What are the historical and cultural heritages in Beijing?

Historical and cultural heritage includes the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, the Great Wall and Zhoukoudian in Beijing.

1, the Forbidden City in Beijing.

The Forbidden City in Beijing is the imperial palace of China in Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as the Forbidden City, located in the center of Beijing's central axis, which is the essence of ancient court architecture in China. It is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient wooden buildings in the world. The Forbidden City in Beijing is known as the first of the five largest palaces in the world (the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Palace of Versailles in France, Buckingham Palace in Britain, the White House in the United States, and the Russian Kremlin), and it is a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction.

The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle (1406), based on the Forbidden City in Nanjing, and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420). It is a rectangular city with a length of 96 1 m from north to south and a width of 753 m from east to west. Surrounded by a wall with a height of 10 meter, there is a moat with a width of 52 meters outside the city. The architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court.

2. Summer Palace.

The Summer Palace, an ancient imperial garden in Beijing, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 0/5 km away from the urban area/kloc-,covering an area of about 290 hectares, and adjacent to Yuanmingyuan. It is a large-scale landscape garden with Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain as the background and Hangzhou West Lake as the basis, drawing lessons from the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the most well-preserved royal palace, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a national key tourist attraction.

Before the Qing Emperor Qianlong succeeded to the throne, there were four large royal gardens in the western suburbs of Beijing. In the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), Emperor Qianlong rebuilt Qingyi Garden with 4.48 million taels of silver to commemorate his mother and filial queen, forming a royal garden area 20 kilometers from Tsinghua campus to Xiangshan. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Qingyi Garden was burned by the British and French allied forces. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), it was rebuilt and renamed the Summer Palace as a summer amusement park.

3. The Great Wall.

The Great Wall, also known as the Great Wall of Wan Li, was an ancient military fortress in China. It is a tall, solid and continuous long wall, which is used to limit the enemy's actions. The Great Wall is not a simple isolated wall, but a defense system with the wall as the main body and a large number of cities, obstacles, pavilions and landmarks.

The history of the construction of the Great Wall can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the famous allusion "bonfire drama princes" took place in Haojiang, the capital city (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, countries competed for hegemony and defended each other, and the construction of the Great Wall entered its first climax, but the construction length at this time was relatively short. After Qin destroyed the six countries and unified the world, Qin Shihuang connected and repaired the Warring States Great Wall, which was called the Great Wall of Wan Li. The Ming Dynasty was the last dynasty to overhaul the Great Wall, and most of the Great Wall seen by people today was built at this time.

4. Zhoukoudian

Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site is located in Gulong Mountain, Zhoukoudian, Fangshan District, Beijing. It's about 50 kilometers from Beijing. 1929, China paleontologist Pei Wenzhong discovered the teeth, bones and a complete skull of primitive human here. And found traces of "Beijingers" living, hunting and using fire, confirming that there were human activities in Beijing 500 thousand years ago. It should be noted here that Zhoukoudian and Zhoukou City are not the same concept. The latter is a prefecture-level city located in the east of Henan Province.

Zhoukoudian site is a national key cultural relics protection unit, located at the northern foot of Gulong Mountain in Zhoukoudian Town, Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing. It is the most abundant, systematic and valuable human site in the early Paleolithic period in the world. From 192 1 to 1927, archaeologists discovered three human tooth fossils outside the "Peking Man" cave site three times, and found Peking Man's skull fossils, artificial tools and fire relics at 1929, which became a major archaeological discovery that shocked the world.