Architectural design of Sagrada Familia Cathedral

Gaudi originally planned to build 18 towers, arranged in ascending order, twelve disciples, Mary, the author of the four gospels of the Bible, and the tallest Jesus Christ. By 20 10, eight towers corresponding to the four disciples of the birth facade and the four disciples of the suffering facade have been built.

The tower corresponding to the four gospel writers will have their own symbolic sculptures: bull (Luke), angel (Matthew), eagle (John) and lion (Kyle). There will be a huge cross in the center of the tower of Jesus; Because Gaudi thinks that his works can't surpass the creation of the gods, the total height of this tower (170 meters) is one meter lower than that of Monte Huiqi Mountain in Barcelona. On the lower tower are bundles of wheat, communion cups and grapes, symbolizing communion.

The completion of the tower will make Sagrada Familia Cathedral the tallest church in the world. Sagrada Familia Cathedral has three facades: the "Birth Facade" facing east, the "Suffering Facade" facing west and the unfinished "Glory Facade" facing south. The birth facade was completed before the interruption of 1935 church building, which was directly influenced by Gaudi style. The cross facade was built according to the design concept of Gaudi 19 17. 1954 started on the basis of brief planning, and 1976 was completed. The overall characteristics of the cross facade are simple and weather-beaten, and the image of the cross at the top of the tower is gaunt. These controversial designs come from the sculptor Yue Se Maria Rasis. The construction of the Glory Facade began in 2002, and it will be the largest and most memorable of the three fa? ades, mainly symbolizing the ascension of Jesus. The facade will also depict scenes such as hell and purgatory, and will also contain elements such as seven deadly sins and seven virtues. Birth Facade The birth fa? ade built between 1894 and 1930 is the first completed fa? ade. It focuses on the content of the birth of Jesus and is decorated with many elements that remind people of life. Influenced by Gaudi's naturalistic style, a large number of sculptures use natural landscapes and images, each with its own characteristics. For example, three porches are separated by two pillars. Under the pillar, there is a turtle and a turtle, each of which symbolizes the sea and land, and at the same time, because each one remains unchanged, it becomes a symbol of time. In contrast, the chameleons on both sides of the facade symbolize change.

The highland faces the rising direction of the northeast sun-symbolizing the birth of Jesus. The front is divided into three porches, each representing a theological virtue (faith, hope and love). A tree of life is carved on the porch of love. The four towers on the front correspond to one disciple (Matthias, Barnabas, Yuda and Simon).

Gaudi chose this facade to shape the structure and decoration of the whole church. He knows very well that he can't wait until the church is completed, so he must leave some examples of art and architecture for future generations. He chose this facade to be built first because it is the most attractive and close to the public. He believes that if we start with the facade of suffering, it will give people a cold and naked feeling, so that people will stay away from it before the facade of birth begins to be built. Compared with the ornate birth facade, the crucifixion facade is more concise, consisting of a large number of exposed stones with striking lines, similar to the bones on the skeleton. In order to show the suffering and suffering of Jesus, the facade aims to depict human sins. The construction of the facade is based on the design drawings and guidance left by Gaudi to future generations, starting from 1954. The tower on the facade was completed at 1976. 1987, under the leadership of Yue Se Suvi Rasis, a group of sculptors began to carve many scenes and details on it. Their goal is to trigger a very expressive effect through rigid forms of expression. Gaudi's design intention is to make the facade bring fear to tourists. Through "destroying" the arc and "cutting off" the pillar, with the cooperation of light and shadow, the depth and cruelty of Jesus' suffering are further demonstrated.

Towards the sunset, which symbolizes and implies the death of Jesus, the crucifixion facade is supported by six huge pillars like inclined redwood trees, with a pyramid-shaped triangular lintel consisting of eight bone-shaped pillars at the top and a crown consisting of crosses and thorns at the top. The four towers represent a disciple (James, Thomas, Philip and bartholomew). Similar to the birth front, the suffering front has three porches, each representing one of the three virtues.

The scene carved on the facade can be divided into three stages, arranged in an "S" shape, showing the "bitter road" of Jesus. The bottom layer comes from the eve of crucifixion, the middle layer describes the day of crucifixion, and the third layer describes the burial and resurrection of Jesus. Connecting the two towers representing Thomas and bartholomew is a bronze statue symbolizing the ascension of Jesus. Since 2002, the largest and most striking glory facade has been built. The glory facade will be the main facade of the three facades, from which you can directly enter the nave. The facade shows the experience of Jesus' ascension: death, final judgment and glory, while hell is reserved for those who go against God's will. Realizing that he couldn't wait for the day when the church was completed, Gaudi made a model of the church, which was destroyed at 1936, but the fragments of the model provided the foundation for the construction of the facade. The facade of the building will involve the demolition of the block of Church South Street. The stairs on the glory facade will continue the underground passage and be built from the original site of the street with decorations symbolizing hell and sin. There will be seven stone pillars on the porch of the facade, symbolizing spiritual gifts. There will be symbols of seven deadly sins at the bottom of the column, and symbols of seven virtues at the top. Sagrada Familia Church is designed as a Latin cross with five corridors. The vault of the middle hall is 45 meters high and the vault of the side hall is 30 meters high. Cross wings have three corridors. The column spacing is 7.5 meters. Because the design interval based on Bilyal is slightly different, the design of some columns is adjusted in the cloister, so that the distribution of columns in the plan is horseshoe-shaped. At the intersection of the cross structure are four porphyry columns, which support a huge hyperboloid structure and are surrounded by twelve hyperboloids (still under construction). The arc-shaped roof in the center of Sagrada Familia is 60 meters high, and there is a hyperboloid dome with a height of 75 meters on the semi-circular back hall. Gaudi's design intention is that visitors standing at the main entrance can directly see the vaults of the middle hall, the cross and the back hall; So the height of the vault rises in turn.

The inner column is Gaudi's unique design work. In addition to furcation to further support weight, their ever-changing surface texture is the result of various geometric combinations. The most typical example is that the columns with square bottom become octagonal, hexagonal and round with the increase of height, which is the product of three-dimensional splicing of spiral columns.

The surface of various structures in the church is uneven, and the interior decoration is comprehensive and rich. Most abstract shapes consist of smooth curves and jagged nodes. Even the detailed design, such as the iron railing of the stairs, has been treated with beautiful curves.

Gaudi skillfully uses light effects to enhance the appeal and solemnity of Sagrada Familia Cathedral. He once said that color is a moving part of life and a unique feature of Sagrada Familia. Many small elements that make the finishing touch on the towers and roofs are mosaics made of Venetian glass and painted with colored glaze. The internal light and shadow effect is not only the reflection of various building materials such as stones, but also because of many symbolic decorations, such as stained glass and so on. Organ in 20 10, an organ was installed in the inner hall of the church. The organ has 26 beats (1492 tubes), 2 keys and 1 pedal.

In order to overcome the unique acoustic challenges brought by the architectural design and large-scale of the church, several additional organs will be installed in other positions in the church. These organs can be played independently (with the help of their own consoles) or simultaneously (with the help of movable consoles), and there are about 8,000 sound tubes when they are all completed.