Urgent for two social investigation papers ~ not exactly the same. Thank you.

In late May this year, at the enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, Zhang Chunxian, secretary of the Provincial Party Committee and director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress, clearly pointed out that the core task of building a "two-oriented society" is "two innovations", namely, new industrialization and new urbanization.

"Building a' two-oriented society', new industrialization and new urbanization are two important starting points." Chen Shuhong, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress, also made a similar speech.

"Promote" two innovations "with" two types ",promote" two types "with" two innovations ",implement resource conservation and environmental friendliness in the development of new industrialization and new urbanization, and embark on a new road of industrialization and urbanization different from the traditional model."

Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan two-oriented society is the abbreviation of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan comprehensive supporting reform experimental zone for resource-saving and environment-friendly society construction.

The National Development and Reform Commission approved Wuhan Metropolitan Area and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration as the experimental areas for the comprehensive reform of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society in China.

In June 5438+February 65438+April 2007, with the approval of the State Council, Wuhan City Circle and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration were approved by our Committee as national comprehensive reform pilot areas for resource-saving and environment-friendly society construction. After the State Council agreed to carry out comprehensive reform pilot projects in Wuhan city circle and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city group, a pilot pattern of interaction between the east (Shanghai, Tianjin and Shenzhen), the middle (Wuhan, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan) and the west (Chengdu and Chongqing) will be formed nationwide.

In the notice, our committee requested that Wuhan City Circle and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group should proceed from their own reality, comprehensively promote reforms in various fields according to the requirements of the comprehensive reform experiment of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, take the lead in making breakthroughs in key areas and key links, boldly innovate, and form an institutional mechanism conducive to energy conservation, emission reduction and ecological environment protection as soon as possible. Take the lead in embarking on a new urbanization road with low resource consumption, less environmental pollution, strong factor concentration ability, reasonable industrial layout and population distribution, promote the coordination of economic development with population, resources and environment, promote sound and rapid economic development, and play a demonstration and leading role in promoting national reform, realizing scientific development and social harmony.

* * * Comprehensive Economic System Reform Division of the National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China, contributed by the Comprehensive Reform Division.

"/kloc-In the 9th century, the Church of England taught the world how to produce. In the 20th century, America taught the world how to consume. If China wants to lead the 2 1 century, it must teach the world how to develop sustainably. " This passage is taken from a commentary in the British newspaper The Guardian.

From June, 5438 to February, 2007, when Hunan took over the shining plaque of the national comprehensive reform experimental zone of "two-oriented society", an experimental blockbuster that consciously practiced the concept of "sustainable development" kicked off. How to break through and practice the construction of "two-oriented society"? Zhang Chunxian, secretary of the provincial party committee and director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress, gave the answer: the core task of building "two-oriented society" is "two innovations", namely, new industrialization and new urbanization. This is the specific path to be taken by Hunan, the blockbuster of reform experiment.

According to Zhang Ping, the initiator of "Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Economic Integration" and the president of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration Research Association, one advantage of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan's approval of the pilot zone for comprehensive reform of two-oriented society is that Hunan's thinking conforms to the national thinking, that is, how to promote new industrialization under the constraints of resources and environment.

As early as 2006, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government clearly pointed out that new industrialization is the first driving force for enriching the people and strengthening the province. According to Zhang Ping's analysis, Hunan, as a central province, is in the middle stage of typical new industrialization development, and the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area is relatively high. It is the period of rapid development of industrialization, which is prone to a problem, that is, nominally new industrialization, but it may unconsciously repeat the mistakes of traditional industrialization, that is, fall into the old road of "polluting first and then treating".

At the ninth provincial party congress, Zhang Chunxian said emotionally, if we stink the water and make the air dirty for the sake of industrialization, the number of sick people will increase, and even future generations will scold us!

The following two models can highlight Hunan's determination and courage to promote new industrialization and practice "resource conservation and environmental friendliness".

