Summary of geographical knowledge points in 2022 senior high school entrance examination

Many students are confused when reviewing geography, and they can't find the key points and high-frequency test sites. The following is a geographical summary of the 2022 senior high school entrance examination compiled by me for your reference only. Welcome to read this article.

High school geography exam knowledge points 1

Urban Spatial Structure and Urbanization

First, the spatial structure of the city.

1. Urban land use type (land use) with the same urban functional zoning (1) Business district: located in the center of the city, on both sides of the main traffic lines-convenient transportation, developed communication and large flow of people; Strong ability to pay rent. ★ Central Business District (CBD): Dense buildings, high-rise buildings and convenient transportation-the area is limited, but the demand is large. (2) Industrial zone: generally distributed on the edge of the city, with convenient transportation, and most rivers, railways and highways pass by. (3) Residential area: it is the most extensive land use mode in the city. (4) Cultural district: generally speaking, it is required to have a beautiful environment and stay away from the industrial and commercial district. Attention should be paid to the protection of cultural relics and historic sites in urban construction.

2. The reasons for the formation of urban regional functional zoning are historical factors, economic factors, social factors and administrative factors.

3. City scale and regional structure, service scope★ Small cities: the regional structure differentiation is not obvious, the types of services provided are few, the level is low, and the service scope is small. ★ Big cities: the regional structure is clearly differentiated, and the services provided are various, high-level and wide-ranging.

Second, the impact of urban location factors

1. Natural aspects (1) Topography-high urban density in plain areas (2) Climate-high urban density in warm and humid areas (3) Rivers-The water supply and transportation functions of rivers determine the location of cities.

2. Socio-economic aspects (1) Agricultural foundation (2) Traffic conditions: the urban axis can be formed along the coast, along the river, along the railway and along expressway. Most cities in the north are located at the intersection of main streets. ★ Changes in traffic routes will have an impact on urban development. (For example, Yangzhou: the canal prospered when it was navigable, but declined after it was silted up). (3) Politics (such as administrative center), military defense, religion, science and technology and tourism can also promote the formation and growth of cities.

Knowledge points of geography exam in senior two.

urbanization

1. Signs of urbanization ① Increase in urban population ② Increase in the proportion of urban population to the total population ③ Expansion of urban land use scale. One of the most important indicators is the percentage of urban population to the total population.

2. Characteristics of urbanization after World War II ① The development speed of big cities is faster than that of small cities; ② The number of big cities is increasing; ③ Megacities with a population of 1 10,000 have developed rapidly. -the trend of great urbanization

3. Urbanization in developed countries ① Features: early start, high level, slow speed and anti-urbanization. ② Reasons for anti-urbanization: the demand for environmental quality has increased, and the infrastructure in rural areas and small towns has been gradually improved. "

4. Urbanization in developing countries ① Features: late start, low level, high speed and obvious urbanization trend. ② Urbanization in China lags behind industrialization. (3) Unreasonable urban development: big cities expand rapidly, small and medium-sized cities develop slowly, and the population is concentrated in a few big cities.

5. The general law of urbanization Urbanization-Suburban Urbanization-Reverse Urbanization-Re-urbanization

The Impact of Urbanization on the Natural Environment

1. Impact of urbanization on natural environment (1) Impact on climate: heat island effect, serious air pollution (2) Impact on hydrology: Impact on groundwater-infiltration decreases, and the range and depth of groundwater funnel increases. For river water, the speed of slope water is accelerated, and the time of river catchment is shortened, which makes it easier to form flood peaks. Water quality-urban industrial wastewater and domestic sewage pollute urban water sources. (3) Impact on biology: the variety of lawn and plantation is single; The destruction of biological habitats reduces biodiversity.

2. Protect and improve the urban environment-"Eco-city" (1) Establish satellite cities, develop new areas and decentralize urban functions. (2) Improve urban traffic and living environment. Broaden main roads, build ring roads, and build elevated roads, subways, and light rail transit. (3) Protecting and managing the urban environment. Vigorously strengthen greening construction.

Knowledge points of geography exam in senior three.

Human production activities and regional relations

First, agricultural location factors

1. Natural factors (light and heat, water source, topography and soil): transformation-greenhouse agriculture, terraced fields, fertilization and watering.

2. Socio-economic factors (market, transportation, land rent, policies, labor force) ★ The market determines the type and scale of agriculture. ★ With the development of traffic conditions (especially fresh-keeping and refrigeration technology), the influence of the market on agricultural location has expanded geographically.

3. Technical factors (breeding, machinery, fertilizers, pesticides)

Second, the main types of agricultural areas

1. Distribution of commodity grain agriculture (1): mainly distributed in the United States, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Russia and other countries. (2) Main varieties: wheat and corn (dryland crops, which are convenient for mechanized production). (3) Formation conditions ★ Natural conditions: flat terrain, vast arable land, vast land and sparsely populated. ★ Socio-economic conditions: developed transportation, high technical level (high degree of mechanization) (4) Features: large production scale; High degree of mechanization; Give priority to family farms.

2. Distribution of rice planting (monsoon paddy field agriculture): Typical areas in monsoon regions of East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia: Asian location conditions: climate: monsoon climate, rain and heat at the same time, suitable terrain for rice growth: river plain or downstream of estuary delta, flat terrain, deep soil layer, conducive to farming labor: labor-intensive agriculture, dense population, rich labor force, conducive to intensive cultivation. Features: Small farmers operate on a household basis; High yield and low commodity rate; Low level of mechanization and technology; The amount of water conservancy projects is large.

