Chemical mechanism of Chinese medicine concoction process

Chemical Mechanism of Chinese Medicine Concoction Process1

Abstract Chinese medicine concoction is a traditional pharmaceutical technology in China.

When Chinese herbal medicines are processed by concocting, their chemical mechanism will change, which makes them have therapeutic efficacy.

In this paper, we initially elucidated the chemical reactions and compositional changes that occur in Chinese herbal medicines in the process of concocting, and the main chemical reactions include hydrolysis, oxidation, substitution, isomerization, and decomposition.

Then the future direction of discovery and prospect of Chinese medicine concoction is discussed.

Keywords Chinese medicine concoction; chemical reaction; chemical mechanism

Concoction is an essential task before the use of Chinese medicine.

Chinese medicine concoction is a traditional pharmaceutical technology, Chinese medicine materials in the concoction after the chemical properties of the Chinese medicine itself has undergone complex changes, and these changes also make the Chinese medicine has a medicinal value change.

Therefore, it is of great significance to study the chemical mechanism of Chinese medicine concoctions, and to understand the changes in the chemical mechanism of Chinese medicine in the process of concoctions, in order to grasp the therapeutic principle of Chinese medicine and to enhance the therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine.

1. Methods of chemical mechanism research in the process of Chinese medicine concoction

Chinese medicine in general can not be directly consumed, and only through the concoction, can achieve the effect of curing diseases.

This is because the chemical properties of the herbs change after concoction, making some toxic substances ineffective and thus becoming beneficial for treatment.

The study of small and large molecules should be carried out with the help of advanced instruments and modern technology, such as GC-MS/MS and other analytical instruments, which can quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the composition of Chinese medicine before and after preparation.

The study of the chemical mechanism of Chinese medicine concoction is a systematic work, in the actual process of concoction, in addition to the chemical mechanism of Chinese medicine, accompanied by physical changes, so want to study the chemical mechanism of Chinese medicine, but also need to analyze the organic combination of its physical composition and efficacy, in order to understand the chemical mechanism of Chinese medicine concoction more thoroughly.

2. Chemical mechanism analysis in the process of Chinese medicine concoction

2.1 Hydrolysis reaction

Chinese medicine generally contains brassinosides, cyclic enol ether terpene glycosides and saponins and other glycosides, glycosides have the property of hydrolysis.

Glycosides are hydrolyzed to form new components, which changes the therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine.

The concoction process of Chinese medicine, for different herbs need to use different ways to deal with, but different herbs have a **** the same processing procedures, in the environment with water heating treatment, whether it is steaming, boiling, wetting are the same.

So the hydrolysis reaction can bring out the pharmacological effect of Chinese medicine, so as to achieve the therapeutic effect.

The common hydrolysis reaction of Chinese medicine has the following situations:

2.1.1 Brassinolide Composition

Brassinolide composition is a more widely existed substance in Chinese medicine, in the process of Chinese medicine concoctions, the flavonoid composition will change, which will make the therapeutic efficacy of Chinese medicine change.

Such as licorice can detoxify and clear heat, moisten the lungs and relieve cough.

In the concoction process of licorice, brassinolide will be hydrolyzed and lose the sugar chain, thus producing glycyrrhizin and isoglycyrrhizin, which is the reason why licorice can be changed to moisten the lungs and relieve cough.

2.1.2 Polysaccharide components

Polysaccharides in Chinese medicine have a variety of pharmacological activities, some important hydrolysis reaction occurs in the process of concoction, which makes its activity change, such as dihuang in the composition after the concoction no longer contains fructose, etc., but the efficacy of the treatment of some inflammatory conditions will be increased.

2.1.3 Alkaloids

Common alkaloid-containing traditional Chinese medicines are bitter ginseng, ephedra, Huanglian, etc. These alkaloid-containing traditional Chinese medicines are usually accompanied by a certain amount of aconitine, which has a certain degree of toxicity, but after the concoction of traditional Chinese medicines, the alkaloid component will be hydrolyzed, resulting in a reduction of toxicity, and at the same time, the effect on the pain relief is better.

