Agricultural irrigation classification

The traditional irrigation method is that water enters the field from the surface and penetrates into the soil by gravity and capillary action, so it is also called gravity irrigation. This method is the oldest, most widely used and most important irrigation method at present. According to the different ways of wetting soil, it can be divided into border irrigation, furrow irrigation, flood irrigation and flood irrigation.

1, border irrigation is to divide the irrigated land into a series of rectangular borders with ridges. During irrigation, after water is introduced into the border field, a thin water layer is formed on the border field, which moves along the border length, and the soil is gradually wetted by gravity during the flow.

2. furrow irrigation furrow irrigation is to dig irrigation ditches between crops. After water enters the irrigation ditch from the conveying ditch, it mainly wets the soil by capillary action during the flow. Compared with border irrigation, it has obvious advantages such as not destroying the soil structure near the root of crops, not causing field hardening, and reducing soil evaporation loss, and is suitable for wide row spacing intertillage crops.

3. Overflow irrigation (called grid irrigation) is to divide the irrigated land into many grid fields with ridges. During irrigation, the water layer in the grid field keeps a certain depth, and the soil is wetted by gravity, which is mainly suitable for rice irrigation.

4. Flooding irrigation is a relatively extensive irrigation method. No ditch is opened in the field, and it overflows on the ground during irrigation and seeps into the soil by gravity. Irrigation uniformity is poor, wasting water. Agriculture (including the increasingly active horticulture), as the economic lifeline of the country and a big water user, has long adopted the traditional and backward flood irrigation method due to ideological, financial and technical reasons. however

Modern scientific irrigation technology can not only effectively utilize limited water resources, but also alleviate the severe situation of groundwater overexploitation and crustal subsidence. Equally important, through the organic combination with precision fertilization, the growth conditions of crops and fruit trees can be improved, and the yield and fruit quality can be improved, which has good social and economic benefits.

Micro-spray is a kind of irrigation form that uses refraction, rotation or radiation micro-spray to spray water on crop branches and leaves. It belongs to micro irrigation. Micro-spraying has low working pressure and small flow, which can not only increase soil moisture, but also improve air humidity and adjust local microclimate. In addition, it can also be used in places such as transplanting rice seedlings and cooling farms with the help of the super atomization function of some micro-nozzles.

Drip irrigation is a form of irrigation in which water is evenly and slowly dripped into the soil near the root zone of crops through drip arrows, drippers, drip irrigation belts or other orifice drippers installed on the capillary.

Because of small drip flow and slow infiltration, it is one of the most water-saving and effective irrigation methods, mainly relying on capillary tension.

Local precision irrigation can greatly improve water use efficiency, reduce weed growth, improve soil structure and reduce the demand for water pressure. At the same time, accurate fertilization can be carried out through the first fertilization device, which truly achieves low input and high income.