Which of the five education policies is original?

Cai Yuanpei's educational policy of "five simultaneous education"

Early in 1912, Cai Yuanpei published an article entitled "Opinions on Educational Policies," in which he put forward the educational ideas of "education for nationals, education for realism, education for civic morality, education for worldview, and education for aesthetic beauty," from the point of view of "cultivating a sound national character".

In early December, Cai Yuanpei published Opinions on Education Guidelines, in which he put forward the idea of education for the military, national education, realism, civic and moral education, worldview education, and beauty education.

I. Five Education

1. Military Education

The main purpose was to strengthen the body. It advocates the introduction of the military into schools and social education, so that students and the public are subject to a certain degree of military education and training, and emphasizes the militarization of students' lives, especially the militarization of physical education and so on.

2. Pragmatist Education

This means that "the livelihood of the people is the backbone of general education", that education is closely related to national economic life, that vocational skills training is strengthened, and that education is able to play a role in improving the country's economic capacity and the standard of living of the people.

3. Civic and moral education

The main content is bourgeois freedom, equality and fraternity. However, Cai Yuanpei also made it clear that some of the basic categories of traditional Chinese ethics, especially Confucian ethics, are also similar in connotation to the spirit of freedom, equality and fraternity, so he advocated respecting the inheritance of traditional Chinese culture, drawing on the nutrients conducive to the construction of bourgeois morality, and combining the two to cultivate a sense of morality in the nation.

4. Worldview Education

Cai Yuanpei originated it as the highest state of education. It aims to cultivate people's concepts and spirituality that are based on the "phenomenal world", but transcend the "phenomenal world" and are close to the "physical world".

5, beauty education

and worldview education is closely linked. The use of aesthetic education to cultivate and purify the human mind is the main way of worldview education.

Second, the five education

Cai Yuanpei believes that "five education" can not be neglected. Among them, military education, pragmatism education, civic morality education favors the concept of the "phenomenal world", which is subordinate to political education; worldview education and aesthetic education aim at pursuing the concept of the "physical world", which is beyond the political education. Cai Yuanpei believed that, among the five education, military and national education was physical education, pragmatism education was intellectual education, civic moral education was moral education, aesthetic education could assist moral education, and worldview education was the highest state of education by combining moral, intellectual, and physical education into one. Although the role of each of the five education is different, but are necessary to "develop a sound national personality", is an integral part of the unity of the organic part of the whole.