Guangxi Wenchang Quzhong

During Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, the time tune of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces was introduced into Guangxi, and gradually merged with Guilin dialect in its circulation, and was influenced by local folk songs and operas. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, a Guangxi literary field with local characteristics in northern Guangxi had gradually formed. Mainly singing, sometimes in plain English. The form of singing is composed of several people, divided into life, Dan, clean and ugly. The number of singers depends on the characters in the songbook, and each person assumes a role. Each singer also plays an accompaniment instrument, the main instrument is dulcimer, as well as pipa, sanxian, erhu, flute, cloud board, board and so on. There are also people who wear makeup and costumes to sing, which is called "hanging clothes in the literary field".

Famous artists in Wenchang are late Qing Dynasty, Jin, Zhang Youpu and so on. Wang Renhe, a famous literary artist, made a lot of contributions to the music innovation in the 1960s, and created a "complaint board" for Zhongnan Ci, which enhanced the artistic expression ability of the literary world.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the cultural authorities of the government organized Quyi artists and established the Guilin Quyi Team on 1962, in which some artists from the literary and art circles joined. In order to develop the art of Guangxi literary and art circles, a new generation of literary and art actors have been recruited and trained. Under the guidance of Wang Renhe and Liu Yuying, they have made great achievements. Famous artists include,, Yang Jifu, Li, etc. Nowadays, with the beauty of Guilin's landscape, Guangxi Wenchang is displayed on the literary stage with its traditional artistic charm, new content and new means of expression.

After the 1950s and 1960s, as the literary and art circles entered the theater and took to the stage, the performance form appeared standing singing, that is, the singer held a cloud board or disc in his hand and accompanied by a small band, singing and dancing. Wenchang is a kind of quyi form of oratorio. Wenchang for short, also known as "Wenwanzi". Popular in northern Guangxi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, especially in Guilin, Liuzhou, Yishan, Pingle and Lipu. Wenchang is named after Wuchang, who sings Guangxi Opera.

During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, some rap arts in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces spread to Guangxi, and gradually merged with Guilin dialect, forming a Guangxi literature field with local characteristics in the late Qing Dynasty. Wenchang's professional artists once formed a "children's team", or were hired by people who held celebrations and funerals to sing, or were invited to sing in the streets with Huqin Qupai (called "singing the street"). Wenchang's singing form has several people "sitting and singing", which is also used as an accompaniment instrument; There are "standing singing" with singing as the mainstay and one person singing, and "walking singing" while singing. In addition, there is a kind of "Wenchang Opera" sung with costumes, which is called "Wenchang Hanging Clothes". For a long time, amateur associations of literary field lovers have formed "theatrical buildings" and "literary field clubs", which have promoted the wide spread of literary fields in Guilin and Liuzhou, the official dialect areas in northern Guangxi. Professional singers and amateur singers have formed two major artistic schools in the field of literature. The former is gorgeous in vocal music, while the latter is simple and profound in style. The musical singing in Wenchang, Guangxi can be divided into major and minor. In major, there are Yuediao, Sixian, Nanci and Tanchun, commonly known as the "four major tunes". There are nearly 50 songs in minor, such as Broken Bridge, Cut Flowers and Parasitic Grass.

Yuediao is good at expressing joy, Tanquan is suitable for expressing resentment and anger, Sixian is often used to express depression and thinking, and Nanci is suitable for crying. Except Nanci, all of them have their own derived tunes, which are called "Du Zi" or "Du Zi" and "Gezidiao". Du Zi has a clear rhythm and great flexibility, and is often used when the lyrics are too long and the mood needs to change. Singing a full set of scripts and a single album with stories, characters, singing, white and rhyme; There are more than 50 tunes such as "Parasitic Grass", "Backward Paddle" and "Dundiao" in minor vocals, which are mostly used to sing lyrical passages describing one thing and another, and sometimes interspersed in major melodies dominated by Yuediao. Most of the lyrics in major are seven words and ten sentences, and most of the lyrics in minor are long and short sentences. The rhyme and four tones are based on Guilin dialect, and the pronunciation and mellow voice are emphasized when singing. Each piece of music has its own characteristics and is good at expressing different emotions. The overall characteristics are soft, delicate and subtle.

There are about 80 minor songs, such as Horsehead Tune, Manjianghong, Sweeping the Street, Cursing Yu Lang and Parasitic Grass. Because of their large number and their own characteristics, they can use a lot of interlining and lining cavities, so the colors in minor are more lively.

The lyrics in major are mostly seven-character and ten-character sentences, while in minor, they are mostly lyrics. There are about 20 pieces of instrumental music, commonly known as scissors music, such as "A Flower", "Qiluoxiang" and "Wangzhuangtai", most of which are transplanted from folk music or sister plays. Wenchang, Guangxi is rich in traditional characters. The contents of the songs sung in the whole set of songs are mostly taken from the legendary novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, The Jade Hairpin, The Legend of the White Snake and The West Chamber. In recent years, he has created some lyrical short essays praising Guilin's landscape, such as Travel in Pictorial World, How Wonderland Compares Guilin with Me, Night Tour with Seven Stars and so on. His works include Pipa, The West Chamber and A Dream of Red Mansions. , plus single songbook, double down the mountain, Wang Po scold chicken, and Dong Fangshuo shout, etc. , are all around 60. There are nearly 100 jokes, such as Detective Brother Five, Drunk at the Gate and Drunk Maids. His new works include Jiang Zhujun, Han Ying Meeting Mother, Jiang Jie Entering the Mountain, Li Shuiqing Shen and so on.

The representative music of Wenchang, Guangxi, Wu Er Tan Ge, has a typical tune structure in minor: [Yangzhou Manjianghong]-[Folding Money]-[Broken Bridge]-[Yinniu Temple]-[Flower Arrangement]-[Inverted Paddle]-[Yu Meiren]-[Pipa Jade]-[Pinch Cabbage Moss]. With the beautiful landscape of Guilin, Guangxi Wenchang is displayed on the literary stage with its traditional artistic charm, new content and new means of expression. Guangxi Wenchang is a precious intangible cultural heritage in Guangxi. In 2006, it was listed in Guangxi Intangible Cultural Heritage List. On June 7th, 2008, the State Council announced that Guangxi Wenchang had entered the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list "Quyi", numbered 780ⅴ-87, and the applicant was Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In order to protect and inherit the intangible cultural heritage, the 2008 Guangxi Traditional Culture Expo concert hosted by Guangxi Quyi Artists Association was held in Guilin from August 27 to 29, and was warmly sought after by Quyi lovers.