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Ganzhou celebrates China's first "Cultural Heritage Day".

Gannan Tea-picking Opera and xingguo folk song were listed in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in China.

On June 10, actors of Ganxian tea-picking troupe performed Gannan tea-picking drama in People's Square of this county to celebrate the first "Cultural Heritage Day" in China. Xie Rongpei photo Xiao

On June 10, our city held a cultural performance to celebrate the first "Cultural Heritage Day" in Ganzhou City, and Gannan Tea-picking Opera and xingguo folk song were included in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage lists in China. Diao Delian, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, and Tang, deputy mayor, attended relevant activities.

It is reported that the State Council stipulates that the second Saturday of June will be designated as the "Cultural Heritage Day" in China from 2006. The list of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage approved by the Ministry of Culture in the State Council has 5 18 items, among which Gannan tea-picking opera and xingguo folk song are among them. It is understood that intangible cultural heritage refers to various forms of traditional cultural expressions (such as folk activities, performing arts, traditional knowledge and skills, and related utensils, articles, handicrafts, etc.). ) and cultural space (that is, a place where traditional cultural activities are held regularly or traditional cultural expressions are displayed, which has both space and timeliness).

Gannan tea-picking opera is one of the most local operas in Jiangxi, which was formed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and has a history of more than 400 years. It is developed on the basis of folk lanterns and folk songs and dances in southern Jiangxi. Gannan tea-picking opera has a strong local flavor of Gannan and Hakka characteristics, and its singing is beautiful and beautiful. Among them, "Turtledove Tune" and "Ten Send Red Army" adapted from "Send Lang Tune" are widely sung and famous throughout the country. Xingguo folk song became famous in the revolutionary struggle more than half a century ago, which played an important role in establishing and consolidating the red regime. "A Folk Song of Three Divisions" was passed down as a much-told story, and a "Good Style of Cadres in the Soviet Area" was sung all over the Soviet Area and is still being sung today. (Editor: Zhong Lieliang)

Gannan Tea-picking Opera and xingguo folk song

Gannan tea-picking opera

Gannan tea-picking drama originated in Jiulong Mountain, Anyuan County, Jiangxi Province, with a history of about 300 years. On the basis of "Jiulong Tea Lantern", it absorbed other folk arts in southern Jiangxi and gradually formed. The epidemic areas are mainly in southern Jiangxi, northern Guangdong and western Fujian, and have also spread to southern Guangxi. It is the most representative tea-picking drama in Jiangxi.

There are more than 70 traditional tea-picking dramas in Gannan, such as tea-picking in Jiulong Mountain, anti-love, going to Guangdong, selling groceries and Wangsan to sell meat. But most of them have been lost. After liberation, there were mending shoes, matching young and old, painters marrying women, playing with dragons skillfully and throwing embroidered shoes. Tea Boy Playmaker (that is, Tea Picking in Jiulong Mountain) and What Should I Say have both been made into opera film; "Pretty Girl" and "Tea Picking Song" won prizes in national folk song and dance performances.

The music of Gannan tea-picking opera belongs to a minor combination. According to the styles, chords, modes and usages of different Qupai, it can be divided into four categories: tea cavity, lamp cavity, road cavity and miscellaneous tune, which are called "tune". Gray mullet.

Gannan tea-picking opera is based on folk songs and dances, with a strong flavor of life and labor and a distinctive local style in Gannan. It has many traditional plays starring "three little boys" (Xiao Sheng, Xiao Dan and the clown).

Gannan tea-picking opera later absorbed some robes and operas, although it added old tunes, but its performance was not as distinctive as "In a Little Opera". Famous actors include Xu Rongxiu, Ding Shaonan and Huang.

Guo Xin folk songs

Xingguo folk song is a folk song of Han nationality.

Xingguo County, located in the old area of southern Jiangxi, is famous all over the country because it has produced 54 generals of the Republic of China, and is called "General County". It is also famous for the famous "xingguo folk song" and is known as the "hometown of folk songs".

According to legend, xingguo folk song has a history of 1300 years. Hakka ancestors lived on both sides of Suijiang River and experienced many vicissitudes. Whether it is the river network wilderness, the mountains, or the "alas" song is endless. On the banks of the Suijiang River, everyone is a singer and sings everywhere. As for some professional singers, they are eloquent, as far as astronomy and geography, three emperors and five emperors, as close as daily necessities, and they can sing anything when men marry women, and some can even sing all the "Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin".

