What are the interrogative forms of Korean corpora?

(a) What is a style of speech?

Style of speech, i.e., the style of language expression, refers to the type of language style established on the basis of the function of language expression. Language style is suitable for a certain type of language environment (context), serving a certain field of communication, with certain linguistic features of the functional variants of speech, it is the use of language to adapt to the different needs of communication and the historical formation of the language style.

Language styles are usually divided into two categories: oral language styles and written language styles, each of which can also be divided into its subordinate types. Different corpora are characterized by different rhetorical styles. Oral language is adapted to the needs of oral communication and the formation of its rhetorical style is characterized by easy, natural, not deliberately carved, the structure and organization of the language has jumped.?

Written language is adapted to the needs of written communication and its rhetorical style is characterized by elegance, standardization, and careful processing, and the language pays attention to the structure and clarity of the structure. The higher the cultural quality of a nation, the smaller the gap between the two types of language styles; the lower the cultural quality, the larger the gap between the two types of language styles ...

Written languages are characterized by elegance, standardization, careful processing, and structural integrity.

Language and style are both related and different. Their connection is manifested in the fact that a certain style of writing requires a corresponding style of speech, otherwise it will appear incongruous. Their differences are: first, the body of speech and written body of speech, generally speaking, oral body of speech and style is obviously not the same thing. Secondly, as far as the written style is concerned, it is also different from the literary style. Style refers to the genre of the article, is the form of expression of the article, for example, certain transactional style requires a certain format, it is clear that this is not a matter of language; the style of speech refers to the system of use of language materials, which involves phonetics, vocabulary, grammar and other linguistic factors.?

(ii) the characteristics of various types of oral corpora?

Oral corpora are one of the two major types of corpora, which are relative to written corpora, and it is the basis of written corpora. Oral language as a typical form of spoken language, with a wide range of oral use, the vividness of the communication process, the abbreviation of language expression and variability and other characteristics. It consists of two categories: "one-way monologue" and "two-way conversation", each of which consists of two subtypes: "one-way monologue" and "two-way conversation", each of which consists of two subtypes.

1. One-way monologue?

One-way monologue is a kind of speaking style in which the speaker and the listener do not change roles instantly during a long speaking activity carried out by one person or one party. It consists of two types of speeches and lectures.?

(1) Transactional spoken form - speech? Speech is generally used in formal social occasions, it is communicated to the affairs of the discourse content, the speaker to calmly elaborate the expression as a means to seek acceptance and understanding of the audience for the purpose. Speech can be a prepared active speech, can also be no prior preparation of impromptu speech. From the point of view of language expression, speaking this oral body generally has three characteristics: first, with the ceremonial, pay attention to the identity of the audience, pay attention to the coordination of the relationship with the audience; second, with a brief, concise speech, pay attention to the degree of acceptability and timeliness, generally speaking, the audience will not be bored with the wonderful speeches, or else the longer the effect of the speech will be the worse; third, with a wonderful, the speech of the The content of the speech should be of concern to people, the choice of words and sentences should be as wonderful as possible, attractive. For example:?

November 1991, the Chinese film "Golden Rooster Award" and "Hundred Flowers Award" announced in Beijing at the same time, Li Xuejian because of the starring role of "Jiao Yulu" and at the same time to obtain the two awards, "Best Actor Award". "Li Xuejian won the Best Actor Award for his role in Jiao Yulu. Li Xuejian made an impromptu speech at the awards ceremony, and he used two short sentences in the form of contrast and couplet to express his mood and feelings: "Suffering and tiredness all let a good man - Jiao Yulu suffered; Fame and profit all let a silly boy - Li Xuejian got. -Li Xuejian." His words were met with thunderous applause.

His speech was both ceremonial, brief and wonderful three characteristics, not only focusing on the degree of acceptability and timeliness, coordinated with the audience's relationship, but also a careful choice of words, sentences and rhetorical methods, the use of contrasting expressions, in the praise of Jiao Yulu's noble qualities at the same time, humbly expressed their own feelings of shame, and a sense of humor, leaving a good and deep impression. impression.

