What are the achievements, difficulties and problems of new urbanization and new rural construction in China?

The characteristics of new urbanization are urban and rural planning, interaction between production and city, and harmonious development. It is the urbanization of large, medium and small cities, small towns and new rural communities that develop harmoniously and promote each other. Its core is to realize the integration of urban and rural infrastructure and equalization of public services, promote the coordinated development of economy and society, and finally achieve common prosperity. In recent years, with the joint efforts of governments at all levels, China's new urbanization construction has achieved phased results, effectively promoting rapid economic development and significantly improving the living standards of residents. At the same time, in the process of new urbanization, there are problems such as single investment subject, narrow financing channels and backward rural financial development. Taking Panjin City, Liaoning Province as an example, through the investigation of the development characteristics and financing demand of new urbanization in this city, this paper deeply analyzes the problems existing in the development of new urbanization in resource-based cities, and puts forward some targeted countermeasures and suggestions.

Current situation of urbanization.

In recent years, Panjin has successively undertaken four national strategies, namely, the revitalization of Northeast China, the transformation of national resource-based cities, Liaoning coastal economic belt and petroleum energy, and a provincial strategy of Liaoning comprehensive reform experimental zone. Especially since it was formally established in 2009 as the experimental zone for comprehensive reform of urban-rural integration in Liaoning Province, a number of opinions, measures and guiding methods have been issued to promote the development of new urbanization. While fully learning from the advanced experience of urbanization at home and abroad, and fully combining the regional characteristics of small area, small population and high level of urbanization, the local urbanization development model of "urban-rural linkage and global promotion" has been gradually established. Adhere to the "simultaneous advancement of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization", promote the construction of "five-point" urban belts, key towns and characteristic new villages in an orderly manner, and gradually build a new urbanization system of "city-county-key towns-new countryside". The level and quality of urbanization have been comprehensively improved. By the end of 20 13, the urban built-up area of the city reached 125.63 square kilometers, and the total urban population was 1002 million, with the urbanization rate of 69.85%, 5.85 percentage points higher than that in 2009.

Difficulties and problems in the process of new urbanization construction

The investment subject is single, and the infrastructure construction funds are insufficient. At present, the share of financial investment in urbanization infrastructure construction is still relatively large. However, financial funds are limited after all, and with the continuous slowdown of economic growth, the growth rate of fiscal revenue has dropped sharply. Judging from the situation in Panjin, the growth rate of the city's fiscal revenue shows a downward trend. In 20 13, the budget revenue of the city's public budget increased by 6. 1% year-on-year, which was lower than that of previous years. Correspondingly, the city's fixed assets investment increased by 17.6% year-on-year, and continued to operate at a high level. In 20 13, the total number of construction projects in the city was as high as 150, with a total investment of nearly 1000 billion yuan, of which financing demand accounted for nearly half. With the further development of the strategy of opening to the sea and comprehensive transformation, it is expected that the number of construction projects in our city will increase in the next few years, which will bring a huge funding gap. In this case, it is difficult to meet the capital demand of the rapid development of new urbanization construction only by financial capital investment.

Financing channels are narrow, and diversified financing needs are difficult to meet. Although the government arranges special funds for urban and rural development every year to provide financial support and tax relief for county construction, the demand for diversified financing for urbanization is still large.

First, the capital demand for large-scale projects and daily capital demand arising from the development of industrial agglomeration in the process of new industrialization;

Second, the capital demand of urbanization infrastructure, such as the application and transformation of water, electricity, roads, networks and energy;

Third, the demand for funds for public services such as medical care, health care, education, entrepreneurship, and re-employment of rural-to-urban workers;

The fourth is to promote the rapid development of agricultural industrialization and the capital demand for building a modern agricultural industrial demonstration zone;

Fifth, the capital demand for developing modern service industries, such as building characteristic towns.

Judging from the current financing channels in Panjin, there are relatively few financing channels that can meet the needs of urbanization, mainly including general financial expenditure, bank credit and utilization of foreign capital, while direct financing such as stock market and bond market is still insufficient. In addition, in the process of urbanization, the demand for funds for farmers' entrepreneurship, housing and large-scale diversification will also increase rapidly, requiring financial institutions to provide farmers with diversified financial services in terms of business outlets, means of payment, investment and wealth management. The financing channel of urbanization construction is too narrow, which makes the diversified capital demand of new urbanization unable to be met.

The supply of rural financial services is insufficient, and the financing environment needs to be improved. Due to the natural weakness of agricultural development, financial institutions are generally not enthusiastic about the financial supply of new urbanization infrastructure projects, resulting in a serious shortage of rural financial services.

First, the rural financial service capacity is insufficient. Many township savings outlets have not been upgraded to comprehensive outlets. For example, 50% of rural financial outlets in Panjin can only handle savings business, while the access rate of inter-bank payment system in rural comprehensive financial outlets is not high, and enterprise settlement only relies on traditional cheque and remittance settlement methods. Many large and medium-sized enterprises located in towns and villages have traveled thousands of miles to open accounts and settle accounts.