Xingguo folk song can be roughly divided into two types: one is the folk songs that Shan Ye sings with each other in the fields, which are called remote singing folk songs. Its basic format is seven words and four sentences. However, some singers like to add a homophonic sentence at the end to deepen and supplement the previous sentence to form five sentences, commonly known as "Sanluoban", which is a variant of the seven-character four-sentence style; Another kind of folk song with singing nature is often sung in dances, temple fairs and peasant weddings, funerals and festive occasions, which is generally called indoor folk songs. Indoor folk songs are mainly narrative folk songs, which are composed of three parts: the head, the belly and the end, with typical traditional characteristics of crown, crown and crown. The head of a song, usually one or two sentences, is used to cheer up and rhyme; At the end of the song, a short and powerful sentence makes the finishing point and reveals the theme; The core part of the whole song is the belly. The content of the song "Belly" can be infinitely expanded, ranging from three or five sentences to one or two hundred sentences, depending on the singer's "belly talent" and the needs of story development. However, whether it is remote singing or indoor singing, there is a remarkable feature: improvisation. That is, the situation is immediate, temporary preparation and export. So xingguo folk song's level mainly depends on the singer's improvisation ability. A good singer can often make witty remarks and achieve the effect of climax after climax. In the form of singing, xingguo folk song has distinctive features different from other folk songs. Every song begins with "Alas!" , with a strong sense of music melody. With the excitement of generate coming out, his singing is like a big water throwing waves, surging and stirring, and it is a thousand miles a day. The middle part of the song, ups and downs, different singers, forming their own different singing styles, or high-pitched agitation, or low-pitched; Before the last sentence, there was an echo phrase "Dear Brother (Sister)", now called "Gay Brother (Sister)", which echoed the opening "Alas" and formed xingguo folk song's complete and unique singing method. Narrative folk songs are often sung in the form of duet or duet (commonly known as three dozen) because of their long length. The singer uses a small gong, and after each falling (dragging the cavity), he plays a small gong for a while to facilitate the singer to catch his breath; Secondly, it provides a moment of thinking time for the singer to brew a draft; Third, it plays the role of "walking through the door" to change the tone.

Xingguo folk song inherited the traditional creative techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing, and constantly enriched and developed them in the long-term singing practice, with distinctive local characteristics. In the form of expression, there are flowers, guessing flowers, locking songs, singing songs, praising songs, picking up heels, losing voice, embroidering wallets, winding vines, winding vines and so on. They are diverse, vivid, freely used and flexible. Therefore, it has been enduring for thousands of years and is deeply loved by the masses.

Although xingguo folk song has a long-standing reputation, it was the second revolutionary civil war that really gave xingguo folk song new life and made it onto the stage of the times. In the troubled autumn of Kingoma Railway, where there is war, there are loud folk songs. Xingguo folk song accompanied the Red Army to win battles again and again, and sang all over the base areas in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian. The raging fire of the revolutionary war forged a batch of heroic models and tempered a batch of red singers. Xie, chairman of Changgang township Soviet, and Zeng Zizhen, member of the county Soviet, are outstanding representatives. Their folk songs were sung at the All-Soviet Congress. Mao Zedong, Chen Yi and other comrades once praised them as "the king of folk songs", which can be called the flag and model of xingguo folk song. Comrade Hu Yaobang, a proletarian revolutionist of the older generation, personally wrote folk songs, adding luster to xingguo folk song.

In the early 1930s, under extremely difficult conditions, the soldiers and civilians in Jiangxi Soviet area carried out five counter-campaigns against "encirclement and suppression". When women in Xingguo County send their relatives to the front, they will send their newly compiled straw sandals and newly compiled folk songs. "Oh, here we go! When the gunfire comes to the battle horn, play a folk song to listen to. Fight to the death with the enemy, red army brothers! Call Nanchang, Fuzhou. " The warm and unrestrained singing stirred the hearts of the soldiers, and they replied with folk songs: "Oh, here we are! Folk songs come from Xingguo city, and every sentence is touching. The soldiers ahead are so excited, comrades! More energy to kill the enemy. " One folk song after another, the people and the army encourage each other. Singing has become a force for struggle, inspiring people to fight bravely. Xingguo County was a model county in the Central Soviet Area at that time, and Xingguo's folk songs also made immortal contributions in the history of revolutionary music. Xingguo folk song's music is fluent, free and full of local characteristics. Its most distinctive feature is that there is an aria "Oh, here it comes" at the beginning of the song, and the melody is elongated at the highest tone, which gives people a warm and unrestrained feeling from the beginning. There are many kinds of xingguo folk song in Sang Song. In the old society, he often sang historical stories, legends and news besides the love and working life of men and women. He sometimes improvises and sometimes narrates in a long way, with various forms. After liberation, many music works with the revolutionary history of Jinggangshan and Gannan base areas as the theme often used this as the material to create him, such as Chorus of the Red Army Base Area and Chorus of Jinggangshan.