How to recognize the "filial piety" education in Chinese feudal society

Filial piety is a very important moral code in traditional Chinese society and a traditional virtue honored by the Chinese nation. In Chinese traditional moral code, filial piety has a special status and role, and has become a fine tradition of Chinese traditional culture.

Sun was the first ancient Chinese monarch to observe filial piety. Traditional Chinese culture is a filial piety culture centered on honoring parents. Legend has it that long ago there was a monarch in China named Shun. Shun was born into a poor family and lost his mother at a young age and his father was blind. His father was blind. Later, his father took a concubine and had a son named Xiang. From then on, his mother often mistreated Shun, and later even his father hated him. Whenever his parents were determined to kill him, Shun had to run away. But when his parents were sick and needed someone to take care of them, Shun came back to them and tried his best to serve his parents and even gave way to his younger brother. Shun's filial piety touched heaven and earth. When Shun was plowing the farmland in Alexandria, elephants came to help him plow the field and birds flew to sow seeds for him. Later, Emperor Yao found and promoted Shun, and asked Shun to assist him in managing state affairs. Shun worked under Yao for 28 years and served in various official positions, all of which were very competent. Finally, Yao passed the throne to Shun. Yao chose Shun as the heir to the throne because Shun was not only talented, but also a filial son. It can be seen that filial piety and respect for the elderly are regarded as the noblest virtues, and as a criterion for selecting officials, they have been passed down since ancient times, and have been inherited from generation to generation, throughout hundreds of generations.

As in the Zhou Dynasty, filial piety was regarded as a basic human virtue. At that time, the proposed "three virtues" [to virtue (Tao), Min De (line), filial piety virtue] "three lines" (learn filial piety line, in order to pro-parents; learn friends line, in order to respect the virtuous and good; learn obedience line, in order to serve the teacher and the head). It became the core content of social moral education; during the Spring and Autumn Period, the rituals were strengthened. In Zuo Zhuan, there are "six obedience": righteousness of the king, the minister, the father's charity, filial piety of the son, brother's love, brother's respect; Confucius inherited the ethical thinking of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and created a unique Confucian ethical and moral system with benevolence as the core. He created a private school that put filial piety at the top of the teaching list as the root of morality. He emphasized that "a gentleman is a man of principle, and when the principle is established, the way is born, and filial piety and fraternal duty are also the basis of benevolence"; Mencius developed Confucius' thought. Based on the theory of "human nature is good", Mencius put forward the concepts of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom (i.e. compassion, shame, resignation and right and wrong), filial piety, fraternal duty, loyalty and trust. Mencius said: "the world so-called unfiliality has five: inert its limbs, regardless of parental support, an unfiliality; game good desire wine, regardless of parental support, the second unfiliality; good goods and wealth, private wives, regardless of parental support, the third unfiliality; from the ears and eyes of the desire for parental killings, the fourth unfiliality; good courage to fight viciously, in order to jeopardize the parents, the five unfiliality"; Zhu Xi is the later Han Dynasty. Zhu Xi was the master of Confucianism in the Later Han Dynasty. Zhu Xi, on the basis of inheriting the traditional thinking of Confucianism, absorbing and integrating the ideas of Buddhism and Taoism, constituted a set of systematic, rigorous, philosophical moral education ideas, he proposed filial piety, fraternal duty, loyalty, faith, propriety, righteousness, integrity and shame. He put forward filial piety, fraternal duty, loyalty, faith, propriety, righteousness, integrity, and shame. He regarded "father and son have kinship, ruler and minister have righteousness, husband and wife have distinction, the young and the old are in order, and the friends have faith" as "the purpose of the Five Teachings". Zhu Xi divided school education into two stages: elementary school (8-15 years old) and university (after 16 years old), regardless of the elementary school and university, all of them aim at "understanding human relationships". He advocated that elementary school to learn "cleaning, response, in and out of the section", to comply with "filial piety, fraternal duty, loyalty, faith" and other moral norms. In the early 20th century, the bourgeois revolutionaries represented by Sun Yat-sen and Zhang Taiyan further put forward the slogans of "moral revolution" and "family revolution". In the early 20th century, the bourgeois revolutionaries represented by Sun Yat-sen and Zhang Taiyan further put forward the slogans of "moral revolution" and "family revolution. Sun Yat-sen put forward a moral code of eight virtues, such as "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, faith, justice and peace", which was re-selected and given a new content of democratism.

Summary, filial piety through a hundred generations, up and down five thousand years. Filial piety has become a fine tradition and core value that has been passed down from generation to generation of the Chinese nation. In order to maintain and form this tradition of filial piety, in the Zhou Dynasty, a large-scale "township drinking ceremony" was held once a year, aiming to honor the old and respect the wise. The ritual stipulated that those over 70 years of age were eligible to eat meat and enjoy the same courtesy as honoring the gods. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, an elderly person over 70 was exempted from the service of one son; an elderly person over 80 was exempted from the service of two sons; and an elderly person over 90 was exempted from the service of the whole family. In Chinese folklore, there are also grand ceremonial rites for the elderly. In folklore, 60-year-olds can receive birthday wishes from their children and grandchildren; in the court, the emperor himself presided over the rituals of honoring the elderly. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the emperor took the lead in advocating the ritual of honoring the elderly. Qing Dynasty years also held a large-scale activities to honor the elderly - a thousand birthday feast. Kangxi sixty-one years (1722) on the second day of the first month, in the Qianqing Palace feast for the elderly over 65 years old, *** there are 1020 people. At the banquet, the old man and Kangxi sat on an equal footing, and the royal son and grandson stood by and poured wine for the old man. Kang Xi also improvised a poem, called "Thousand Old Men Banquet Poetry". In order to protect the filial piety trend curing, successive emperors to take praise of filial piety, persuade people to filial piety of various initiatives. Han Wendi, ordered the world county sheriffs, selected filial piety and honesty, awarded to the official title; Sui and Tang dynasty began to implement the imperial examination system, are specifically set up filial piety and honesty section name. Throughout the feudal era, the Book of Filial Piety was the state's prescribed textbook and the basis for the examination and evaluation of the examination for the imperial examinations. From the time children entered school, they would read from the teaching materials "Three Character Classic" and "Disciple's Rules", "the first filial piety and fraternal duty, the second to see and hear". In addition, unfiliality was severely punished. The criminal law after the Sui and Tang dynasties included filial unfiliality among the "ten great evils" that were equivalent to plotting against the state and were not amnestied. Those who kill their parents have been executed by capital punishment throughout the ages. In the Ming law, any disobedience to parents that caused them to become angry was considered disobedience, and could be reported to the officials, who would beat them until they were sentenced to death. The popular saying, "If you hit your father and curse your mother, you will be struck by lightning," suggests that those who are unfilial are disdained by the world and are not tolerated by heaven and earth.

"All goodness and filial piety first", "the filial piety, the basis of virtue". Filial piety culture is the basic culture of traditional Chinese culture, "civil harmony, up and down no complaints", and is a harmonious culture, Chinese characteristics of culture. As a socialist society with Chinese characteristics should inherit this moral heritage, develop this fine tradition, and enrich the ethical spirit and moral norms of socialism with Chinese characteristics.