Write a 2,500-word essay on the art of residential architecture and the home

China's ancient houses are too old, because we can even enter the "caveman" home. There are all kinds of Chinese dwellings, each with its own flavor, which are the materialized way of life of the ancient people, and the main stage for the people of all ethnic groups in China to perform the drama of life.

The forms of residential buildings are colorful and surprisingly varied. In the northern region, buildings are mostly built with thick walls as four walls to resist the cold climate of wind, frost, rain and snow, while in the hot and humid south, it is necessary to make the buildings well ventilated, moisture-proof and other features to create a more comfortable environment.

The term "residential" first came from the "Zhou Li": "argue ten or two of the name of the soil, to the phase of the people's homes, and know the damage, to the people, in order to tomato birds and animals, in order to Yuk grass and trees, in order to be the earth affairs." Shuo said: "Both know the twelve of the appropriate to phase the people's homes, so that the right place." Civilian residence is relative to the royal family outside the common people's homes, including the nobleman's mansion garden residence.

One, Shanxi residential

China's traditional residential throughout the country, extensive and rich. Mention of northern dwellings, people must first think of the famous Beijing courtyard houses, but do not know, the essence of northern dwellings in Shanxi. Just as the ancient temples and other official buildings in Shanxi Province is the country's largest number of preserved, the longest period of time, the best quality, Shanxi Province is also the country's traditional residential architecture is the largest number of surviving, the quality of the best, the artistic achievements of a very high level of a province.

(I) Jinzhong Guangsha--Qiaojiaju

In China's traditional houses, in terms of its architectural art, Shanxi houses and Anhui houses are known as "North Shanxi, South Anhui houses", because of a movie "Red Lanterns Hanging Tall" and became famous overseas, the movie "Red Lanterns Hanging Tall" and "Red Lanterns Hanging Tall". The movie "red lanterns hanging high" and renowned overseas Qiao family compound is located in Qixian, Shanxi Province.

Qixian residential plan layout and body type is quite distinctive, belonging to the typical Shanxi residential. First, the courtyard is mostly narrow east-west, north-south long vertical rectangle, the courtyard door is mostly open in the southeast corner, in line with the feng shui art of "kan house xun door". Secondly, the main houses are single-slope roofs, and most of the houses around the courtyard have single-slope roofs with slopes towards the inner courtyard, which makes the outer walls tall, and the rainwater flows into the courtyard, forming "fertilizer does not flow out". Third, the outer wall is tall and heavy, strong defense. Qixian County, the alleyway, on both sides are no windows of the high walls, in which, can not help but think of the ancient ghost.

Qixian County homes, the most famous to be counted in the Qiaojia compound, when the film "red lanterns hanging high" in the filming perspective clearly reflects the layout of this ancient residential features and spatial combinations, as well as fine details of the decorative and so on. Although the filmmaker only used these as the background for rendering the storyline, we can still feel the grandeur of this mansion.

1. Rigorous and orderly castle

The Qiao family compound is located in Qiaojiabao village in Qixian County. This is a village with local characteristics, into the village of Qiaojiabao, the roadside are towering green and gray brick walls, no windows, and occasionally there are one or two round arched doorways, which is a black lacquered wooden door, appearing to be walled in.

The compound faces the street on three sides and is independent of the surrounding homes. The compound is surrounded by a closed brick wall, more than three feet high, the upper floor is a female wall type of palisades, there are more buildings, overlook the pavilion dotted between, as if the city walls of the enemy tower, looks very imposing. Qiao family compound is such a fully enclosed square castle-style compound.

The Qiao Family Residence was built in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and has been renovated twice since then. The whole house is divided into 6 large courtyard, 19 small courtyard, house *** counts 313, covers an area of about 8700 square meters. Buildings are many but not chaotic, the layout is rigorous and orderly.

2. Novelty and unique shape

Shanxi residential modeling is characterized by a single slope roof, the roof tilted inward, and a single slope behind the roof of the high wall facing out of the yard, the wall is tall and closed, with a strong defensive. Shanxi's dry climate, spring and winter seasons with high winds, tall walls can prevent wind. Qixian single slope roof of the residence is unique local characteristics, are boat side of the reverse curve of the level of the form, which is common with a single concave curve, or convex curve roof are not the same, the form of novelty and uniqueness.

