Characteristics of sunken kiln cave dwellings?

Sunken kiln, is the origin of China's feng shui theory, Henan Province, Luoyang City, Mengjin County, Ma Cai Sheng village in front of the Hai Zi village kiln houses, based on feng shui theory produced a courtyard type architectural design rules, that is, closed around the architectural space with the upper see the sky, the lower catch the water of the patio. The closed and surrounded patio building model blocks the entry of outdoor pollution and thus keeps the indoor air clean and clear. The open courtyard brings in sunlight, rain, fresh air and long wave radiation. The courtyard is open to the sky, and the ground surface below is the base to keep the courtyard and the rooms around the courtyard in a favorable climate.

1 Goodness characteristics of sunken kiln

1) Layout. Generally adopt the north-south arrangement, people 121 and living rooms are located in the best position in the south direction, and auxiliary rooms are located in the north direction.

2)Windows. Kiln face open large windows, can absorb a lot of solar energy during the day, improve room temperature. Window with cotton, blankets, thatch, kraft paper and other materials made of thermal insulation curtains or window panels, rolled up during the day, down at night. Although the method is very simple, but the insulation effect is very obvious. Some use aluminum foil curtains, the measured thermal resistance of the window to increase 2.4 times, and its price is only 10 yuan / m2 or so, is not much money, the effect is very good thermal insulation and energy-saving measures. Kiln face part of the high side of the small window, only for summer ventilation, most residents in the winter with grass curtains or adobe will be closed. Some areas in the winter in the double-wooden window with a layer of plastic film, reducing heat transfer heat consumption by more than 20%, and can be a large reduction in cold wind penetration caused by the heat consumption. Door and window gaps using cotton cloth strips and other sealing paste to prevent cold wind penetration.

3) wall materials. Kiln dwellings in addition to the use of solid clay bricks, but also the use of a large number of different local materials with the city, such as volcanic pumice blocks, straw boards, clay free bricks, grass mud, pulling the braid and other energy-saving thermal insulation materials. These materials not only save energy consumption used in its production, and tested, its thermal insulation effect is better than solid clay bricks.

4) heating system and heating mode. Mainly rely on the kang, through the three meals a day to heat the living heat, sometimes in the bedtime to make up the amount of fire kang, the fuel used is mostly plant straw, thatched grass and a small amount of coal. Measurement data show that although the temperature inside the kiln is very low, the temperature on the surface of the bed is between 45℃ and 33℃. In other words, the surface area of the kang is always in a comfortable warm state. The winter activities of northern farmers are mainly confined to the kang. They eat, study, do housework, meet guests and sleep on the kang. The most sensitive part of the human body to temperature is the feet, and the surface of the kang is where farmers' feet often come into contact with. Therefore, even though most of the indoor space has a low temperature and is in the midst of fluctuating temperature changes, farmers still feel comfortable. The kang can be used without special heating conditions, the indoor and outdoor climate, the human body in the microclimate environment and the human body day and night thermal comfort sensation reasonably combined to provide health benefits to the human body of the tiny thermal comfort environment, more scientifically create a relatively comfortable indoor thermal environment.