(2) Elegant Spoken Form - Speech? Speech is usually used for public gathering occasions, it is to declare the main idea for the discourse content, the speaker to propaganda, agitation of the language expression as a means. To seek as many people as possible in favor and acceptance as the purpose. Speech can be well prepared in advance of the premeditated speech, can also be due to chance factors and induced impromptu speech. From the point of view of language expression, speech this oral body generally has two characteristics:

First, with the rationality, speech is a higher level of one-way oral expression, elaboration and expression of the content is not necessarily very brief, the use of words and sentences to be accurate and rigorous, logical;

Second, with the mobilization of the choice of words, sentences and rhetoric, and with the help of some artistic means and techniques to stimulate the audience to the audience, and the use of words, sentences, and the use of words. Some artistic means and techniques to stimulate the attention of the audience, affect the audience's attitude, stimulate the audience's emotions, cause the audience's **** Ming. For example:?

Meet the time not to harbor talent?

Young friends: among our young people, it is easiest to see the people who do not meet the talent, it is easiest to hear the words that do not meet the talent, a lot of people look at the world with a cold eye, skimming the hero. I can't help but ask, are we really unrecognized? In Lu Xun's writings, there is a kind of people who "die of hatred". While they talk about not being able to realize their talents, those who have money go on a whoring and gambling spree, and those who do not have money drink dozens of bowls of wine. Mr. Kao questioned them, "Can you carry a four-catty load? Can you walk the three-mile road?" We might as well ask ourselves, "Can you carry a four-catty load? "We might as well ask ourselves: What can I do? What have I done? It is the misfortune of the times to be unrecognized, and it is the sorrow of the individual to be unrecognized. However, Confucius does not meet, a master of the fame of no one dares to replace; Qu Yuan does not meet, May Dragon Boat Festival of nostalgia for all time; Li Bai does not meet, do wine a hundred pieces of talent penetrate the history of ...... regrets to regrets, achievements are still heavy. It seems that the ability to two or three two, arrogance four or five pounds, put on a look of unrecognized talent is neither elegant, nor fashionable. When encountering unrecognized talent, we should honestly admit that we are not unrecognized talent, but unrecognized talent. It is now the era of economic warfare, and there is no need for the false sigh of "I hate not being born in a warring state". It is often said that the world is facing three major crises, namely, the ecological crisis, the demographic crisis and the energy crisis. In fact, there is another crisis in the world that should also attract attention, which is the talent crisis. No wonder some people call the talent crisis the world's fourth major crisis. The practice of market economy has proved that who has the talent, who has the advantage of development, quality and efficiency. You can't see, the recruitment advertisements are all over the place, the recruitment envoys are like shuttle, the exchange of the event one after another. Talent, more and more hot, the conditions are very favorable: to the house, to the title, to the treatment, to the conditions. The market is a natural equalizer, the more knowledge the more useful, the stronger the ability to earn more money. The question is, do you dare to apply for the job? Maybe you don't need to apply for the job, in this post is not without the opportunity to prove themselves. Writing books, inventing, reforming and innovating, increasing revenue and saving money, you can do it all. What is talent? Anyone who has contributed to the progress of society with his or her specialties in a certain field is a talent. At the same time, those who have an empty diploma and no real learning, can brag but not do the work of the people, think they have talent but can not prove the people, can not be called talent. Confucius cloud: "do not suffer from no position, but suffer so stand." Do not suffer from lack of opportunity, but from lack of talent. How well this is said! When you do not meet the talent, you can not make do something together, boring to muddle through. A lot of young friends than the top of the life is not enough, than the bottom of the surplus, can not be called a full man, but also is not a hungry ghost. Mouth: "live is not to do, money is to take, transfer is not to go, discipline is to make trouble." In fact, the psychological activity is quite complex, yearning for the pot, but also can not afford to bowl; not satisfied with the bowl, but also do not have the courage to fight for the pot. In the sense of superiority and sense of loss in the gap between dry eyes, swallow spittle. I see these friends, either settle down, do their jobs well, and strive to achieve something, or "a strong man never return", "difficult to pay the sea is also a hero". Anyway, we can't make do, we can't muddle through. Also, when you are not talented, don't anesthetize yourself with the excuse that "people over thirty don't learn the art". Yes, with the development of the economy, some knowledge appreciation, some knowledge depreciation. I am a student of history, and I once thought that one could not afford not to know history, but as a profession, it is very sad. Coincidentally, a colleague of mine is also a graduate of the Department of Philosophy of Peking University, and he said to me: one cannot not know philosophy, but it is pathetic as a specialty. So I thought, we already know what we can't not know, and then learn something applicable according to the need, won't it be like a tiger with wings? What's more, those who don't have a specialty still do great things, don't they? Specialization just for the development of people to provide a foundation, but the development of society by leaps and bounds, ever-changing, in order not to change will be eliminated, to be left out. The rigid dogma and obsolete knowledge as a stock that only rises and does not fall, in the market economy continues to develop today, still as an authority, connoisseur of the identity of self-importance, fantasizing that without half the effort to share the dividends of economic development in a big way, this can only be ridiculous and pathetic daydreaming.

