What is the significance and research method of studying the "shortage of migrant workers"? Please be more specific.

Causes and countermeasures of domestic "labor shortage" Chen Guihong (Haimen Medical Insurance Center, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, 226 100) This paper analyzes the causes of domestic enterprises' "labor shortage" and puts forward targeted countermeasures: continue to speed up economic restructuring and optimize the allocation of labor resources; Improve the welfare treatment of domestic workers and narrow the gap with foreign countries; Accelerate the structural adjustment of employed people and cultivate human resources reserves suitable for enterprise development; Establish a guarantee and incentive mechanism for the rational flow of labor between provinces and cities. Keywords labor shortage; Migrant workers; It is not difficult to find the word "labor shortage" when enterprises open newspapers and websites these days. The shortage of labor force makes it difficult for enterprises to operate normally, which has become the most concerned issue of this government and the most talked about issue by the people. Because of the global economic crisis, last year's news and newspapers reported that many enterprises in many cities laid off a large number of employees or even closed down. Why are they facing a "labor shortage" now? I. International and domestic economic background caused by the current labor shortage in China 1. The current international economic environment and the development situation of international enterprises According to the report of the Propaganda Department of Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee and the research group of Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences, "in 2009, the world economy began to stabilize and rebound, and began to recover from the recession. Among them, the pace of Asia, led by China and India, is significantly faster than that of developed economies in Europe and America, and it has become the main driving force for the recovery of the world economy. " Under the premise of global economic recovery, enterprises in various countries are also recovering rapidly, and those who have survived the crisis are growing. In terms of manufacturing, globally, in 20091February, JPMorgan Chase's composite index based on purchasing managers' index (PMI) of various countries rose to 55, the highest value since April 2006, and the new order index rose to a new high in five and a half years. The employment intention index of manufacturing enterprises has risen above 50 for the first time since March 2008. 2. Current domestic policy background and development of domestic enterprises After the financial crisis, the China Municipal Government issued and implemented a package of plans and policies, and formulated a series of policies and measures to expand domestic demand and ensure growth, so as to promote comprehensive economic recovery. The central government and provinces have successively issued a series of policies and measures to encourage the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The domestic economy developed steadily and rapidly, the industrial structure was optimized and adjusted, and agriculture developed rapidly. After the difficult period in 2008, domestic enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, gradually entered a period of recovery and development in 2009, in which automobile manufacturing and real estate were most directly affected by government policies, so they recovered faster and developed faster. In 2009, automobile sales increased by 46. 15%, reaching13,644,794 vehicles. The transaction volume of house prices increased by more than 50% year-on-year, with frequent records of land kings in various places, and the real estate market was extremely hot. Two. Region, industry and labor shortage 1. According to local news reports, labor shortage mainly occurs in coastal areas with relatively rapid economic development, such as the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, and there are also some underdeveloped areas in central China, such as Shandong. 2, the main shortage of jobs From the recruitment situation reported by major human resources markets and interviews with enterprises, the main jobs that enterprises currently lack are concentrated in the first-line production line, some manual labor and some positions that require strong professional skills. 3. The severity of the lack of work As far as Guangzhou is concerned, experts preliminarily estimate that there are at least 6.5438+0.5 million migrant workers in the labor market in Guangzhou. If we add the statistics of the gap between 200,000 migrant workers in Dongguan and about 800,000 migrant workers in Shenzhen earlier, the gap of labor demand in the Pearl River Delta will exceed one million at any time after the holiday. It can be seen that the large-scale labor shortage in China is not an ordinary "shortage". Iii. Analysis of the possible causes of "labor shortage" 1. Domestic enterprises' orders increase, and the demand for employment increases. Due to the global economic recovery, enterprises in various countries have resumed development. Domestic enterprises, especially some processing and manufacturing enterprises, have increased orders, and these enterprises are labor-intensive enterprises. The centralized demand for orders has caused a large number of employment needs of enterprises in a short time. 2. Some migrant workers start businesses in rural areas, which has promoted the employment of a large number of migrant workers for many years. National Document No.1 encourages the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Despite the great impact of the financial crisis, it has not changed the momentum of agricultural development in China. With the support of this policy, a large number of migrant workers have changed their employment concept and stopped blindly pursuing high-income and high-consumption life in big cities. On the contrary, they settle down in the countryside, and they can take care of their families despite their low income and consumption. There are also a small number of migrant workers and newly graduated post-80s and post-90s college students. Because of their knowledge and development mind, they saw the future development prospects of rural areas, started businesses in rural areas, and promoted the employment of a large number of migrant workers. This has also greatly reduced the sources of employment in developed areas. 