2.1.4 Saponins

Saponins are widely present in traditional Chinese medicine and have a variety of pharmacological activities, such as Chaihu saponin in Chaihu, Zhiwei saponin in Zhiwei, and Platycodonopsis saponins in Platycodonopsis, etc.

Saponins are also widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Saponins are composed of saponins and one or more sugar groups, which are often hydrolyzed in the process of frying, roasting, or steaming, generating new components, which in turn cause changes in clinical efficacy.

2.1.5 Cyclen ether terpene glycosides

The hydrolysis of cyclen ether terpene glycosides in traditional Chinese medicine is related to its sugar content in traditional Chinese medicine, and cyclen ether terpene glycosides lose their sugar groups after hydrolysis, which makes the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine change.

For example, Cornus officinalis loses its sugar groups and turns purple-black after concocting, and the content of 5-HMF and so on is elevated, so that it can play a role in protecting the liver.

2.2 Isomerization

Isomerization refers to the process of converting a chemical constituent into its isomer during the process of Chinese medicine concoction, which then changes the effect of the Chinese medicine.

For example, after ginseng is heated and prepared, the natural S-configuration of ginsenoside undergoes isomerization during hydrolysis, and is converted into R-configuration secondary glycosides, which changes the clinical therapeutic effect.

2.3 Oxidative reaction

The oxidative reaction occurs after processing and concocting of Chinese medicine, which changes the composition of Chinese medicine and makes its clinical effect change.

For example, natural copper has the efficacy of dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain, connecting the bones and renewing the tendons, and it is one of the common traditional Chinese medicines, which is usually added to the medicines after concocting.

The specific oxidation process is that the natural copper is heated in the environment of 30-800 ℃, through the oxidation, the copper disulfide is transformed into copper monosulfide, and there are also components such as iron tetroxide, iron trioxide, and iron monoxide.

The principle is that the natural copper calcined and quenched by vinegar after the surface generation of ferrous acetate, and can make the drug texture loose and fragile, easy to crush, and make the drug in the iron ions dissolved in the increase, easy to be absorbed in vivo.

2.4 Replacement reaction

Replacement reaction is two or more Chinese medicine in the process of concocting the replacement reaction, so that some of the genes in the substance and some small molecules in the replacement reaction, the generation of new components, thereby changing the efficacy of the drug.

For example, aconite and epiphyllum have the effect of expelling cold and relieving pain, but both have strong toxicity, and need to be concocted before they can be used in medicine.

In the concoction process of aconite and epiphyllum, the acetyl group of aconitine alkaloids is replaced by fatty acyl groups, resulting in less toxic lipid alkaloids.

Thus achieving the effect of reducing toxicity, better into the drug.

2.5 Decomposition reaction

Decomposition reaction in the process of Chinese medicine concoction, is the decomposition of a compound into two or more compounds of the reaction process.

Because of the complexity of the ingredients contained in traditional Chinese medicine, some ingredients undergo decomposition reaction after heating, thus causing changes in the medicinal properties, thus changing the clinical efficacy.

Such as ginseng, American ginseng and Panax ginseng in the widespread presence of Tianqiin is a special amino acid, also known as Tianqi amino acid, is a dibasic acid class, is not stable to heat, and has a certain neurotoxic side effects.

It was found that during the process of industrial concoction of Panax ginseng, Tianqiin undergoes decarboxylation and degradation reaction by heat, generating 1-formyl-diaminopropionic acid and releasing carbon dioxide and water, thus reducing the toxicity of ginseng.

Thus, it reaches the standard of entering into medicine.

2.6 Condensation reaction

Condensation reaction refers to the process of Chinese medicine in the process of concoction, due to some complex processing, resulting in a condensation reaction, generating new components, making the therapeutic 'effect changed.

For example, Chuanxiong is a relatively common Chinese medicine that can activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and in general use wine system.

That is, some of the chemical components in the rhizoma rhizoma rhizoma in the wine system after the condensation reaction, the generation of new chemical components, and these new components can have a therapeutic effect for.