Get rid of the "black hat" with an iron fist

There are more than 80 traditional heavy industry enterprises such as smelting and chemical industry in Qingshuitang, Shifeng District, Zhuzhou. Due to the long-term "emphasis on development, light environmental protection". In July 2004, the State Environmental Protection Administration announced "Top Ten Cities with Serious Air Pollution", and Zhuzhou was impressively listed. With the determination to "break a strong man's wrist", Zhuzhou has carried out large-scale treatment and shut down more than 30 polluting enterprises. The provincial environmental protection bureau also listed Qingshuitang as the focus of remediation. In just one year, Zhuzhou successfully got rid of the "black hat".

Pinch hundreds of millions of tons of wastewater to save "Mother Lake".

Dongting Lake is the mother lake of Hunan. But for many years, pollution has become the pain of Dongting Lake. More than 200 papermaking enterprises directly discharged more than 654.38 billion tons of untreated wastewater. At the end of 2006, Hunan took action, and all 234 papermaking enterprises in Yueyang, Yiyang and Changde stopped production and rectified. In the end, the water quality of Dongting Lake successfully changed from the original poor five categories to three categories, and finless porpoises disappeared for many years appeared in the rivers and lakes. □ The decision maker said

Environmental improvement creates conditions for industrial upgrading.

"Like the paper mill in Dongting Lake, we should make up our minds to shut down those industries with small scale, high energy consumption, high pollution, low industrial efficiency and low technical level, and create conditions for the improvement of the ecological environment and the upgrading of the industrial structure in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan." Zhang Chunxian said, pounding the floor. □ Expert opinion

First of all, we must change the conceptual model of production and consumption.

Li, Deputy Director of the Lecturer Group of the Provincial Party Committee: To build a two-oriented society, the first problem is to change the production and consumption concept of high energy consumption, high emission, high pollution and terminal treatment, as well as the production and consumption mode of resources-products-wastes. New urbanization

Showing Ecological Personality for "Green" Legislation

Stie Gerriets, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, said, "The two major factors that dominate the world process in 2 1 century are the high technology in the United States and the urbanization in China."

In the past 10 years, the urbanization of China has grown rapidly at an average annual rate of 1.3 percentage points, and more people will enter urban life in the next 20-30 years. Zhang Chunxian clearly pointed out that "to continuously improve the level of urbanization and avoid taking the detour of urbanization in the past, we must explore a new urbanization road."

Where is the so-called "new type"? Experts pointed out that it is reflected in at least three aspects: it embodies the modern development concept, and man and nature live in harmony; Strong comprehensive environmental carrying capacity; Have an international vision and absorb international experience.

Judging from the famous urban agglomerations at home and abroad, the Great Lakes in the United States are colorful and dotted. The Pearl River Delta in China is dotted with trees. Have unique ecological business cards. The two-oriented social practice of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration must also forge its own ecological personality. □ The decision maker said

It is necessary to protect the "green heart" through legislation

Unlike urban agglomerations in the world, which are generally located in plain areas, Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan are located in hilly areas. "Hunan has a high forest coverage rate and a good ecological environment, which is the biggest advantage." Zhang Chunxian commented. "Urban agglomeration construction should highlight ecological characteristics from the beginning of planning.

A few days ago, Zhang Chunxian went to Zhaoshan in Xiangtan, the "green heart" in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. He pointed out that it is necessary to implement compulsory protection of the "green heart" with Zhaoshan as the core and the ecological "green belt" and wetlands represented by the Xiangjiang River scenic belt in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan through legislation to solve the problem of over-exploitation. □ Expert opinion

"The city in the village, the hometown in the city"

Li, Deputy Director of the Lecturer Group of the Provincial Party Committee: The eco-city itself is different from the traditional city, but a city that combines urban and rural areas, that is, "a city in the countryside and a village in the city" and a "regional city". Eco-city must be integrated into the region in order to obtain a richer life support system and realize its ecologicalization.

If you can also feel Tao Yuanming's artistic conception of "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge and seeing Nanshan leisurely" in the city, this is the charm of new urbanization.

Hunan's "two-oriented society" comprehensive supporting reform experiment will "test the water" land supporting reform.

The reporter recently learned from the Hunan Provincial Land and Resources Work Conference that the Hunan provincial government decided to build the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration into a pilot area for land use and management innovation in Hunan. Zhou Qiang, deputy secretary of Hunan Provincial Party Committee and governor, requested at the meeting to study and formulate the land management reform plan of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration from the aspects of rural land circulation and land compensation and resettlement. It is also required that the relevant supporting programs must be completed before the end of March 2008.

