Where are the specialties of Lu embroidery?

Lu embroidery is an intangible cultural heritage in Shandong Province.

Embroidery is a traditional craft in China with a long history. In addition to the four famous embroideries (Su embroidery, Xiang embroidery, Yue embroidery and Shu embroidery) mainly produced in Jiangsu, Hunan, Guangdong and Sichuan, the colorful "Lu embroidery", as an organic part of Qilu culture, has long been famous at home and abroad. There are many kinds of Lu embroidery products, mainly including the following:

After the first year of Tongzhi (1862), British missionaries and businessmen came to Yantai. In the 1990s 19, British missionaries Zhan Mu Matu Maolan and his wife came to Yantai and found that women in Jiaodong were ingenious and good at weaving and embroidering. So in the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), Rende Foreign Firm was founded, and a group of believers were formed to learn European embroidery technology and produce embroidery technology crystals for export. In the twenty-first year of Guangxu (1895), Mrs. Ma Maolan founded Peizhen School in Yantai, where she enrolled students and made embroidery handicrafts part-time. Many people come to study. Later, Rende Foreign Firm distributed raw materials and finished products through lace villages in Qixia, Fushan and Penglai counties, and organized the export of wooden bat lace and quilt lace. Due to the cheap labor of rural women, Rende Foreign Firm has reached 50,000 to 62,000 yuan by the beginning of this century. After liberation, Yantai embroidery production has developed greatly, with hundreds of thousands of employees and products sold to more than 60 countries and regions. The varieties of drawnwork are carved Ping Xiu, Weihai Mangong buttonhole, Rushan buttonhole, shuttle lace, wooden stick lace, handmade lace, net buckle, crochet and so on. , and enjoys a high reputation in the international market.

Jimo lace, also known as Jimo edge cover, is a kind of handicraft crystal with a history of nearly 100 years. 19 10, Jimo artists introduced Italian lace for local production, and combined with the characteristics of folk weaving and embroidery, they constantly innovated and improved their work styles, stitches and patterns, and gradually formed Jimo hemming with unique national style and local characteristics. Since the establishment of 1956, Jimo Lace Factory has developed from the initial varieties and specifications of 10 to more than 2,300 different colors and specifications of tablecloths, tableware, bedspreads, sofa cover, collars, umbrellas and piano covers of 10. Jimo lace is a kind of single-thread embroidery lace. The main raw materials are high-quality flax and special mercerization, and the colors are mainly beige and bleached. In weaving and embroidery, it adopts more than 70 kinds of stitches of lace and embroidery, and integrates lace and embroidery into one, so that the two different stitches are harmonious and unified, with distinct layers, delicate colors and relief, forming a unique Jimo lace art. In the international market, Jimo lace is regarded as a treasure in embroidery and sells well in more than 40 countries and regions.

Qingzhou rich lace is a kind of high-grade craft crystal which is made of refined cotton thread and flax as the main raw materials and is woven and embroidered. The main variety is table cloth. Technologically, the ribbon-shaped dragon is woven with a mallet, and the warp and weft intersect as a pattern bone, with different dense meshes filled in the middle, and 10 various stitches are used. Among them, the raised patterns on cotton embroidery have a sense of relief. The middle is decorated with several gaps and machine locks, just like the twinkling of stars, which is more noble with the surrounding flowers and has the reputation of "king of embroidery" in the world. Origin is mainly distributed in Zibo, Qingzhou, Dongying and other places. Carved Ping Xiu is produced in Wendeng, Rongcheng, Weihai, Haiyang and Longkou. It is embroidered with mercerized craft crystals on linen and cotton. It uses techniques such as carving, sewing, painting, tying and embroidering. The patterns are mainly peonies, chrysanthemums, roses and grapes, lined with various grass patterns, which are rigorous, symmetrical and distinct.

Penglai shuttle lace is produced in Penglai city. When knitting, cotton thread is placed in a small shuttle made of metal or horn. The artist pulls the thread end out of the shuttle with his left hand, holds the shuttle with his right hand, weaves it into plum-blossom flowers by threading ropes and looping, and then sews the flowers into lace. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, shuttle lace was very popular in Penglai area. In addition to the export, women keep it for their own use and decorate it on clothes, shoes, hats, pillows and door curtains. Now lace has developed into tablecloths, bedspreads, gauze mats, dresses and other large fabrics. 1980 Penglai lace won the national gold medal.

Claw lace is mainly produced in Qixia County. When making, the lace blueprint is first attached to the disc-shaped board, and then a pin is inserted according to the blueprint. The pin is made of many small wooden sticks (at least a dozen, at least dozens and hundreds) wound with cotton yarn. Wooden stick lace is used for full-work large sets, cotton, linen embroidery edges, etc.

Hand lace is produced in Rongcheng city. Known as embroidery treasures in the international market. It is exquisite in craftsmanship, not only exquisite, but also straightforward. It can stand upright on the table, which is incomparable to other similar products, so it is expensive and even collected as an art treasure.