Friends, the reason why successful people seem to shine brightly is because you yourself are huddled in the shadows. Come out, young friends, stride forward. Show your hand and build a career in the big stage of socialist market economy. However, there is an annoying feeling that will be with you - you, never harbor enough talent! Thank you all!

Here is an excerpt from a speech in which the speaker uses propaganda and agitation in the language of expression, and chooses wonderful words and sentences to cause the audience's ****.

2. Two-way conversational speaking style?

Two-way conversational style of speaking is in the two or more parties directly involved in the immediate interactive speaking activities, the speaker and the listener can be at any time between the roles of the role of the body of a kind of speaking. It includes both conversational and argumentative types.?

(1) Everyday Spoken Language - Conversation? Conversation can be used in formal occasions, can also be used in informal occasions, it is to exchange views or exchange of feelings for the content of the words, the talker to interact to convey information as a means of verbal expression, in order to obtain the two sides or more for the purpose of communication. Can be no fixed serious purpose of casual conversation (such as gossip, chat), can also be a fixed serious purpose of the question and answer (such as the organization and the conversation between individuals). From the point of view of language expression, talking about this oral body generally has two characteristics:

First, to focus on the same, to talk about *** with the same concern, can not be answered, do not wheel words to turn back, it is best to talk about the depth or breadth;

Second, to be flexible and comfortable, the attitude should be frank, to choose the words and sentences suitable for the oral expression of the words and sentences fluent and comfortable to express. For example:?

A: Since ancient times, there has been the saying that "a man is talented and a woman is beautiful", so it can be seen that the evaluation of a woman's merits, people are more in favor of the appearance of a beautiful woman is always pleasing to the eye.

B: I don't think you can judge a person by his or her appearance, the evaluation of the beauty of a person should include the appearance and the heart of the two aspects of the evaluation of the female can not be an exception, the appearance of the female beauty of course, but compared with the beauty of the heart, I think the beauty of the heart is more important.

C: I also think that the beauty of appearance is not as important as the beauty of the heart, simple appearance of beauty is a stage, beauty can not be sustained, it will decay, even if it is a beautiful woman, there will always be a time when people are old and yellow. Beauty is not a lifelong companion, but the beauty of the soul is permanent, the beauty of the appearance only depends on the beauty of the soul, can really shine.

A: Listening to you guys say this, I also think it makes sense. I would like to make an analogy, the appearance of beauty is like an item of fine packaging, its value lies in the items can be more attractive and usher in a straight sense of like, with the appearance of the beauty of the woman is also the case, she can earlier cause the attention of the outside, give people a good impression of the initial, but whether it is a thing or a person, if there is no inner beauty contained in which to open the beautiful packaging after the present is the ugly core. "The first time I've seen this, I've seen it, and I've seen it, and I've seen it, and I've seen it, and I've seen it, and I've seen it, and I've seen it.

B: I would like to add that the beauty of appearance is congenital, it can only belong to a part of the people, or even a small part of the people, the world's beauty is always not much, but has a beautiful heart of the people is not the number of limitations, because the beauty of the heart is acquired, as a person's ability, is the same as the education of the cultivation of the people can be through the efforts of all of them to have it. What's more, human beings are social animals, and the value orientation of human society recognizes more the acquired acquisition.

C: This time I finally understand: the person who only has the beauty of appearance but not the beauty of heart, in fact, she is not beautiful at all; the person who does not have the beauty of appearance but has the beauty of heart, in fact, she is also very beautiful; the person who has both the beauty of appearance and the beauty of heart, then, she does have the beauty that makes people fall in love with her; the person who has neither the beauty of appearance nor the beauty of heart, then, we have to say that she is really unattractive.?

The above is a conversation between three college students about "female beauty", focusing on the same, frank attitude, talking about *** with the same concern, and talk about a certain depth and breadth. A first put forward the traditional understanding of women's beauty, B then put forward the evaluation of women's beauty, the correct standard, C further emphasized that we should pay attention to the beauty of the heart, A and the analogy that should not unilaterally pursue the beauty of the appearance, B is further from the innate and acquired perspective in-depth discussion of the value of the heart of the value of the beauty of the last, C further deepen the understanding of the relationship between the beauty of the appearance of the beauty of the heart, pointing out that the most beautiful, beautiful, not beautiful, not beautiful, not beautiful at all, and not beautiful. and not beautiful, and not beautiful at all, in order to reach a **** understanding.