"The key to the supporting reform of land management is to establish a rural land ownership transfer system, vigorously expand land use space and implement intensive land use." Dewen Li, member of Hunan Provincial Political Consultative Conference and director of Hunan Chongmin Law Firm, admitted in an interview that to break through the land bottleneck in the construction of "two-oriented society" in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, we must break the "dual dilemma" of land management, promote the innovation of land management system and speed up the transfer of rural land ownership.

Under the dual system

The Dilemma of Rural Land Circulation

"Most of the boundaries of the three cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan are rural areas, which is also the focus of the future financial city. However, their land nature is rural collective property rights land, which cannot be directly converted into urban construction industrial land under the current system. " Dewen Li said that it is difficult to truly reflect the true will of our country.

Another drawback of land management under the dual system is that the compensation for landless farmers is obviously low, and the interests of farmers can not be guaranteed for a long time.

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The staff of the Policy and Regulation Department of Hunan Provincial Department of Land and Resources revealed to reporters that the current land acquisition is not based on the actual price of the land, but on the original use of the land and the output value of cultivated land in previous years. According to the current land management law, the total compensation for land acquisition and farmers' resettlement is 10-16 times of the average annual output value of cultivated land in the three years before land acquisition, with the maximum not exceeding 30 times.

"According to this standard, the cash compensation for farmers is usually between 0.5 million yuan and 35,000 yuan per mu/kloc-0. Although it may be higher in the suburbs such as the junction of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, this compensation standard is very low compared with the income obtained by the government through bidding, auctioning and hanging the same plot in the secondary land market. " Dewen Li said that as participants in the transaction, farmers have every right to share the rising land prices and rents. However, under the current land expropriation system, the market value increment of rural collective land transfer belongs to the government, and farmers are excluded from the income sharing of rural collective land transfer.

"This is essentially a deprivation of farmers' land value-added income." Dewen Li said.

Rural land ownership transfer into the market

"The key to solving the dilemma of rural land transfer is to establish a rural land ownership transfer system." Dewen Li said that under the current legal framework, the ownership of rural collective land is incomplete. Farmers only have the right to possess, use and benefit from land, but have no right to dispose of it. They can't transfer the ownership of rural collective land by buying, selling, transferring and giving. The rights such as lease, mortgage, transfer and shareholding attached to rural collective land are beyond the reach of farmers.

Yang, a researcher at the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that only by highly integrating the ownership and use rights of rural collective land, eliminating the inequality between state-owned land and rural collective land rights, and greatly enhancing the economic value of land in the process of industrialization and urbanization can the interests of farmers be truly guaranteed.

Dewen Li has no doubt that the transfer of rural land ownership is a new breakthrough in the current dual land management system, so we must grasp the breakthrough point in regional selection and technical operation.

"In terms of regional selection, we should focus on those areas with good policy resources and perfect basic conditions." He believes that the border region of Hunan, Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan is an ideal region: the comprehensive reform policy is well coordinated, adjacent to the industrial concentration areas of the three cities, and the surrounding areas are mostly rural areas.

On the technical operation level, he emphasized the farmers' market dominant position in the land ownership transfer: farmers must be in an equal market dominant position with the other party to the transaction, and have all the complete rights of land ownership, including possession, income, use and disposal, as well as subcontracting, leasing, mortgage, shareholding and other rights. "Only in this way can we ensure the fair realization of farmers' interests. "

"Of course, the establishment of rural land ownership transfer system is not to deny the land acquisition system, which must be clear." This mechanism allocates limited land resources. "Therefore, in the transfer of rural land ownership, it is necessary to raise the compensation price for land acquisition of rural collective land and establish a guarantee mechanism for landless farmers so that their living standards will not decline. These are two unavoidable things. It can not only maximize the value-added income of farmers' land, but also prevent extensive use and waste of land from the institutional level and realize intensive use of land. At the same time, a lot of land can be freed for the construction of "two-oriented society", so that land resources can play a greater economic effect.