On the advantages and disadvantages of China's ancient policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce.

1) The policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce played a positive role in the development of agriculture and social economy at that time and the consolidation of the new landlord class regime in the early feudal society. Taking Shang Yang's political reform as an example, it can be explained that Shang Yang's political reform actively promoted the agricultural war policy, adopted various means to implement the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce, encouraged the development of agricultural production, promoted the continuous strengthening of Qin's economic strength, and laid a material foundation for Qin Shihuang's later unification of the six countries.

(2) safeguarding the agricultural labor force and promoting the development of agricultural production,

(3) It is conducive to stabilizing the feudal rule order and consolidating the feudal rule.

Disadvantages:

1, the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining business" also led to the continuous annexation of land by landlords and bureaucrats, which made the land highly concentrated, and farmers went bankrupt and exiled, which affected the development of agricultural production, intensified class contradictions and led to the continuous outbreak of peasant uprisings. Due to the crazy annexation of land, the landlord bureaucracy is also more corrupt.

2. The Qing government continued to implement the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce, set up numerous barriers at home, imposed heavy taxes on past commodities, restricted the scale of handicraft production and prohibited overseas trade, all of which seriously hindered the development of commodity economy. Under the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business, the money exploited by businessmen is often used to buy land, which directly affects the expansion and reproduction of handicrafts and makes the embryonic development of capitalism in China very slow and difficult.