Input method of global procurement

There are six major problems in China's traditional procurement model: First, there is no effective communication between suppliers and buyers, which is a typical game process of asymmetric information, and procurement has become a blind behavior; Second, it is impossible to control the quality and delivery date of suppliers' products in advance, and economic disputes continue; Third, the relationship between supply and demand is temporary or short-term cooperation, and competition is more than cooperation; Fourth, the ability to respond to users' needs is slow; Fifth, profit-driven, black-box operation, chasing after the end at the expense of this, seeking for the expensive at the expense of this, and seeking for the distant from the near are hotbeds of corruption; Sixth, the production department is out of touch with the purchasing department, resulting in a large amount of inventory and occupying a large amount of working capital.

Modern procurement mode has six advantages: First, it can expand the scope of supplier price comparison, improve procurement efficiency and reduce procurement costs. The second is to make the procurement process open. It is conducive to further publicizing the procurement process, realizing timely monitoring and making procurement more transparent and standardized. The third is to realize the procedural operation of purchasing business. The fourth is to promote quantitative and scientific procurement management. The fifth is to realize the production enterprise purchasing for inventory to purchasing for order. The sixth is to realize the transformation from procurement management to external resource management.

In particular, the use of e-commerce procurement provides an all-weather and over-time procurement environment, that is, a 365×24 procurement environment. The procurement cost is reduced, the procurement process is simplified, the inventory of the enterprise is greatly reduced, and the two sides form a strategic partnership. E-commerce procurement can be said to be the strategic management innovation of enterprises, full of infinite vitality.

The transformation of enterprise procurement management mode is from purchasing for inventory to purchasing for order, reducing inventory and speeding up circulation; From the management of purchased goods to the management of suppliers, establish strategic alliances and form supply chain management; Change from the traditional procurement mode to the modern procurement mode, and reduce the procurement cost by the principles of fairness, openness and justice; Procurement management has been upgraded from a general problem of enterprises to a strategic problem of improving the adaptability and competitiveness of enterprises; Optimize enterprise management resources, implement process reengineering, set up a unified procurement department, equipped with a shrewd procurement director. Global procurement system is an e-commerce procurement mode. Enterprises should be familiar with and master the e-commerce procurement mode if they want to enter the global procurement system. The emergence and development of e-commerce is closely related to logistics and procurement activities. The emergence of e-commerce has fundamentally changed the traditional procurement model. Under the condition of modern market economy, there are three procurement methods that can enter e-commerce, namely government procurement, enterprise procurement and individual procurement. Whether it is B2B (business-to-business), B2C (business-to-consumer) or C2C (consumer-to-consumer), whether it is international or domestic.

Payment system; 3) Customs clearance system for import and export trade; 4) Modern logistics system. The evaluation of suppliers mainly includes four aspects: price, quality, delivery and service. In addition, we should also examine the supplier's environment, that is, the four basic elements of transnational procurement, namely, value flow, service flow, information flow and capital flow.

For example, Metro multinational chain group has put forward four basic requirements on how to become its supplier, namely: First, it must have a perfect supply system and commodity license. The second is fair and ethical trade (reliable commodity supply, guaranteed commodity quality, and commitment to long-term business development). The third is the ability of commodity circulation (the ability to transport goods to designated shopping malls and the willingness to use designated logistics companies). Fourth, the product specifications meet the requirements of Metro (quality assurance, reasonable pricing, unique style, support for advertising and promotional activities).

At the same time, Metro also gives back four benefits to suppliers: first, improve the packaging, appearance and quality standards of suppliers' goods; The second is to help suppliers' products enter the domestic and international markets; Third, win-win partnership; Fourth, respect the legitimate brand rights and interests of manufacturers. Take IBM as an example. IBM has a history of 90 years, with annual sales revenue exceeding 90 billion dollars and 300,000 employees worldwide. 200 1, and the global procurement amount is 4.5 billion US dollars. IBM put forward five elements of procurement: First, continuously provide a procurement system with both cost-effectiveness and competitive advantages. The second is to establish and maintain a sound supplier network. Third, creatively develop and apply e-procurement system to ensure its leading position in the world. Fourth, the core is to improve the service level to customers. The fifth is to attract and train first-class procurement professionals.

IBM insists on purchasing as the core and drives financial and logistics systems. There are four generally recognized procurement rules, namely, the United Nations Model Procurement Law, the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement, the EU Procurement Directive and the World Bank Procurement Guide. When joining the WTO, China government did not participate in the WTO government procurement agreement. However, the China government has promised that by 2020, China will open its government procurement market to APEC members. United Nations procurement and international procurement between enterprises are conducted in accordance with the rules of the game.

Take United Nations procurement as an example, 1998 was $3 billion, in 2000 it was $4 billion, in 2006 it was $5 billion in 5438+0, and in 2002 it was 10 billion. The procurement scope covers transportation vehicles, chartered flight services, communication equipment, office supplies, telephones and software, professional instruments, various tools, disaster relief materials, medical equipment, agricultural products, food, medicines and services, and many other fields. In the era of economic globalization and informatization, the comprehensive quality of enterprises is mainly reflected in five aspects: time (T), quality (Q), cost (C), service (S) and flexibility (F). The "time" here refers to the reaction speed to the market. But to achieve these five points, it mainly depends on the quality of entrepreneurs. In a certain environment, a dynamic and creative entrepreneur decides everything. Haier is a typical example. As a manufacturing enterprise, Haier has established a global procurement system on the one hand, but its products have also been included in the global procurement system by many enterprises. And let yourself enter a virtuous circle. This is closely related to the entrepreneurial team with Zhang Ruimin as the core. Haier group began to carry out process reengineering from 1998, set up logistics promotion headquarters, and implemented unified centralized procurement. The number of purchasing staff has been reduced from more than 1000 to more than 100, and the number of suppliers has been optimized from 2336 to 840. In 2002, 44 of the top 500 suppliers in the world were Haier suppliers. With the reform of the procurement system, the procurement cost decreased by 500 million in 1999, by 700 million in 20001year and by 65,438 billion yuan in 2002. At the same time, many products of Haier are purchased by many multinational wholesalers and retailers and enter the global market.