The net buckle is mainly produced in Zhaoyuan County. Varieties include tableware, tablecloths, bedspreads, sofa cover, cushions, curtains and other daily necessities. When knitting, first form a square grid cloth according to the design requirements, and then decorate it with different patterns. In the Great Hall of the People, State Guesthouse and other important places, there are net-buckle curtains produced by Zhaoyuan, with patterns such as pine, bamboo, plum blossom and grapes on them, which are elegant and chic.

Crochets are all over Jiaodong. It hooks cotton yarn with a special hook-knitting method and weaves various patterns, which is a knitting technology widely circulated among the people. Varieties include cushions, wallets, handbags, vests, headscarves, shawls, children's hats and so on. In recent years, there are table cloths, bedspreads, dresses and other daily necessities, which are welcomed by foreign businessmen for export.

Man Gong Kousuo was named after it was produced in Weihai. When making, the outline of the pattern is locked on the tablecloth and bedspread with crochet, and then the bottom cloth outside the pattern is dug out with scissors to form a hollow. The work has distinct layers, strong sense of the main bowl and artistic effect of carving, so it is also called carving and embroidery. Weihai Man Gong Kou Lock is very famous in the international market and is called ahava type of work. 198 1 year, won the national silver cup award.

Rushan buttonhole is produced in Rushan City. When making, two warp yarns and weft yarns are sequentially removed from cotton and linen according to the pattern, leaving three yarns to form a regular net structure, and then the net is wrapped into square meshes with needle and thread, and the pattern is formed by arranging the square meshes. There are also square eyes arranged on the outer edge of the pattern to set off the pattern on the cloth. In this way, there are flowers in Rushan's dazzling, which set each other off and become interesting, and are deeply loved by users at home and abroad.

Raw silk tablecloth 1963 is a unique handicraft created by embroidery artists in Shidao Town, Rongcheng City, which combines embroidery and embroidery. When making, the artist chooses the base cloth of raw silk with elegant and bright colors and colored silk threads, and uses Ping Xiu, pull embroidery, cushion embroidery and various painting techniques such as picking, winding, twisting and locking to embroider colorful patterns. Raw silk tablecloths have been selling well in the market since they came out.

Bai Daili was the first drawnwork variety in Weifang in the early 1960s. It takes refined cotton yarn, various woven ribbons, flax and cotton cloth as raw materials. When making, the woven fabric will be laid into a lace skeleton according to the drawing, and then the ever-changing patterns will be filled by hand with different stitches. It is suitable for making tablecloths, bedspreads, clothes, sofa cover and other daily necessities. It is a common and practical variety in embroidery.

Yantai cashmere embroidery, also known as wool embroidery, is a handicraft that uses high-quality wool of different colors to embroider patterns on hard mesh cloth (also known as steel wire cloth). At the beginning of the 20th century, British missionary James Mamaolan founded Rende Foreign Firm in Yantai, and this craft was introduced to Yantai from Europe. At that time, the steel wire cloth was produced by "Dingxinjiu" factory in Yantai, and the pattern was designed by Luyoset Company, which specializes in velvet embroidery in new york, USA, according to the decorative style of Louis XIV. It is produced in the velvet embroidery factory affiliated to Rende Foreign Firm, and its products are very popular in the United States. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, Yantai velvet embroidery stopped production with the closure of Rende Foreign Firm. In 1950s, Yantai resumed the production of velvet embroidery. Over the past 40 years, Yantai velvet embroidery has integrated China traditional crafts with European styles, creating a new look of Yantai velvet embroidery. At present, the color of wool has reached 1000. The needling method has developed from a simple policy to picking needles, mixing needles, disorderly needles, punching holes, napping, brocade laying and so on. It can not only produce daily necessities such as cushions with rich patterns, but also imitate the world famous paintings, color photos, portraits and Chinese paintings. Sunrise in the East China Sea in the Shandong Hall of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing and Land of the Motherland in the main hall of Chairman Mao Memorial Hall are representative works of Yantai embroidery, which have won unanimous appreciation from Chinese and foreign tourists.

Linqing Hada Linqing produces a kind of silk products with pure land or religious patterns, including official Buddha statue, Pa Wen, pure flower red silk, Buddha statue, eight-treasure silk and so on. It is a gift of respect from Tibetans, Mongolians and other ethnic groups. This technology was introduced from Russia during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In its heyday, there were more than 700 households engaged in Hada production, which later declined. After liberation, it was restored and developed, and its products were sold to Qinghai, Gansu, Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China and other ethnic minority areas.

In a word, "Lu embroidery" is a wonderful flower in the embroidery garden of the motherland. Although many varieties were produced in the modern times when the imperialist powers carved up China, the soil that produced them was Qilu, and the people used their blood and sweat to blend western patterns and craft varieties with China's traditional needle embroidery skills and aesthetic taste. In its body, it not only embodies the material development of Qilu culture, but also embodies the basic spirit that Qilu culture is good at learning from each other.

Source of information: Shandong Aixin.com.