3. Foreign economies are picking up, and a large number of laborers are leaving. Foreign economies resumed development, consumer demand rose, and foreign enterprises resumed development. As China is a developing country, there is still a big gap between the wages of domestic workers and those of foreign workers, so many people who are employed in China start to work abroad as soon as they have the chance. 4. The demographic dividend effect is declining and the labor structure is unbalanced. In recent years, the government of China has vigorously promoted the family planning policy, and the aging of China is becoming more and more obvious, and the labor resources are obviously reduced. In addition, many people retired in the fifties and sixties, and some college graduates are unwilling to go to the production line to do manual and simple operations. However, some jobs that require skills can't keep up with vocational education, which leads to no one doing these jobs, resulting in structural imbalance of labor force. 5. The wage level and security level of migrant workers have not been improved accordingly. The social security level of migrant workers in China is generally low, and the inconvenience of social insurance transfer brings difficulties to floating employment. Many irresponsible enterprises and migrant workers do not have high safety awareness and fail to insure migrant workers. The workers working in the front line of the enterprise are very tired and bitter, but the salary is not suitable for the post. The wages of frontline production workers in most enterprises are basically the lowest. Close to or even lower than the minimum wage. Without welfare guarantee, some employed people choose to develop in rural areas and abroad with higher wages, which also leads to the "shortage of migrant workers" in coastal areas. 6. Industrial transfer: The industrial transfer of local employment of labor force strongly advocated by the central and western countries has achieved initial results, and some enterprises in the central and western regions have developed rapidly. These rapidly developing enterprises in the central and western regions provide many employment opportunities for local employees. These people don't need to go to other provinces and cities remotely, but work in their hometown nearby. Their wages will not be much lower, their consumption level will be low, and their parents and children will be taken care of, which will also greatly reduce the labor resources in coastal areas. 4. Simple countermeasures for the shortage of migrant workers in China 1. Continue to accelerate economic restructuring, optimize the allocation of labor resources, continue to implement the national economic restructuring policy, vigorously develop high-tech industries, vigorously develop large-scale agricultural production, improve the efficiency of labor resources, reduce the waste of labor resources, rationally allocate labor resources, and improve the social production value of labor, thus improving the welfare of workers and retaining them. 2. Improve the welfare of domestic workers and narrow the gap with foreign countries. Recent national policies also show that the government hopes that enterprises can raise workers' wages and distribute national income reasonably. The government's social insurance policies such as endowment insurance and medical insurance also show the government's determination to improve the social security level of workers to a great extent. Enterprises should participate in social insurance for workers in accordance with the provisions of the labor law, raise the wages of workers, and gradually reduce the wage income level with foreign workers, so that workers can have a satisfactory income under the premise of welfare protection, and the number of people flowing abroad will also decrease accordingly. 3. Accelerate the structural adjustment of employees and cultivate human resources suitable for enterprise development. Reserve college graduates should change their employment concept, and don't have the idea that they won't get a job unless they enter the office. The government should continue to vigorously develop vocational education and cultivate talents suitable for the development of enterprises. As early as the year before last, the wages of senior technicians in Shenzhen and other cities were higher than those of some undergraduates or even graduate students, which also reflected the imbalance in the proportion of education and training talents to a great extent. 4. Enterprises should reserve appropriate labor resources according to their own development. Enterprises should create their own individual cultural atmosphere, retain workers through their own unique human environment, and reserve some labor resources in a targeted and planned way. The policy of cultivating and using this part of the labor force will not waste the existing labor force, but also leave room for the future development of the enterprise when it needs to employ people. 5. Establish a mechanism to ensure and encourage the rational flow of labor between provinces and cities. The scale of development among provinces and cities is not consistent, even in relatively developed areas. It is necessary to give full consideration to the rational allocation of labor force throughout the country, establish an incentive mechanism for labor flow, and form a corresponding social security relationship transfer system. To solve the problem of labor shortage, the government needs to strengthen guidance and formulate new policies in line with the development of the times. Some enterprises should put on a straight posture and can no longer put on a master face; And we migrant workers should also adapt to the development needs of enterprises and improve their self-awareness and skills.