What are the main features of ancient Greek civilization?

The main features of ancient Greek civilization are as follows:

1, seeking the harmonious development of biology and environment.

Ancient Greek civilization is a city-state civilization, but in that limited space, it is an identity body with independent political life, self-sufficient economic life and rich cultural life, and a moral identity body that realizes human self-improvement.

Every member has a certain sense of identity and closeness to the city-state, so for a long time, the Greeks regarded the city-state system as the only suitable form of national organization and adhered to the basic belief of harmony and unity between social groups and citizens' lives.

2. Stimulate studious spirit and creative spirit?

In the history of world civilization, the ancient Greeks have outstanding creativity, and their creativity stems from their studious spirit, natural curiosity, love of inquiry and open national character. They seek knowledge from all sides, no matter where this knowledge comes from, their footprints of seeking true knowledge have spread all over the East. ?

They "learn from the Eastern civilization", which was a wise man's vision at that time. The foundation of ancient Greek culture is the source of eastern culture, and it has developed into the source of western culture. The creator is the real successor, and this statement is credible from the perspective of Greek creativity. ?

3, like freedom of thought or freedom of thought.

The freedom of thought or free thought mentioned here refers to the thought seen in the world as the result of rational cognition, which appeared in the ancient world, with the Greeks as the earliest and most vital.

The philosopher Karl karl jaspers clearly pointed out: "The Greek polis laid the foundation of all western free consciousness, free thought and free reality." The freedom of thought and the idea of freedom first sprouted in the Greek city-state, which was created by the high development of slavery economy and slavery democracy.

This is: rich material conditions, happy spiritual life and sufficient leisure time have found their home in the ancient Greek city-state system and the city-state that promoted democratic politics;

In addition, in the real life of the polis, a powerful group of monks and a unified religious ideology that stifled people's freedom of thought did not form. Although its appearance has its special historical conditions, it is worth learning from all national civilizations and has strong historical vitality. ?

4. Pursuing life enjoyment and secular entertainment?

The Greeks attached great importance to the world and pinned their infinite hopes on the real world. They don't care about the happiness of the ghost world preached by religion. They use literature, art, philosophy, science and other social activities to enrich their lives and enjoy the happiness of reality.

5. Believe in humanism and attach importance to people and their own values.

Ann Bonner, a famous classical cultural scholar, once said, "The starting point and object of all Greek civilizations are people. It starts from people's needs and pays attention to people's interests and progress. In order to seek human interests and progress, it explores the world as well as people, and explores the other side through one side. "

The well-known myth "The Mystery of the Sphinx" embodies the primitive ancestors' initial thinking about human status. From then on, revealing people's status, achievements and historical role can be said to run through the whole history of Greek civilization.

There, due to the development of the Greek city-state, the role of individual citizens as the main body of the city-state has been constantly reflected, thus the belief in personal value, individualism and personal dignity has been continuously strengthened, even to protagoras, the representative of the wise school.

He also put forward the proposition that "man is the measure of all things", which became a banner in the rational trend of thought in the Greek world from S to the 4th century BC. At the same time, in the field of drama and art, it is more meaningful to render and express human will, strength and creativity.

There is no lack of enlightenment to the world. In other words, this humanistic spirit that constitutes all aspects of Greek culture has become a model of ancient Greek civilization.

6. Worship the golden mean?

The characteristics of Greek civilization mentioned above are all permeated with this kind of mean thought of Greeks, that is, this kind of balanced and harmonious development. At the same time, the golden mean spirit they worship in turn restricts all aspects of Greek city-state civilization and city-state citizens' life. ?

It is no exaggeration to say that the ancient Greek city-state civilization can last for centuries and shine brilliantly in the history of world civilization, which is related to the spirit of moderation. Edith Hamilton's "All Greek achievements are branded with this balance" is indeed the crowning touch.

It correctly tells the great and potential historical role of the golden mean advocated by the Greeks. Chinese civilization also advocates the golden mean, but there are great differences between them. The doctrine of the mean in ancient Greece generally belongs to the category of ethics and adopts logical deduction, while the doctrine of the mean in China Confucianism is a kind of political philosophy.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Greek Civilization