Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - What were the moral standards of the scholars in the Spring and Autumn period besides letting, loyalty and faith?

What were the moral standards of the scholars in the Spring and Autumn period besides letting, loyalty and faith?

One of the most important cultural phenomena during the Spring and Autumn Period was the rise of the "scholarly class", and during the Spring and Autumn Period, "rites and music were in tatters," and "academics were shifting downward. During the Spring and Autumn period, the "Ritual collapse" and "Academic downward mobility" contributed to the continuous development of the scholarly class. A large number of scholars seized the opportunity to run around and set off a wave of ideas. In this paper, we will 敬、仁、让、忠、信five aspects to explain the moral standards of the scholars in the Spring and Autumn Period.

First, the foundation of all things

Jing, its original meaning is respectful, dignified. The meaning of respect is to be respectful and dignified. Respect is not only a kind of behavior, but also an inner attitude. We often associate "respect" with "respect". As the saying goes, "in the appearance of respect, in the heart of respect", the object of respect is very wide, especially in the ancient hierarchical society more emphasis on respect, which has a close connection with the relationship between the ruler and the minister, and other virtues.

The role of ties

Ancient times was a hierarchical society, the most important thing was the concept of inferiority and superiority, and respect, which happens to be the link between the good relations between the ruler and the ministers. "The guardian of the official abolition of life, not respect", "respect so that the orders also", "ordered not to move for respect", "death is not forgetting the king, respect also ", accepting the king's order in the official position and revering the king's order from the inside, these are the remembrance of the monarch.

Scholars in the Spring and Autumn period became the most dazzling star of the political stage in the Spring and Autumn period, they were for some ambitious lord or advice, or lead the army to battle, or straight advice, and all this needs a "respect". Honor is the bond that balances the relationship between the two sides.

Foundation

Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, and trust, which are often referred to as the good virtues, and these are generated with respect as the foundation. Reverence, also a kind of prudence, is the emotional connotation of all virtues.

"Going out as a guest, undertaking as a sacrifice, the rule of benevolence", seriousness and prudence is a major feature of respect. Speaking of respect, we must have the standard of benevolence, without respect there is no benevolence. "A gentleman honors with straightness within, righteousness with squareness outside, honor and righteousness stand and virtue is not alone," expressing inner sincerity with seriousness, and regulating one's behavior in a proper way, one is inner, the other is outer performance, and honor can be better expressed through righteousness.

"Ritual, the stem of the state, and respect, the rites and also." 敬, is the essence of the ritual, people have a reverence for things, there is a respect for the attitude will be treated with respect, no respect is difficult to have a ritual.

"The heart has fear, the line has a stop". Respect, is the foundation of everything, but it is not just stay on the surface, it is inner spiritual power and emotional connotation of the support.

Soul Role

China has been a state of etiquette since ancient times, and modesty and courtesy are also traditional virtues of the Chinese nation.

We have all heard of the story of Kong Rong giving up his pear, which is a good example of humility and courtesy, and has been widely circulated in the later generations, and this little story has become the best example of educating children to understand etiquette and humility. There are many examples of humility and courtesy in the later generations influenced by this idea.

For example, the famous "Six Feet Lane". That year, "A thousand miles of letters are only for the wall, so what's the harm in letting him have three feet? The Great Wall of China still exists today, but I don't see the Qin Shi Huang of that year." This poem makes the spirit of honoring and letting go better inherited.

The famous "Six Feet Lane" in the Qing Dynasty was infected by the spirit of respect and letting, so the spirit of respect and letting in the Spring and Autumn Period will not be lacking. Reverence is the soul of letting, and there is respect before letting.

II. Personality Sentiments

Let, is a courtesy, is a kind of modesty, restraint, do not compete, respect, friendly attitude, it is a noble personality sentiments.

During the Spring and Autumn period, "the rites of passage and the music are broken", all the lords are in the wide acceptance of the wise, want to realize the unification of the world's hegemony, so there is "the rites of passage" situation.

Qiqi was the first to be recognized by the Chinese government.

There is a historical anecdote about Duke Huan of Qi, who summoned a talented man named Ji to meet with him, but he was not allowed to do so even though he went there three times a day. The people who followed him advised Duke Huan of Qi not to go any more, but Duke Huan of Qi said, "If a ruler despises other rulers, then he will despise his subjects. It is fine for Ji to despise all rich people, but how dare I despise the rulers of other kingdoms".

It was only because Duke Huan of Qi wanted to recruit a talented man like JI that he went out of his way to be courteous to him. It was this gesture that eventually impressed JI as well. Scholars during the Spring and Autumn period all wanted to meet a ruler who loved and cherished talent, so Duke Huan of Qi's action won the heart of the talented man, just like "When the Duke of Zhou spits out food, the whole world returns to his heart" in general.