(2) argumentative spoken form - argumentative? Argumentation can be used in formal occasions (such as court debates), can also be used in informal occasions (such as quarrels in life), it is to argue right and wrong or distinction between good and evil for the content of the discourse, the arguer to refute and refute the expression as a means to persuade or subdue the other party for the purpose. Argumentation is a form of two-way oral expression at a higher level than conversation, such as life argumentation, official argumentation, and competition argumentation. From the point of view of language expression, this oral argument generally has two characteristics: First, the language is accurate and concise, the use of words to strive to be accurate and appropriate, and the choice of sentences to strive to be concise and fluent; Second, the expression of logic, whether it is to refute the other side or their own side of the refutation should be cut into the reasoning of the impeccable. For example:? The First International Chinese Tertiary Debate Final Summary of both sides of the debate transcripts? (Singapore, August 29, 1993)? Chairman (Lai Hok Ping): "Welcome back to the debate. Welcome back to the debate, we now invite the fourth representative of the opposing side, Mr. Jiang Changjian, to make a four-minute summary speech. (Applause)? Jiang Changjian (Third year of Master's Program, Department of International Politics, Fudan University): ? Thank you all. A serious debate forum needs a serious concept. The other side has repeatedly asked us how about human nature? How about human nature? He has never asked us how human nature is. I would like to ask the other side: What is human nature and what is human nature are the same concept? If you do not even have a foundation for this concept, then where does your argument come from? We have asked each other many times how evil fruits are produced from good flowers, and the other side says that watering and fertilizing are necessary. I don't understand why there are so many crimes all over the world if everyone is blessed with this sunshine and rain? Is this water and that fertilizer still the only thing that matters? Why do we have to kiss the evil one goodbye? (laughter, applause) Today, in our quest for truth, we're going to discuss with each other a topic that has been discussed for thousands of years. Whether it is from the theory of goodness of nature, Mencius, or from the theory of badness of nature, Xunzi, which family or school of thought does not want us to suppress evil and promote goodness? Suppressing evil and promoting good is the fundamental starting point for our position today. I will now summarize our views once again.

First, only by recognizing that human nature is inherently evil can we face up to history and reality. When I look back on history, my heart always trembles with pain. From the Hippocratic War to the Crusades, from Hitler's Auschwitz to the Japanese bacteriological testing ground in North China, it can be said that "pornography and greed go hand in hand, and ambition*** violence is the same color." The past history of mankind can be said to be intertwined with the smoke and iron blood that unfolded to satisfy the infinite greed of mankind! It can be seen that the intrinsically evil human nature, if left unchecked, will bring what to this world?

Secondly, it is only by recognizing the inherent evil of human nature that we can attach importance to the role of morality and law in educating people, and to the results of human civilization in fostering a sound and upwardly mobile personality. In the history of the bumps in the middle, human beings did not take their own demise. Especially in the face of the courteous and friendly friends of Singapore, we have all the more reason to believe that mankind will be better off tomorrow, and we have Singapore to thank for its tireless efforts in building up their excellent social education system. Human civilization thrives on the light of human wisdom. In this way, we are indebted to the Chinese and Western philosophers who sweated their way through the path of human civilization. It is because from their theoretical wisdom, from their physical behavior, people may be from the external coercion on the rational self-discipline, self-discipline of human nature of evil, so as to cultivate a sound and good personality. Visible , human nature is evil, does not mean that people become evil for life, as long as through the social indoctrination system can abandon the evil and promote the good, the nature of the pseudo ah!

Third, only to understand the human nature of evil, in order to mobilize all means of social indoctrination to promote good and avoid evil. Time passes, the passing of time , in the material and scientific and technological progress by leaps and bounds at the same time, and the spiritual home of mankind can be described as flowers and fruits. At this time, we have to be vigilant, the basic proposition that human nature is evil. Happily, in the East, we say that the development of traditional culture has begun to move towards a new spring from the first sun to the second. We also believe that through the essence of traditional culture, mankind will be enabled to reasonably restrain and guide itself from uncontrolled desires, to move from self-discipline to self-discipline, and from law enforcement to legislation. It is only then that mankind may be able to pull back the tide and help the building to fall. "The night has given me black eyes, but I am destined to use them to find light!" Thank you all! (Applause)?

Chairman (Lai Xue-ping):? Thank you, Mr. Jiang Changjian. Finally, we ask the fourth representative of the positive side, Mr. Wang Xinguo, to summarize his speech, and the time is also four minutes. (Applause)?