3. The main livestock and grain mixed agriculture. Pond production in the Pearl River Delta is mainly a mixed agriculture of fishery and forestry.

Knowledge points of high school geography examination questions 4

Traditional industrial zone

1. The dominant factor of location selection Most traditional industrial zones are formed and developed on the basis of rich coal and iron resources. ★ Conditions for Angang's development in China: rich coal and iron resources and convenient transportation ★ Conditions for Baosteel's development in China: convenient transportation and broad market (iron ore is mainly imported from Australia, India and other countries).

2. The existing problems (1) are mainly heavy industry with single production structure; (2) the consumption of raw materials and energy is large, the transportation volume is large, and the economic benefits are declining; (3) serious environmental pollution, etc.

3. Solutions (Take Ruhr District of Germany as an example) (1) Adjust the economic structure: develop emerging industries and tertiary industries, transform the coal and steel industry, and promote the diversification of the economic structure (2) Develop science and technology: develop science and technology, promote tourism, prosper the economy, and promote sustainable development (3) Optimize the environment: eliminate pollution, plant trees and beautify the environment.

Xinxing industrial zone

1. Major emerging industrial zones: "Silicon Valley" in the United States and "Silicon Island" in Japan.

2. The leading factors of site selection: advanced technology, convenient transportation (expressway, airport) and beautiful environment.

Influence of industrial production activities on geographical environment

1. Impact on the atmosphere: Arbitrary discharge of industrial waste gas causes air pollution. (1) Global warming: A large number of fossil fuels are burned and forests are cut down, which increases the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. (2) Acid rain: Coal burning emits a lot of SO2. China-sulfuric acid rain, developed countries-nitric acid rain (3) Ozone layer destruction: factories, mines, families and other enterprises use refrigerators and refrigeration equipment. , and discharge a large number of chlorofluorocarbons. (4) photochemical smog: hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides emitted by automobile exhaust will undergo photochemical reactions under the action of ultraviolet rays. ★ Governance ideas: reduce harmful gas emissions-① improve the composition of energy consumption: develop and utilize clean energy such as hydropower; Develop and utilize new energy sources such as solar energy and nuclear energy. ② Improve energy utilization efficiency: carry out technical transformation and equipment renewal ③ Reduce the emission of harmful substances: comprehensive utilization, clean production, discharge up to standard, and find substitutes.

2. Water pollution: The arbitrary discharge of industrial wastewater causes water pollution-heavy metal pollution and water eutrophication.

3. Solid waste pollution

Knowledge points of high school geography examination questions 5

Regional relations in production activities

Including transportation, communication, commerce and trade.

1. The importance of communication between different regions in promoting people flow, logistics and information flow. (1) Political significance-conducive to people's exchanges and cultural exchanges and promoting national unity; Conducive to consolidating national defense security. (2) Economic significance-promoting resource development and changing resource advantage into economic advantage; Promote the production and circulation of commodities and promote economic development.

2. The main modes of transportation are railway, highway, waterway, aviation and pipeline.

3. Communication includes postal services (delivery of letters, articles, etc.). ) and telecommunications (transmitting sound, images, pictures, etc. , including telegraph, telephone and Internet).

4. Conditions for the formation of a business center (1) Stable commodity source area (2) Stable sales area (3) Developed traffic.

Transportation layout

1. Main location factors and economic factors; Natural factors (topography, rivers, natural disasters, etc. ); Technical factors ★ The overall direction of the line depends on economic factors, while the specific direction of a certain section may depend on topography, geology or technical conditions.

2. Changes in location factors In the past, natural factors were the most important influencing factors; With the progress of science and technology, economic factors become more and more important.

3. The location factors of Shanghai Port are mainly water conditions (navigation conditions and berthing conditions) and land conditions (port construction conditions, hinterland conditions and relying on cities).

4. Airport construction (1) should have a flat and open terrain with an appropriate slope to ensure drainage; (2) Good geological conditions to ensure the stability of the foundation; (3) Avoid low wetland points; (4) Keep a proper distance from the city: the land is vast and sparsely populated, and the city has a smoke screen.

5. Highway construction (1) Plain area: avoid swamps and handle the relationship with farmland water conservancy facilities and urban development. (2) Mountainous area: It bends zigzag on steep slopes, and roads in valleys should avoid steep slopes. Make full use of natural conditions and avoid areas with complex terrain, geology and hydrological conditions.

Expanding reading: How much does the academic proficiency test affect the college entrance examination?

As long as the academic proficiency test meets the graduation requirements, it will not affect the college entrance examination.

Academic proficiency test is a level test to identify the learning quality of related subjects of ordinary senior high school students. It is different from the college entrance examination of selection nature, and it is also different from the module examination of credit recognition.

Academic proficiency test is the main means to evaluate whether the relevant subjects of ordinary high school students meet the requirements of curriculum standards, and it is also an important means to check the fairness and justice of credit recognition in ordinary high school.

Academic proficiency test scores are one of the main reference bases for college enrollment and selection.

The implementation of the academic level examination system in ordinary high schools is conducive to ensuring that ordinary high schools organize education and teaching in accordance with the national curriculum plan and curriculum standards, to monitoring the quality of education and teaching in ordinary high schools, and to promoting schools to continuously improve the quality and level of curriculum implementation.

The purpose of high school academic level examination is to further accelerate the construction of quality monitoring system in ordinary high schools, promote the effective implementation of curriculum reform in ordinary high schools, and comprehensively improve the quality of education and teaching. Combined with the actual development of ordinary high schools in various provinces, the corresponding examinations are organized on the basis of careful investigation and argumentation and extensive solicitation of opinions from all parties.