Introduction of water-saving measures for farmland irrigation?

In agricultural production, the water consumption of farmland water conservancy is very large, accounting for more than half of the water consumption of industrial and agricultural production in China. However, the lack of water resources in the world forces us to make great efforts in farmland water use, improve the utilization rate of farmland water and save water. Therefore, how to adopt water-saving measures in farmland irrigation is an urgent problem for us to solve. This article talks about my own views on this issue.

One is water-saving irrigation technology during sowing.

Implement water-saving irrigation technology when sowing. For example, sowing winter wheat in North China Plain depends on soil moisture. Generally, the seeds are sown in June+10 every year in 5438. After the autumn harvest, if it rains in autumn, the soil moisture is good and suitable for sowing, and farmers can sow directly through rotary tillage. If the weather is dry, there is little rain and the soil moisture is insufficient, it is necessary to irrigate with small water before sowing. In this case, farmers generally use border irrigation technology.

After the autumn harvest is completed, farmers level the land and then divide it into a series of small beds with field beds, which is a surface irrigation technology. During irrigation, water is introduced into the field, which flows along the length of the border, forming a thin water layer on the border, and wetting the soil while flowing under the impact of water flow. According to the topography, the border field is generally 5-6 meters wide and 10- 12 meters long. The border field is usually flat, such as the uneven slope of the ground. Border irrigation plays an important role in saving water and increasing production. However, judging from the implementation effect, this method is relatively backward and can't keep up with the development of agricultural modernization, and there is still much room for improvement.

In addition, the 2BFS-3 water hard stubble seeder applied in arid and semi-arid areas is also a good choice, that is, an irrigation device is added to the seeder to complete the two tasks of sowing and irrigation. The outlet pipe of this machine is installed behind the sowing pipe. The way it works is to ditch first and then sow. When the seeds are just covered with a small amount of soil, they can be irrigated and finally completely covered with soil. It is characterized by less water consumption, which can directly act on the soil around the seeds, and the sowing depth of the seeds can be controlled, which can well control the soil moisture and ensure the germination rate of the seeds. It is a kind of sowing machine widely used in arid and semi-arid areas.

Second, water-saving irrigation technology for drought resistance and seedling protection

Below I will introduce several advanced water-saving irrigation technologies, such as drought resistance and seedling protection, commonly used shower irrigation technology, drip irrigation technology and sprinkler irrigation technology.

Sprinkler irrigation technology is completed by drought-resistant seedling-protecting irrigation machine, which is a local irrigation machinery. This machine is an irrigation machine with tractor as power source, which consists of water storage tank, high-pressure water pump, water pipe and shower. Mainly used for crop seedling irrigation. The emitter can directly spray water into the ground and directly spray it on the roots of crops. Easy to use and operate, not limited by transportation distance, not occupying cultivated land, saving water and labor. ? The disadvantage is that it is only limited to a small number of local plots for seedling raising and is not suitable for large-scale use.

Drip irrigation technology is to drip water accurately, reliably and evenly into the soil in the root zone of crops through the dripper installed on the pipeline to moisten the soil and achieve the purpose of irrigation. It uses the least amount of water, and the water-saving effect is particularly obvious. It is especially suitable for drought-resistant and seedling-protecting irrigation of crops on demand in arid and water-deficient areas or other areas without water sources. Its advantages are uniform and reliable irrigation water, obvious water-saving effect, beneficial to crop growth and obvious yield-increasing effect, and it is often used for irrigation of cash crops such as greenhouses and greenhouses.

Sprinkler irrigation technology is an advanced water-saving irrigation method, which can be used for drought-resistant and seedling-protecting irrigation of densely planted crops such as wheat and grain. Generally speaking, it uses a moving belt emitter to complete irrigation work. It is an irrigation method that holes are punched in the plastic film tube, then pressurized by a high-pressure pump, atomized through the holes in the belt and sprayed in the field. This irrigation technology has been widely used at home and abroad. It consists of power source, water pump, pipeline and conveyor belt. Sprinkler irrigation has obvious water-saving effect and low cost. However, it is a bit troublesome to use, and it is necessary to manually lay the moving belt in the field. After use, the moving belt will affect the field cultivation, so it is necessary to move the moving belt out of the field in time.

Third, other water-saving irrigation technologies.

1. leak-proof technology

Canal water conveyance or canal water conveyance technology is widely used in agricultural production, and both of them are characterized by long-distance water conveyance. Generally, wells or canals are far away from fields and need to be used to transport water. Therefore, anti-seepage technology is the main means to improve water utilization. At present, cement board and plastic pipe are widely used to prevent seepage, and the effect is good. But the development direction of water delivery technology is pipeline water delivery, and irrigation pipeline is the development trend. This method is efficient, time-saving and labor-saving, occupies less land and is easy to manage, which is worth popularizing in agricultural production.

2. Surge irrigation

Surge irrigation, also known as intermittent irrigation, is a new surface irrigation technology proposed by American scholars. As the name implies, it is like waves and tides during irrigation, wave after wave, and so on. In fact, this can be done. When watering the land, let the water advance for a certain distance at a large flow rate, and then stop irrigation. After a while, the water was released again, so intermittently that the water surged. The principle of this irrigation method is that in the process of rapid water flow, when the water flow is fast and the flow is large, the pore water in the soil will automatically close, thus forming a thin closed layer on the soil surface, which can prevent the deep leakage of water and achieve the purpose of saving water.

3. Micro-irrigation technology

Micro-irrigation technology is a technology between sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, which transports water to the fields that need irrigation through pipeline system. Install emitters such as micro nozzles and micro-spray belts on the last pipeline. It is an irrigation method that uses the emitter to spray water with a certain pressure, and directly transports the water needed by crops to the soil near the roots of crops with a small flow rate to maintain the appropriate humidity of the soil.

As one of the most important water-saving irrigation measures in agriculture, micro-irrigation technology is often applied to farmland orchards. Its remarkable characteristics are water-saving, labor-saving, energy-saving, wide application, effective maintenance of soil and water humidity and improvement of crop yield.

In a word, saving water in irrigation of farmland water conservancy is a major event that benefits the country and the people, and in the long run, it is a major event that benefits future generations; From the perspective of development, it is a measure to realize the sustainable development of agriculture. Water-saving irrigation is an important means to adjust rural industrial structure, which is conducive to improving agricultural productivity and must be placed in the first place in rural water conservancy construction. Water-saving irrigation is a technological innovation to ensure agricultural production and bumper harvest. It is hoped that this measure will be implemented in the vast rural areas as soon as possible, so as to strengthen the overall planning of agricultural industrial structure, facilitate the construction of farmland water conservancy and give better play to the role of farmland water conservancy facilities.

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