Which was the earliest political reform, Han Feizi or Shang Gang?

In the 13th year (356 BC) and 19th year (350 BC) of Qin Xiaogong, Shang Yang made two political reforms. The content of the reform is "abandoning minefields to open buildings, implementing the county system, rewarding farmers and fighting, and implementing the sitting method". When he began to innovate, in order to win the trust of the people, he sent someone to erect a tree in the city and told him, "Whoever can move it to the gate will be given ten pieces of gold." No one in the state of Qin believed it, and later it was increased to fifty gold, so someone carried wood to the city gate and rewarded fifty gold. From then on, he announced and implemented the reform of filial piety, which was called "the letter of standing wood" or "the letter of moving wood"

Later, the prince broke the law, and Shang Yang thought, "If the law doesn't work, you should commit it from above." Punish the teacher Gong Ziqian and the teacher Gong Sunjia. In the sixteenth year of Qin Xiaogong, a teacher and a father's son repeatedly broke the law, and Shang Yang was sentenced to cut off his nose. The reform has been going on for a long time, and the Qin people are happy. There are no thieves in the mountains. In the first 340 years, Qin and Zhao defeated General Ang, the son of Wei, and Wei cut the river and moved to Daliang. At this time, Wei Huiwang was furious: "I hate what my uncle said." Shang Yang was awarded the title of Shang Wuyi for his merits.

The Law of Shang Jun established the law of sitting, enacted severe laws, and increased corporal punishment with great intensity, including chiseling, pulling tendons, cooking in an iron pot and other punishments. Zi Jian records: "I fell in love with Qin at first, and my words were mean." He tried to talk about prisoners in Lin Wei, and Weishui was completely red. For ten years, many people complained. " The nobles of Qin complained a lot.

Shang Yang established a national policy-the war of ploughing, which lasted for more than one hundred years in Qin State. Shang Yang told Qin people that there are only two main things in life: ploughing and fighting. Shang Yang believes that only strong agriculture can support the expanding war. At the same time, in the west, Alexander the Great had an army of 50,000 people, and the Roman legion was only a few hundred thousand people at its strongest. By the time of Qin Shihuang, the State of Qin had been able to support a million troops. According to historical records, it was the farming strategy that finally achieved Qin's ambition to dominate the world.

28 1 year-233 years before Han Fei.

Han Fei summed up the thoughts of Shang Yang, Shen Buhai and Li Kui, and advocated that the monarch should govern the country by combining skill with power.

There are two articles in Han Fei's Han Fei Zi, namely "Xielao" and "Xielao", which directly state that some of his thoughts also originated from Laozi, so later people call it Taoism, which means the new legalist thought extended from Taoism. However, Han Fei's Laozi only takes a small part of Laozi, which is completely different from Zhuangzi Taoism which inherited the thought of Laozi.

To put it simply, Han Fei just took Lao Tzu's inaction thought. In Laozi's inaction, he thinks that there is no need to stick to fixed forms and methods, as long as he follows the avenue. However, Han Fei only participated in the meaning, thinking that inaction, when implemented under the rule of the king, should have no specific preferences, or preferences can not be mastered by officials. This aspect also includes administrative habits and unified management and control methods. And it should be uncertain and difficult to master. In this way, it will not be controlled by the soldiers and crabs, and it is considered that there is nothing to do. Some scholars also believe that the parts of "understanding the old" and "feeling the old" seem to be different from other expositions of Han Fei, and may not have been written by Han Fei.