A study on the causes of China's long-term failure in modern history and an analysis of the conflict between China's traditional culture.

The autocratic monarchy strengthened the decline of feudal system, and the suppression of highly centralized feudal monarchy hindered the development of capitalism, emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce, and the merchants' social status was low.

The moral norms are strict, and the primitive agricultural economy is still the main body of the economic system. The germination of capitalism is difficult, especially in the late Qing Dynasty. Opium consumption has greatly weakened the combat effectiveness of China's army.

The worldwide revival of art, the rise of the Enlightenment and the bourgeois revolution, as well as the closed-door policy of the Qing Dynasty, made China lag behind the rest of the world. An analysis of the conflict with China's traditional culture: Li Zhi's early democratic enlightenment thought headed by Li Zhi, Huang Zongxi, Gu and Wang Fuzhi in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties-Li Zhi's view: (1), criticizing Neo-Confucianism, denying the authority of Confucius and Mencius and the "Four Books and Five Classics" (2), criticizing feudal ethics, pursuing material enjoyment and advocating the free development of personality. Advocating equality between men and women (3), putting forward "everything is divided into two"-fundamentally denying the other three propositions of "justice": the idea of practical application; "Industry and commerce are the foundation" criticizes the autocratic monarchy and advocates limiting the influence of monarchical power; Li Zhi pointed the finger at feudal ethics and the whole orthodox thought, and his thought had a distinct feudal rebellious color and fighting spirit. It has a distinct anti-feudal color, criticizes pedantic Confucian orthodoxy, promotes people's ideological emancipation, and is conducive to the emergence of anti-feudal democratic ideas. It had a strong impact on absolute monarchy; In the following hundreds of years, it played the role of enlightenment and gave profound enlightenment to future generations.