artistic effect of repression and super-sensibility. When talking about western religious architecture, Marx once said: "The huge image is shocking and surprising ... These behemoths, like naturally generated volumes, affect people's spirit materially, and the spirit feels depressed under the weight of material. This feeling of depression is the starting point of worship." It is this pure material pressure that is exaggerated by the architecture of the temple of Amon, aiming at causing people's consternation and shocking impression. Here, the beautiful and implicit female beauty is completely rejected.

2. China architecture

China's architectural system is an independent architectural art characterized by wood structure, which has made brilliant achievements in urban planning, architectural groups, single buildings, artistic treatment of materials and structures. Various roof shapes, cornices, colorful paintings, Zhu Zhu Jinding, indoor and outdoor decorative doors, and garden scenery in traditional architecture fully reflect the skill and appeal of China's architectural art, and mortises and tenons existed in Hemudu culture 7000 years ago. Banpo village is divided into an anteroom and a back room. During the Shang Dynasty, there were tall palaces. Bricks and tiles were used in the Western Zhou Dynasty, with a quadrangle layout. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, architectural drawings were handed down from generation to generation. The indoor and outdoor beams, columns and buckets of Jingyi Taixu Palace are decorated, and murals are painted on the walls. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, wooden structures became more and more mature, with magnificent buildings, rich decorations and beautiful stretches, and huge architectural groups such as Epang Palace and Weiyang Palace appeared. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhist temples and pagodas developed rapidly with various forms, and kissing ornaments appeared on the roof. Glazed tiles used in the Sui and Tang Dynasties were even more magnificent. The halls of Nanchan Temple and Beigao Temple built at that time still exist, attracting worldwide attention. During the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, urban architecture flourished and commerce flourished. Luxury restaurants and shops have their own flying pavilion bars with beautiful styles. Palace gardens and private gardens in Ming and Qing dynasties have been preserved so far, and the buildings are more magnificent, complicated and dignified than those in Song Dynasty. Chinese modern architectural art has been developing and innovating in the practice of inheriting excellent traditions and absorbing the advantages of today's world architectural art.