3 Conclusion

Traditional Chinese medicine is a valuable treasure of our country, in the thousands of years of time, condensed the wisdom of our ancestors, and the development of traditional Chinese medicine concoctions from the emergence of the development to the present, the theory and practice of its continuous improvement, especially in the scientific and technological advances today, the emergence of new types of theories and new types of technology for the development of traditional Chinese medicine concoctions has a great role in promoting the development. It has a great effect on the development of Chinese medicine concoctions.

It is believed that the continuous research on Chinese medicine concoctions will achieve more results in the future, and provide a strong guarantee for the people to take safe, effective and quality-controlled standardized Chinese medicine tablets.

References

[1] Sun Peiye. Research on the application of chemical mechanism of Chinese medicine concoction process[J]. China Health Industry, 2015, 26: 187-189.

[2]Sun E, Xu Fengjuan, Zhang Zhenhai, Jia Xiaobin. Progress of research on the mechanism of Chinese medicine concoction and discussion of research ideas[J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2014, 03: 363-369

Chemical study on the concoction and dispensing of Chinese herbal medicine Dulcium barbarum2

Abstract Objective To study and summarize the scope of application of important Dulcium barbarums by determining the change of chemical components during the process of Dulcium barbarum concoction.

Methods The three methods of preparation, namely, stir-frying, sand blanching and baking, were used to process the equal quality of Cortex Eucommiae, and the finished products were observed by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography in turn, and the changes in the chemical composition of the original and finished products were statistically analyzed. The changes in chemical composition of the original product of Duzhong and the finished product after concoction were counted.

Results It is clear from the analysis that no matter which way to process the Chinese medicine Duzhong, the chemical composition of the Chinese medicine Duzhong after concoction changed significantly.

Conclusion When preparing traditional Chinese medicines, it is important to consider the changes in the composition of the Chinese medicine Duchenne during the process of concocting.

Keywords Chinese medicine; eucommia; concoction; compounding; chemical composition

1 Information and methodology

1.1 General information Chinese medicine eucommia refers to the dried epidermis on the body surface of the eucommia plant of the family Eucommiaceae, which is a unique and precious traditional Chinese medicine in China.

Duchenne prefers to grow in temperate and cool areas, and generally grows on high mountains above 500 meters.

Its epidermis, branches and leaves, and male flowers are very rare and nourishing raw materials.

It can be used to nourish the liver and kidneys, strengthen the muscles and bones, and control blood pressure, and has a good health effect on diseases such as kidney deficiency and high blood pressure.

Because of its medicinal efficacy is remarkable, has been the medical profession attaches great importance to many medical institutions at home and abroad are committed to the study of its chemical composition, in anticipation of its better participation in the chemical composition of the medical treatment, the study of the Chinese medicine dulcimer, the main leaves, according to authoritative data: dulcimer leaves of the main constituents of the composition of the lignans, cycloalkenyl ether terpene compounds, colloid, different kinds of trace elements, amino acids and so on. The main components of the leaves are lignans, cyclen ether terpenoids, gums, different kinds of trace elements, amino acids, etc.

In this study, three different processing methods were used to concoct the leaves of the traditional Chinese medicine Duchenne, and the finished products after concocting were observed by spectral analysis to study the changes of the chemical constituents of the traditional Chinese medicine Duchenne after concocting, and it is hoped that the present study and experiment can provide more bases for the use of traditional Chinese medicine Duchenne in medication.

1.2 Research Methods

1.2.1 Concocting Methods There is no standardized processing method for Chinese medicine eucommia, and people are happy to adopt the following three concocting methods to process it: stir-frying, sand blanching, and baking.

The chemical composition of Cortex Eucommia Ulmoides is often changed after concoction, which affects its medicinal properties to a large extent, and the proportion of its ingredients and the matters to be paid attention to in the process of concocting should also be changed accordingly.

Different methods of concoctions, the changes in composition are not the same, the choice of concoction is quite important.

