What are the fundamental differences between China and the West in the origin and nature of morality?

From the origin of morality, Western morality takes "freedom" as its logical starting point and has gone through three processes: the morality of the pursuit of intellectual freedom in the ancient Greek period, the morality of the pursuit of practical freedom in the ancient Roman period, and the morality of the pursuit of human freedom in the modern era. Chinese morality, represented by Confucianism, is centered on the pursuit of "benevolence" and has gone through five stages. That is, the pre-Qin Confucian morality of benevolence: loving people, the morality of the two Han dynasties, the morality of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the morality of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the morality of the Song and Ming dynasties, the morality of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the morality of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the morality of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the morality of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the morality of the Ming and Qing dynasties. While the West adheres to individualistic morality, adopts a discursive mindset and way of thinking, and emphasizes the power of the rule of law, Chinese culture adheres to collectivistic morality, adopts a thoughtful and metaphorical way of expression, and emphasizes the power of role modeling, which is the fundamental reason for the differences. Respecting differences, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and ****simultaneous development may be a prerequisite for the establishment of a socialist morality, as well as an attitude.

The nature of morality

I. Morality is a kind of social consciousness (the general nature of morality)

The determining effect of social and economic relations on morality is manifested in the following aspects:

1. The nature of the socio-economic structure directly determines the nature of the various moral systems.

2. The interests manifested in socio-economic relations directly determine the basic principles and main norms of morality.

3. In a class society, the different positions and different interests of people in the same economic structure also determine the class attributes, social status and the contradictory struggles among various moral systems.

4. Changes in economic relations inevitably cause changes in morality.

2. Morality is a special system of regulatory norms (the special nature of morality)

1. Moral norms are a kind of non-institutionalized norms.

2. Moral norms do not and do not use coercive means to carve out a path for themselves.

3. Ethics is an internalized norm.

Third, morality is a spirit of practice (the deep essence of morality)

Morality needs to motivate human beings to form mutually satisfying relationships of value, to promote people to improve such relationships, to regulate human interaction, collaboration, and to perfect the human personality, and to form the unique spirit of practice of human beings.

Morality is a purposeful activity. Purposefulness is the most basic feature of human activity, and it is also the main basis for human spirit to enter into practice. Morality originates from reality and transcends reality, morality is the unity of ideal and reality. As a practical spirit, morality guides people's behavior with its ideality and purposefulness, and transforms the ideal into reality. Studying ethics is not only about mastering the relevant theoretical knowledge, but also about applying this theoretical knowledge to practice. We resort to reason and emotion, but also to action, conscious cultivation, to become a moral person.