Water molecule structure model

The structural model of water molecules is as follows:

A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Among them, the arrangement of hydrogen atoms around oxygen atoms is asymmetric, that is, two hydrogen atoms are not arranged on a straight line passing through the center of oxygen atoms, but arranged at an included angle of104 45'.

Moreover, when the only electron of hydrogen atom is enjoyed by oxygen atom, because the electronegativity of oxygen (3.5) is greater than that of hydrogen (2. 1), their electron pairs are largely biased towards the oxygen nucleus, making the hydrogen nucleus almost a naked proton, insignificant compared with the oxygen nucleus, and immersed in the extranuclear electron cloud of oxygen atom.

In water molecules, hydrogen nuclei and oxygen nuclei are arranged in an isosceles triangle. The oxygen nucleus is located at the top of the corner where the two waists intersect, and the two hydrogen nuclei (protons) are located at the top of the two bottom corners of the isosceles triangle, and the included angle between the two waists is104 45'. The whole water molecule nucleus is immersed in an electron cloud composed of ten electrons outside the nucleus. The radius of water molecule is 1.38? ( 1? = 10-8 cm, the same below), and the bond length is 0.96? .

There are ten electrons outside the nucleus of a water molecule, and they keep running along their respective orbits and certain running directions, thus forming an electron cloud in the nucleus shape of a water molecule. The extranuclear electron cloud of water molecules is the result of orbital hybridization after hydrogen bonds with oxygen atoms, and the orbits of the extranuclear electrons of oxygen are the main ones.

When water molecules are formed, the 1s 1 orbital of each hydrogen atom and the 2(sp3) 1 orbital of oxygen atom with only one electron overlap to form a bond (electron cloud overlap), forming the electron orbital pattern of water molecules. That is, ten electrons outside the nucleus of a water molecule run along five orbits after pairing and coupling respectively, and one of them is the 1s2 electron orbit (spherical) of an oxygen atom.

Two are * * * electron-sharing pairs (long ellipsoid) consisting of 1s 1 electron in two hydrogen atoms and 2(sp3) 1 electron in two oxygen atoms; The other two elliptical orbits are two 2(sp3)2 electron orbits of oxygen atoms, which are called the orbits of two "lone pair" electron pairs.