Second, there are few payment services in rural areas. Although Agricultural Bank of China (60 1288, Stock Bar) and Savings Bank have played a major role in the promotion of agricultural aid withdrawal service, they are limited by the low withdrawal limit of transfer telephone, the failure to open the payment service function and the slow promotion progress of Postal Savings Bank.

Third, rural payment demand and supply are not equal. Affected by the economic backwardness and life differentiation in rural areas, the utilization rate of rural payment supply is not high, and the driving force of the overall use of payment tools is small, which restricts the widespread popularization and application of bank cards in rural areas.

The fund management is not standardized enough, and the fund-raising effect needs to be improved. Urbanization generally takes a long time. When the government allocates financial funds, due to many capital circulation links and irregular management, the funds for urbanization construction are not in place in time, and the efficiency of fund use is not high. In addition, most of the funds for urbanization construction come from bank loans, and the use cost of funds is high. Most of the government financing repayment comes from land use right transfer or financial subsidies, and other profit channels are few. However, there are some problems in land mortgage, such as weak liquidity and liquidity, land circulation and price being greatly affected by national macro-policies. With the further strengthening of the macro-control of real estate by the state, the real estate market continues to be depressed, the uncertainty of the future trend increases, and the land transfer income of local governments continues to decline. The high interest expense can only meet the urgent needs of infrastructure construction, but it brings huge financial repayment pressure to government departments, and the financing effect needs to be improved.

Countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the healthy development of new urbanization

Improve the capital investment mechanism and enrich the main body of urbanization investment.

One is to increase public financial input. Give full play to the leverage of financial funds, attract social investors to participate in the development of urbanization, establish a special fund for urbanization, and encourage, reward and compensate some infrastructure investments and public welfare expenditures led by social capital.

The second is to strengthen the fiscal and financial coordination mechanism. For urbanization infrastructure projects, the establishment of this mechanism is conducive to changing the present situation of numerous financial investment management departments, scattered fund arrangements and inefficient use of funds, and can better play the overall function of urbanization infrastructure.

The third is to explore market-oriented financing methods. Implement diversified, standardized and market-oriented financing methods for infrastructure and public service facilities, and give full play to the enthusiasm of various investors and operators in building small towns. At the same time, under the premise of adhering to the project capital system, financial institutions are encouraged to make fixed asset loans, project loans and local government discount loans.

Innovate financing methods and improve the ability of capital supply.

First, explore various forms of property rights mortgage loans. Actively promote the mortgage loan of rural land management rights, promote the pledge of rights such as accounts receivable, warehouse receipts and fishing rights, effectively expand the scope of mortgage guarantee, and solve the financing problem of farmers.

The second is to organize syndicated loans for large-scale projects. A number of banks and banking groups composed of non-bank financial institutions are allowed to adopt the same loan agreement, provide financing to investors in urbanization infrastructure construction and public welfare projects according to the agreed terms and conditions, and carry out agency and wholesale financing services.

The third is to give full play to the direct financing function of the capital market. Encourage qualified leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, modern farmers' professional organizations and small and medium-sized enterprises in emerging industries to carry out direct financing. Encourage local governments to issue bonds to raise funds for urbanization projects undertaken by local governments to make up for the lack of local financial resources.

Innovate financial service methods and improve the financial service environment.

The first is to build a multi-level financial organization system. All financial institutions should improve the allocation of financial resources in small towns and increase the number of institutional outlets, staffing and infrastructure in small towns. And according to their own comparative advantages and business development strategy, clear market positioning, reduce homogenization and disorderly competition, and carry out differentiated and characteristic services.

The second is to innovate financial products to meet the personalized financial needs of urbanization. Encourage financial institutions to develop loan products for service industries in small towns and increase financial support for service industries in small towns. Explore innovative modes such as commercial income right pledge and green credit, improve the standardization of urban cultural facilities, medical conditions and community pension, and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.

The third is to improve the convenience of financial services. According to urban expansion and population growth, we will continue to increase the construction of payment channels, increase the number of ATM machines and bank card acceptance equipment in cities and towns, and actively promote innovative payment capabilities such as online payment, telephone payment and mobile payment.

Standardize fund management and improve the efficiency of fund use.

The first is to establish a special fund management system. Urbanization is related to the overall situation of urban economic development, the living standards of local residents and social progress. We should establish a special management system for urbanization funds, so that special funds can be managed by special personnel and earmarked for special purposes, so as to prevent funds from being illegally abused and delayed.

The second is to establish a supervision mechanism for the use of funds. The establishment of special funds for urbanization supervision institutions, the issuance of funds, management and use of necessary supervision, to avoid misappropriation of funds and unnecessary losses.

The third is to formulate regular notification procedures for the use of funds. Relevant government departments should regularly report the use of funds and the main uses of funds, so that the masses can grasp the whereabouts of funds and effectively improve the transparency of the use of funds, which is conducive to the supervision of the masses on the use of urbanization funds.