What is practical training ah, what does it do ah, is a term in the university

Practical training ----------- is the abbreviation for practical training of vocational skills, refers to the teaching and learning process in the state of control of the school, in accordance with the laws and objectives of personnel training, vocational and technical application of the ability to train students.

Specifically include the following: (

1) from the time and space, there are on-campus practical training and off-campus practical training, including teaching apprenticeship, teaching practical training and production practical training;

(2) from the form of points, there are skills appraisal to meet the standards of practical training and job quality to meet the standards of practical training, including the general skills of practical training and special skills of practical training;

(3) from the content of points, there are hands-on practical training and mental skills practical training. operating skills practical training and mental skills practical training; including comprehensive quality requirements (entrepreneurship and employability collectively referred to as cross-job competence) practical training.

The ultimate goal of practical training is to comprehensively improve the vocational quality of students, and ultimately to achieve the purpose of students satisfied with employment and enterprises satisfied with employment. Reasonable practical training education should be an important part of university education, but at present it has become the responsibility of social training institutions, corporate internal training.　Trainees: "Practical training education = employment"; for students, through practical training, on the one hand, you can increase practical experience; on the other hand, you can reduce the cost and risk of employment; increase employment opportunities; Practical training education for enterprises to cultivate practical staff, the nature of the students is not training but employment, so the market publicity to The essence of practical training education is not training but employment for the trainees, therefore, the market promotion is based on "employment", and the training process should be grafted with the enterprises.　"Practical training = Quality + Skill + Experience" "Practical training process = Reinforcement stage + Practical stage + Internship stage + (Employment stage)" Practical training teaching is to have a certain theoretical foundation of the students, in the business (vocational) coaches with many years of practical experience under the guidance of real conditions, and ultimately to achieve the enterprise's goals. Under the real conditions, the students can finally meet the requirements of the enterprises and obtain the nationally recognized vocational qualification certificate.　Real enterprise environment, strict enterprise management system, market-oriented project combat, is the three major elements necessary for practical training institutions.

Objectives

(1) Strive to reflect the real professional environment. Schools in the arrangement, layout of practical training places, should avoid the use of laboratory framework, students use the equipment, tools can only be able to close the occupation real. Due to the diversity of economic and occupational forms, the arrangement can generally take the way of less batch, multiple combinations.　(2) Emphasize the functional applicability and process standardization of practical training projects. Schools in the design of practical training programs should be clearly differentiated from experiments. For example, electrician experiments, generally using soft wires connected to measure the relevant physical quantities in the line to verify the correctness of a theorem or formula. The electrician practical training is not. Generally it gives the line should have a clear functional application, such as multi-storey residential lighting lines, robots line, machine tool control box of a part of the line, so that students understand the practical application of various types of circuits. At the same time, the practical training should require students to follow the electrician's code of practice for the selection of wires, accessories and wiring.　(3) Strengthen skill operation training. Higher vocational students of practical training courses can not be limited to the understanding of a particular skill, know, but should be the main skills to achieve independent operation and proficiency level. This requires a certain amount of accumulation, it is best to design and select certain typical products of the process. Such as the assembly of five-inch miniature television sets to train students in welding, debugging ability. The training of intellectual skills of higher vocational students is mainly in the maintenance, repair, testing and adjustment of intelligent and digital equipment, to achieve the purpose of learning by example and by touch. Therefore, in the school's training base, teachers should design (including the use of outsourcing special equipment) some easy to install and dismantle, fault setting, and can be restored in a timely manner of the project, but also to allow students to participate in the actual work of enterprises.　(4) The use of analog simulation software to improve the applicability and economy of practical training projects. With the development of electronic information technology, many industries have adopted digital and software-based technology for technical positions, such as circuit board design and production, the application of industrial controllers, CNC machine tools, machining centers operation and so on. Therefore the use of various types of related software is necessary for students to carry out vocational training. At the same time the use of practical software or simulation system has at least the following advantages: ① saving money. A CNC machine simulation software 10,000 yuan, and a domestic CNC machine at least more than 100,000 yuan. ② Reduce the space occupied. An electronic circuit design automation software requires only a computer and workstation, software stored in a large number of advanced measuring instruments and equipment, devices and components, without the need for space stacking. ③ For practical training projects using large and heavy equipment and facilities, the use of software systems or simulation runs before the use of physical systems, not only to avoid damage to facilities, but also to effectively protect the personal safety of teachers and students. ④ It is conducive to the improvement of students' innovation and self-confidence. A CNC machining process can be completed by different programs, the function of an electronic product can be realized by different lines, the use of simulation, simulation software can be faster to prove the feasibility of the students of these different ideas different and similar, but also to supplement the limitations of the teachers themselves.　(5) Conceptualize innovative practical training projects to improve the scientific and technological content of practical training. Higher vocational students' practical training should be different from the middle-aged rely on the training of motor skills. Such as the design of CNC machine debugging and maintenance of practical training, we can arbitrarily put the machine in a certain state or set up certain faults, so that students recover according to certain requirements; such as testing and analysis of electronic products, we can ask students to identify the internal line structure of the system based on the changes in the input and output physical quantity. The design of these innovative practical training projects is conducive to the students' hands and brains, balanced development.