As the core idea of Confucianism, what thoughts have "benevolence" evolved according to the needs of the times?

As the core idea of Confucianism, benevolence has evolved into benevolence (perfect personal cultivation), benevolence (ideal interpersonal relationship), benevolent governance (perfect political rule) and other ideas according to the needs of the times, forming a complete system of benevolence.

First, benevolence.

Filial piety is the foundation of benevolence, and filial piety at home is the beginning of cultivating benevolence and an effective way to show it. The construction of benevolence is an internal and individual deep moral structure, and this internal moral consciousness can be developed according to the external etiquette form, thus obtaining the basis for the internal interpretation of filial piety.

Confucius pointed out that filial piety is based on parents' formal attire, which shows that the etiquette at that time stipulated what should be done, and etiquette was the moral norm that society must follow at that time. Therefore, filial piety is benevolence's self-realization and continuous improvement.

The ultimate moral destination of Confucius is filial piety and benevolence. Through filial piety, we will constantly improve our moral cultivation, and then realize the situation of "self-cultivation, self-cultivation and self-protection", and finally achieve the goal of benevolence.

Second, love.

Confucius' benevolence emphasizes that the basic principle of getting along with others is to love others. "The Analects of Confucius" Yan Yuan wrote: "Fan Chi seeks benevolence. Confucius said, "Love." Fan Chi asked what "benevolence" was, and Confucius replied that "benevolence" is love. Confucius asked people to love with a broad mind, and heartfelt love became the fundamental content of benevolence.

Close love for parents, that is, "filial piety", naturally becomes the starting point of kindness. The basic connotations of filial piety and benevolence are the same. People promote themselves and others through their affection for their parents, show their personal responsibility and responsibility to society and the country, and constantly pursue the highest goal of kindness.

Confucius answered Fan Chi with "love", aiming to emphasize that family is the starting point of interpersonal relationship, and love begins at home, and further extends to love others, everything and everyone, and reaches the realm of benevolence.

Third, benevolent governance.

Starting from the natural "kiss" between father and son and brothers in the family, Confucius extended the function of filial piety to the social and political levels in order to achieve a more harmonious reconciliation between family, society and the country.

In the patriarchal society based on the family, the family is integrated with the world. Politicians compare the relationship between monarch and minister to the relationship between father and son. Officials should be loyal to and contribute to the monarch as filial parents, which makes political relations have the color of blood and affection, and renders a warm family atmosphere for politicians' rule.

Confucius believes that filial piety is the starting point of governing the country, and filial piety is a moral practice that can be realized and operated. Only by implementing filial piety within the family to the whole country can we achieve the purpose of benevolent government.

Rebuild a stable and orderly political and ethical environment from the traditional social structure of consanguinity, human relations and kissing; Through mutual contact and family interaction, the daily human relations order derived from the blood relationship between father and son is established; By setting an example for those in power, we can educate the people, and achieve a benign political order of people's autonomy, that is, to achieve "benevolent government."

Extended data:

Practical significance of Confucius' theory of benevolence;

1. Promote the construction of new economic ethics.

From the perspective of economic ethics, Confucius' thought of benevolence plays an important role in building a new type of economic ethics. Confucius paid attention to social welfare issues such as equality and stability.

This is in line with China's national system. At this stage, China is building a well-off society in an all-round way, so that the fruits of development can benefit all the people. The Communist Party of China (CPC)'s principles and policies show equal concern for every citizen of the country and concern for people's well-being.

2. Enlightenment to China's political ideas.

Confucius' political ideal is to realize the rule of virtue within the country. In fact, he advocates constantly improving personal personality cultivation, and finally pushing himself and others to realize the realm of "benevolence" within the social scope.

Confucius opposed simple killing and punishment. He believes that governing the country should guide the people with morality, regulate people's words and deeds with etiquette, and make people consciously do what they should do instead of doing shameful things. ?

In modern China, a society ruled by law, the rule of law is very important for maintaining order. However, as the bottom line condition of maintaining order, the law itself cannot cultivate citizens' awareness of public interest and responsibility. Then, for those who want to live a full life in a harmonious society, it is absolutely necessary to cultivate a civic morality. ?

3. Provide spiritual resources for building a core society.

Confucius' thought of benevolence is of great practical significance to the construction of a harmonious society that we advocate today. On the one hand, advocating benevolence can promote the harmony and stability of family and society. On the other hand, promoting benevolence can also promote the harmony between nature, society, people and things. Linking nature with "benevolence" actually represents his attitude towards nature. ?

Building a harmonious socialist society is an important strategic task put forward by the party and the government in the 2 1 century, and it is also an important content of the construction of the party's ruling ability. It is also a beautiful society pursued by human beings and a social ideal pursued by Marxist political parties. Confucius' theory of benevolence provides social and moral support for building a harmonious socialist society in China.

China Production Party News Network-On Confucius' Benevolence and Filial Piety