Wang Hsin-kuo (second year, Department of Philosophy, National Taiwan University): ? Hello everyone! Let's go back to the world of evil constructed by the other side to see what is going on in this world. By telling us that human nature is inherently evil, the other side has made three major mistakes. The first mistake is the mistake of generalizing from the laws of empirical fact. The other apologist cites many evil things in the world and tells us that therefore human nature is inherently evil, which is wrong! Why? The other side's argument tells us that we have desires, and that human beings come from desires. But we think that our side has already argued that there are good and bad desires, today I like you, I want to marry you, is this a bad desire? So in the end we know that the other apologist today is seeing evil in the world, certain evils, and then telling us that human nature is evil. So why is the other apologist ignoring the good deeds that are presented on the factual side of experience? There are many good deeds in this world, you must have heard of them, someone falls on the ground and you help him up, you give up your seat to an elderly person in a car, or, you must have also heard of the instruction of John Doe. Are these not good deeds in this world? This is the first major mistake made by the other apologist.?

The second major mistake that the other apologist makes is the mistake of reversing the cause for the effect. The opposing apologist borrows a law of empirical fact to tell us that we have the effect of evil, so deriving evil is the cause. If this is true, what do we find to be the case? Every human being is evil, especially when the opposing apologist is telling us that we need to be educated, morally educated, and how do you go about doing that? Every man is evil, and from this comes the true law, and the law that is made is the good law? Evil people make evil laws. If you lay down the law, how do you follow it, and everyone is evil, why should I trust you, as if everyone is in this place, why should I trust you? You might be cheating me, so all of us here put on masks. Everyone deceives and hoodwinks each other, and such a world is constructed by the other apologist. He is telling us that because of our desires we have constructed a world of evil.

What is the third mistake the other apologist makes? He tells us that the nature of human nature is desire, and we don't even know that, as we have argued from the beginning, human nature is the human heart. Mencius tells us, "Man has a four-terminal heart." It is a seed of goodness, and we have never denied saying that there is no evil in the world. Just because you have a seed of goodness, it doesn't necessarily follow that you won't have evil behavior. Why? We have discovered that because of the external environment, because of the lack of resources, we human beings have no choice but to commit some evil acts to hurt others in an invisible way. Therefore, our education and law lies in correcting human behavior. If it is evil behavior according to what the other apologist tells us, why do you correct it? Human nature is inherently evil, and the result of human correction is still back to the original. Our human beings are inherently good because we know that every human being has a heart for the good, and so through morality, through education, through law, it is possible for him to be transformed into good. The function of education and law is to counsel, to counsel him on the path of goodness, and so education thrives in this place. The other side cited an example to tell us how primitive man burned, killed and plundered, and how primitive man made a terrible mess of life and death. What we are telling you is that the desire of primitive man to survive in the beginning is to be distinguished from his nature. Because when you say there are five people in a state of hunger at the same time, and there is a piece of bread over there, and one person runs over to eat it, at this time there is absolutely no one who would use morality to criticize him. Because at this time survival stands above morality. How can you talk about morality when you don't have a personal life, when you don't have the desire to live? So that condition of primitive man is an animal instinct. (Applause.) Therefore, the beginning of the other side's mistake is to tell us that human nature is desire, if it is really desire, how can human beings be distinguished from animals? The difference between man and animal is that the self is a matter of the heart. That is why we have said that there are good seedlings in human beings. Today the other side of the defense told us that it is all sunshine and rain, there is nothing wrong! But there are winds and rains, and because of your winds and rains and your external environment, you will of course commit evil acts. So, we have to correct him, so that he can move towards the goodness of the world. So, let's look at the occurrence of all the good deeds in the world! Historically, empirically and factually, we find that throughout the ages, men and women have killed themselves for good, and so on and so forth. And now, Mother Teresa, etc., etc., etc., and even said, the continent of Anhui water shortage, Zheng Yan Venerable Master's acts of charity, the other side of the defense how to explain it? Mencius told us: "See the child, fell down the well", in such a moment you will save him, you can not push him down. Why? People are good by nature. Don't tell me that you saved that little child for the sake of fame. It turns out that you crossed the street to obey the traffic rules you had no choice, you were false. It turns out that Mother Theresa saved you and that was a lie. In the end, you realize that only the sharks in the shallow bay are a great kindness. （What a world, what a world of horrors, a world that exists because we are good. Thank you! (Applause)