1.2.1.1 Qingfan concoction method Qingfan that is, in the process of concoction without adding any auxiliary materials, Qingfan method is generally divided into the following steps: ① the drug according to the species and processing methods for classification, and according to the size of the drug is divided into a number of times on its processing, to avoid the drug due to the different sizes of the uneven heat.

② Set the temperature of the frying pan to medium, clip 5 grams of weight of dulcimer, place it in the frying pan, first rapid fire and then slow fire, stir-frying without stopping.

③ naked eye observation of the dulcimer appeared broken wire situation, there is a border of smoke, the skin into black, frying is complete, take out.

1.2.1.2 Sand blanching concoction method The main raw material of sand blanching method is river sand.

The general processing steps are: ① Put the right amount of clean river sand in the pot, heating and stirring constantly.

② When the river sand flows smoothly, put the classified drugs into it, stirring constantly, when the drugs are scalded to meet the standard, quickly separate the river sand and cool it down.

③ Clip 5 grams of weight of dulcimer, place it in a boiling hot casserole, stirring constantly.

④ The processing is completed when there is a breakage of filaments of dulcimer observed by naked eye, and when it appears dark brown and emits burnt odor by naked eye.

1.2.1.3 Baking Concoction Method The baking method refers to placing traditional Chinese medicines in a baking apparatus for heat preservation and drying, which is a simple and easy-to-operate concoction and is generally recognized by the medical profession.

The processing of Chinese medicine Duchenne, just 5 grams of weight of Duchenne, lay flat placed in the iron plate, the iron plate into the baking box, the temperature is adjusted to 180 degrees Celsius, baking, when the skin of Duchenne presents a dark brown, the processing is complete, stop baking.

1.2.2 Analysis of chemical composition of Chinese herbal medicine Duzong after concoction The concocted Chinese herbal medicine Duzong was observed in turn by three spectral analysis methods: ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography, and the changes in the chemical composition of Duzong's original product and the finished product after concoction were statistically analyzed.

1.3 Statistical principles Using SPSS13.1 software for statistics, the calculated percentages were compared, using t-test results, when P<0.05, the statistical results comply with the regulations and have significance.

2 Results

2.1 Comparison of the results of the three concoctions See Table 1.

2.2 Changes in the chemical composition of Chinese medicine Duchenne after concoction The baking concoction method was used as an example to analyze the changes in the chemical composition before and after the concoction of Chinese medicine Duchenne.

After statistical analysis, it meets the regulations and can be counted, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Analyzing the above data, it can be seen that the chemical composition of Duchenne underwent a big change after the concoction, especially the content of lignans and cycloenol ether terpenoids decreased significantly after the concoction.

3 Discussion

The Chinese medicine Cortex Eucommiae contains a large amount of lignans, cyclic enol ether terpenoids, gums, different kinds of trace elements, amino acids and so on.

Trace elements mainly cover, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, phosphorus, fierce and so on.

These chemicals are beneficial to the human body, nourishing the liver and kidneys, strengthening the muscles and bones, and controlling blood pressure.

After the extraction and separation of this concoction, two compounds can be obtained, and after scientific testing, it can be seen that the two compounds are cycloartenyl ether terpenoids, which can be proved that the concoction has a more serious effect on the cycloartenyl ether terpenoids of the traditional Chinese medicine Dulcis chinensis.

In view of the special nature of the cycloenyl ether terpenoids, the preparer should pay special attention to the effect of preparation on the cycloenyl ether terpenoids, and it is necessary to investigate the changes of cycloenyl ether terpenoids contained in the traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Eucommiae after preparation.

References

[1] Bai Run'e, Zhang Jin'yang. Comparison of decoction rate of different tablets of Cortex Eucommiae and its products[J]. Journal of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2009(03).

[2] Chang Xiaohong, Wang Rongfang, Yu Yue. Historical evolution and modern research on the concoction of Duchenne[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry, 2011(11).

[3] LIU Shengjin, DI Liuqing, WU Dekang. Research progress on the concoction of Cortex Eucommiae[J]. Shizhen Guomao Guomao, 2010(09).