The most distinctive feature of the Qiao Family Residence is also its upper roof. The gate on the city is on the roof of the dark room must go through, up and down the stairs have to go through a dark passage staircase underneath. After going up, all the roof can go, the roof of the passage is mainly designed for the more husband, the road curved, but all the way. The roof of the Qiao family compound also has a moreover building, the scale is not big, but very exquisite. Cottage roofs walk casually, but the tops of single slopes are left with a narrow path and a short daughter wall on the outside to prevent people from falling.

Standing on the roof of the Qiao family compound, seeing the undulating changes of height in front of you will make you feel the rhythm and mystery of the rise and fall, rise and fall, rise and fall, rise and fall, rise and fall, rise and fall, rise and fall, rise and fall, rise and fall, rise and fall, rise and fall, rise and fall in the aesthetics of architecture.

3. Exquisite detail decoration

Such a compound, its brick carvings, wood carvings and other decorative details abound, dazzling. And every carving every picture has its folklore, are a story, people watching the evocative.

Qiao family compound **** there are six compounds, although after several phases of construction, the middle of the time span of nearly two centuries, but still maintain a unified style, the whole building as one, fully demonstrated China's ancient working people's high level of architectural craftsmanship.

Ancient streets and lanes, towering gray brick walls, ornately carved gate towers, as well as the hitching post in front of the gate and the mounting stone ...... Wandering among them, we seem to return to the prosperous era of the Jinzhong region, feeling the residents at that time live in peace and prosperity, a happy life, but also to experience the predecessors with the architectural means to express the desire for a better life ......

We are the only ones who have ever lived in the Jinzhong area. We also experienced the architectural means used by the previous generations to express their aspirations for a better life. ......

(2) Pearl on the North China Plain - Pingyao Dwellings

Pingyao Ancient City is the quintessence of northern dwellings. The architectural pattern of the village and town here is regular and rigorous, with the houses themselves neatly arranged and relatively closed in an inward-looking pattern. On both sides of the straight and long narrow streets, there are mountain-style gate towers, which are simple and clear, marking the entrance to the homes below. Under the gatehouse, from the wall cantilevered out of the finely decorated, ornate beam square, supporting the same delicate arch, *** with the roof above, the ridge and the courtyard wall on the end of the flush, giving the impression that "see the wall and do not see the house". Its side along the street on the head of the outer wall with neatly milled bricks out of a variety of airy flower wall, so that the taller, flat vertical wall appears lively, lightweight, and will not let a person produce excessively depressing feeling, is not lost as a concise and effective decorative techniques. Outside the gate is often placed on the stone carving of the horse stone. Doorway on both sides of the brick stacks, and set the door pillow stone, the doorway is relatively narrower, quite closed, tight, with a certain role in defense. The inner courtyard is narrower, so that the two sides of the room by the east and west sun less time. The courtyard axis is clear, the main house is relatively tall, wide, some deep house courtyard and multiple layers connected. Placed in the courtyard flowers and plants, so that the monotonous color environment becomes fresh, lively, friendly. Some of the big families of the residence, the secondary courtyard of the flat roof also added on the roof of the building, called the "embroidery floor", which is the young women's "boudoir", the shape of its small and exquisite, as if the house of the point of view of the sketches. In addition to the mansion side of the courtyard wall high (to prevent foreign invasion, theft occurs), outside the top of the mountain wall is very easy to be over the top of the wall are false masonry and floating shelves, arranged in a patterned hollow wall, once a thief swept in, down the flower wall, one can be out of the movement of the alarming, and two can be tripped thieves, play a role in the defense and vigilance. Now it seems, it has become a favorite, ornamental art decorations.

The wooden houses in Pingyao County do not seem to be as stately as those in Qixian County, but when we walk into the courtyard of the houses, we are surprised to find that the main house is a freestanding kiln form.