"The base of virtue is to be humble and to let." Let, whether monarchs, scholars, or ordinary people need to have a "spirit". It is only with the spirit of Let that one can better understand Ren.

"To be able to give up one's country to another, is benevolence greater than that", meaning to be able to give up one's country to another, is there a greater benevolence than that? Let, can win the harmony, protect the people live in the home, maintain the stability of the country, more can promote the spirit of humility.

"To benefit the world and not to benefit oneself is the ultimate in benevolence." By benefiting the people of the world and not benefiting oneself, benevolence has been achieved. Zen transfer, as we know it, is not a simple passing of the throne,but an act that benefits the happiness of the people.

Taking a step back and letting go is a kind of personality sentiment, which should also be the realm pursued by countless scholars. There is a spirit of letting in one's heart before one truly understands the meaning of benevolence.

Three, personality independence

Ren, its object is also very broad, is the source of morality of the scholar. It can be extended to "filial piety" to relatives, "friendship" to friends, "loyalty" to the monarch and the state, "benevolence" to the people. "benevolence" to the people, etc..

The Shuo Wen says: "Ren, affinity also", indeed, people with benevolence will give people a sense of affinity, and at the same time there is benevolence shows the strength of the spirit of independent personality. The scholars of the Spring and Autumn Period all took moral character as their highest pursuit,to achieve such an independent character, they had to fulfill numerous moral behaviors.

And "to be fortunate in disaster, is not benevolent", "to repay kindness with hatred, is not benevolent", and "to love without seeking to grow, is not benevolent"

These are all unkind. strong>These are all examples of unkindness, and they all involve a lack of empathy and compassion, a lack of gratitude and respect, and selfishness. As the saying goes, "It is unkind to be shabby because of the strength of others", If a person lacks moral feelings, then it is difficult for him to produce moral behavior.

One day, a disciple of Confucius asked Confucius:"If benevolence and virtue conflict with life, what should be done?" Confucius replied seriously:"No true aspirant would jeopardize benevolence and righteousness by being greedy for life, and should give up his life in order to fulfill benevolence and righteousness." Ren, above all, is about action, practicing the spirit within with action.

Ren, does not stop at the love of kinship, but more importantly the love of country. "A house does not sweep how to sweep the world", the first benevolent love of relatives, and then benevolent love of the country, the people, is the most important thing that the scholar should do. There is benevolence in the heart before there is loyalty.

Four, public and private

Loyalty is also, one of its heart is also. Loyalty is the virtue of being consistent and doing one's best, a distinction between public and private affairs, and a moral code and moral judgment. During the Spring and Autumn period, the phenomenon of "the collapse of etiquette and the destruction of music" did not occur in every dynasty, and as the saying goes, "you can't afford to lose it, but you can't afford to lose it again. to seize the opportunity to build a career.

And in this process, loyalty to the king, loyalty to the country, loyalty to the people are essential. It is only when there is benevolence that there is loyalty, and when a man's heart is filled with benevolence, he will be practically loyal to his cause.

Shuo Wen: "loyal, respect is also, the heart is said to be loyal", people have to do the wholeheartedly responsible is the specific expression of loyalty. The son said: "Residence Christine, the executive respect, and people loyal. Although there are barbarians and diasporas, they can not be abandoned." On a regular basis, whether at home or at work, can do their best, do not slack off, treating people with sincerity, this is the basic principle of being a human being, but also in real life on the best way to practice loyalty.

Loyalty, the solidity of the gods. Loyalty is of the utmost importance whenever and wherever it is found. Scholars are loyal and selfless to serve the country and the people. The country and the people can be said to be the complex that haunted the hearts of the scholars during the Spring and Autumn Period, and even in the face of difficulties, they should not abandon the country and the people. With loyalty and righteousness in one's heart, one has faith in support.

V. Faith in the heart

"Want to believe in the world", the letter is the most valuable treasure in people's lives, is a moral cultivation, but also the treasure of the country. A person who is loyal to the ruler and serves the country, has benevolence and righteousness, is humble and courteous, and is honest and trustworthy will be honored and reused, and moreover, will leave glorious deeds in the history. The monarch must speak faithfully to his subjects, and the subjects must speak faithfully to the monarch, the state, and the people, and by establishing faith in each other, the state will prosper.

When we mention faith, the first thing that comes to mind is honesty. Shuo Wen said: "letter, sincere also", "Rui: to jade for the letter", integrity of the person's words are like jade general real. Honesty, is everyone must have the quality, but also everyone is most likely to lose . "Faith to keep the vessel", "Faith to keep the rite", "Faith to keep the thing". Don't forget to set up your faith, and you will be successful when you do.

  • Related articles

copyright 2024 Traditional Culture Encyclopedia All rights reserved