The history of folk shadow play.

Shadow play, also known as "light shadow" or "shadow play", is an ancient and unique folk opera art, which is widely circulated among the people in China. Its content and artistic effect are expressed by lighting, curtain, singing and shadow people's performance manipulated by actors. The shadow play actors and shadow play scenes used are not only props for performances, but also folk art works with strong local colors.

There are different opinions about where the shadow play originated and when it originated. Generally speaking, it originated from the Han Dynasty. "Records of consorts in Hanshu" records that "Li Furen is few, fleas die ... Emperor Wu misses Li Furen. The alchemist's lack of people can make him feel better. It is to light a candle at night, arrange curtains, wine and meat, and let him stay in the tent. Seeing a good woman like Li Furen from a distance, he still sits and walks, but he can't just watch, which makes him more and more homesick and sad. Poem: "It is evil, not evil. I stood and looked at it. On the contrary, He Shanshan came late. " "Let Yuefu musicians string together songs ..." (Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, BC 140 to 86 BC). At night, a tent was set up and candles were lit to let Emperor Wu of Han sit on another screen to watch movies, which formed the embryonic form of the film.

Shadow play in Yuan Dynasty spread to South Asia with the army. For example, Persian historian Rasheed Odin (about 1248- 13 18) once said: "When the son of Genghis Khan in China was in power, actors came to Persia to perform special operas behind the scenes, and most of them were national stories ...". There is no doubt that this is a movie.

At this time, not only in Persia, but also in Arabia, Turkey was also the most affected. In the17th century, it was introduced to Turkey in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, absorbed its performance form and developed into its own film and drama. At the same time, it has also produced many people with different personalities in China, the most famous being "Karagatz and Hajiwat". Turks like the role of "Karagatz" very much, so there is another name for "Karagatz" in Turkish shadow play. Now, in big cities such as Ankara, special performances of Shadow Play Week are sometimes held.

/kloc-in the middle of the 0/8th century, movies spread to European countries. Artists all over the world have shown great interest in China's shadow play. 1767, a French missionary living in Harold brought China's shadow play back to France as a "treasure". 1774, Goethe, a great German writer, introduced China's shadow play to the German audience at the Willand Expo, and hosted a shadow play performance on his birthday on August 28th. 178 1.

65438-0927 In the international exhibition held in Germany, China students performed the shadow play "Welcome", which caused a sensation.

From 65438 to 0975, American artist Ms. Joe Humphrey founded the "Yuelong Shadow Play Troupe".

When shadow play flourished in China, it was divided into different schools from the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, such as Shaanxi shadow play, Tangshan shadow play, Beijing shadow play, Hubei shadow play, Sichuan shadow play, Yunnan shadow play, Northeast shadow play, Hunan and Guangdong shadow play and so on. Each school has its own unique repertoire. Taking Beijing as an example, shadow play is divided into two groups: East and West.

By the Qing Dynasty, the flow of movies was all-directional, and there were traces of cinemas all over the country except Tibet and a few provinces in Xinjiang. The first catastrophe of Chinese shadow play was from 1796 to 1800 (from the first year of Qing Jiaqing to the fifth year of Jiaqing). At that time, "White Lotus Sect" broke out everywhere, shaking the Qing Dynasty, suppressing and strictly investigating. Folk rumors: White Lotus Christians are good at making artificial horses out of paper, smearing people's blood to live, commanding driving, and lacking soldiers. Some people are greedy for the suggestion and expect the meaning of literature. Like paper men and paper soldiers, the filmmakers in the shadow group are framed as "hanging bandits". Therefore, film artists are strictly arrested, resolute and nervous. Forcing all shadow troupes in Beijing to dissolve ... (from Weng Ouhong's Talking about Beijing Shadow Play from Lujia Shadow Play). When Emperor Jiaqing (Injong) was in power, he issued five imperial edicts to ban the theater, which made the theater box burn down and drove away the artists. It was not until 25 years later that Daoguang 182 1 ascended the throne that theaters gradually recovered in the whole country.