An essay on the evolution of shuttlecock.

Shuttlecock kicking is a folk sport in China, and it is known as the "butterfly of life". In ancient times, it was one of the so-called "miscellaneous operas", "miscellaneous operas", "extensive operas" and "hundred operas". Shuttlecock, in ancient books, is also written as cymbals, dice and badminton. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhai Hao's "Popular Compilation" Volume 31 "Zi" article says: "Wu Ci Bu": "Throwing your feet is a joke." Shuttlecock is divided into two parts: shuttlecock thallium and shuttlecock feather. Shuttlecock thallium is made of round lead, tin, iron sheet or copper coins, and shuttlecock hair is made of feathers. The book "Story of Yanjing at the Age of Years" says: "The rower will pad the leather money, line the copper money, tie the feathers and tie the belt." There are many ways to kick shuttlecock. "Kicking shuttlecock" in Ruan Kuisheng's Tea Idle Guest Talk said: "Among them, there are hundreds of shuttlecocks." It is said that during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a hundred-year-old scholar in Chengde who could kick out 108 kinds of fancy styles such as magpie climbing, golden dragon probing claws and lion rolling hydrangea.

Shuttlecock kicking has a long history, but there is no exact record showing when it started. Ancient famous textual research scholars believe that kicking shuttlecock originated from Cuju. For example, Song Gaocheng called kicking shuttlecock "the legacy of cuju" in Shuo Yuan. As for "Cuju players, it is said that they were played by the Yellow Emperor, or during the Warring States Period" (Biography of Historical Records of Su Qin quoted Pei Zhi and Liu Xiang's Bielu), so the history of kicking shuttlecock can be traced back to the Warring States Period and even the distant era of the Yellow Emperor. In the era of the Yellow Emperor, historical events were far from being found. It is not reliable to say that kicking shuttlecock was made by the Yellow Emperor, which means that all the achievements of invention and creation are attributed to the Yellow Emperor alone. When it comes to the Warring States period, there may be some basis, but because kicking shuttlecock is a delicate thing, it is almost impossible to find conclusive evidence of the origin time. Therefore, it is better to start from the Warring States period. Although this still belongs to the traditional historical shadow, the bow before the Tang Dynasty was a "tangled hair" (a beginner's book), similar to the shuttlecock feather, and also a kind of "plaything", so the bow and shuttlecock did have some blood relationship. According to the textual research of cultural relics, the image of kicking shuttlecock has been found on the portrait brick of Han Dynasty. According to this inference, kicking shuttlecock originated in the Han Dynasty two thousand years ago at the latest. By the Northern and Southern Dynasties, people had been able to kick shuttlecock skillfully and skillfully. The Biography of Monks, a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, records: "When 12 years old, Shaman Huiguang kicked shuttlecock in Tianjie Well for 500 years, and everyone watched it with great noise. The Buddha was offended and said, "The child has a job." (Biography of Tianzhu Monk in Shaolin Temple, Volume II, Song Yue, the Zen Guardian of Xi) Shuttlecock is shuttlecock, and counter-kicking is kicking with the outside of the foot, which is also called "turning". Kick 500 times, which shows the kung fu on your feet. Shuttlecock kicking even influenced the martial arts of Shaolin Temple, and Shaolin monks used shuttlecock kicking as an auxiliary skill in martial arts.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, kicking shuttlecock became more popular and the skills were more superb. It is recorded in Shi Jiyuan: "Today's children are wearing chicken feathers with lead and tin as money, and they are called" whip saws ".They walk and kick in groups of three or five, dragging guns, bowing their knees, bulging their bellies, beads, scissors, kidnappers …" It can be seen that kicking shuttlecock can be done while running, and not only with their feet, but also with their knees. In the Song Dynasty, due to the large number of people kicking shuttlecocks, there was also a small business selling shuttlecocks for a living. There are six "small brokers" in the notes carefully written by poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, listing the small businesses that operate various toys in the capital Lin 'an (Hangzhou), such as kites, sticky sticks, badminton, pigeon bells, chess and slingshots. And pointed out: "There are dozens of people in every situation, and everyone is committed to providing food and clothes."

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