The sixth grade Chinese Volume II Unit 2 Writing about Tianjin Folk Customs

Dragon Boat Festival as a child: In my childhood memory, except for the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival is the most lively. Because my parents were very busy at work, I often stayed in the country with my grandmother when I was a child. I will never forget the Dragon Boat Festival at that time. Like the usual Chinese New Year holidays, the night before the Dragon Boat Festival, my grandmother always told me to sit by the bed and tell me some holiday rules, such as "Don't talk nonsense", "Don't steal cold dumplings", "Don't play with friends" and "Don't play with water" ... I always nodded frequently. Grandma told me to go to bed early so that I could have a good spirit tomorrow. In the morning, I got up early, got dressed and ran to the kitchen. By this time, my grandmother had taken care of everything in the kitchen. Several bundles of cinnamon leaves and cinnamon ropes were tied to the stove, and the white and tender glutinous rice lay quietly in a small wooden bucket filled with water, like glittering pearls. There are several small plates on the stove, which contain various materials: peanuts, red bean paste, meat and red pond. So, I sat at the table eating breakfast while watching my grandmother busy. There are stoves on both sides in the country. They are both used for boiling water and cooking. My grandmother put the washed duck eggs into the cauldron, scooped a few spoonfuls of water from another hot pot with a wooden spoon, and then carefully put a spoonful of salt into the cauldron. Then she added some dead branches to the stove, sat next to me and began to weave collaterals for me. Grandma's hands are as rough as bark because of long-term work, but they are dexterous. Divide three times five by two and weave a red rope. At this time, when the eggs were ripe, grandma picked up the biggest one, dipped it in red paper and dyed it red. Then she wiped it clean with a dry cloth, put it in the accessory and hung it around my neck. Then, grandma put melon seeds, candy and peanuts in my pocket. I am often very happy, because I can watch the dragon boat race with my friends. Grandma always sends me to the gate and tells me to come back early to eat zongzi. I always disappear in an instant. At this time, all my friends are almost here. The elder sister next door took the lead and led our children to the river to watch the dragon boat race. Because the river is small, there are only two dragon boats. Each dragon boat has 13 people, 12 people rowing, 1 people playing drums and shouting slogans, "One, two, hey yo, one, two, come on", 12 dark-skinned boys rowed neatly, and the two dragon boats chased each other forward. But what will the child know to look at? We just want to have some fun. Girls usually get bored after watching it for a while, so they sit aside and share snacks. Boys, on the other hand, always like chasing dragon boats along the shore. Because of the manpower of rowing, almost every boy has traces of splashing water. The gong rang, probably because the boat was at the end, and just after eating, I stood up and went home happily hand in hand with my friends. The sun slowly climbed into the sky, and the fragrance of laurel leaves was already floating in grandma's kitchen. I quickly jumped into the kitchen to pick up a big cooked zongzi. Generally, I will sit on the threshold and eat zongzi cleanly. Occasionally, I will leave some glutinous rice for the chickens. I also find it fun to watch the big rooster's gluttony ... Although my mother always wraps zongzi and weaves collaterals for me every Dragon Boat Festival, although my mother's craftsmanship is not worse than my grandmother's, I always feel that something is missing. When I was young, I really missed the Dragon Boat Festival! Zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival: I haven't been back to my hometown for the holidays for many years. I really miss the delicious triangular zongzi. There are many customs in my hometown, but I don't remember much. This is a baisuozi. Grandma twists five-color silk threads into a string every year, which is very long. When I got up the next morning, my arms were already tied. Needless to say, grandma came to me first. Stickers There are stickers on the doorframes every year. Some are folded with monochrome yellow paper, and some are woven with five-color paper. Grandma once taught me how to fold, and now I have forgotten all about it. I wonder if there is such a custom in other places: hundreds of seeds are buried in the ground. At that time, grandma said that the seeds buried in the ground would turn into flower snakes to ensure a bumper harvest in one year. Although I am naughty, I never dig those "snakes" for fear that they will come out and bite people. Later, I learned that it was a story made up by the old man to coax the children and be afraid of breaking the "superstition". I really can't remember other customs, but I can't forget the hundreds of zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival every year. It's not easy to wrap zongzi. Be sure to fold the leaves of zongzi, otherwise it will "show the stuffing" Although it is difficult to wrap, there are many kinds: rice wrapped in red dates, millet wrapped in candied dates and rice wrapped in zongzi. It takes a long time to cook zongzi in a big pot. I often have to wait for my mouth to water, but grandma still won't give it to me. Cooking is too difficult. The newly cooked zongzi is not delicious. Once, I didn't wait until I was full before I realized that my tongue was blistered. Immediately put these delicious zongzi into a basin full of cold water to cool down, and I have already eaten them. Many days later, there will always be zongzi for three meals a day. The zongzi sold in the street is not very delicious, either the rice is hard or the rice is not fragrant and tastes tasteless. What is this called zongzi? It's just a rice cake Sweet dumplings remind me of my thoughts, and sweet cries remind me of my thoughts. ......

There are gullies, river banks and flat dams in southern Shaanxi. According to the terrain, raw materials and other conditions, residents have built various residential buildings. Traditional houses include stone houses, bamboo houses, diaojiao buildings, three-way houses and quadrangles.

Stone houses: Most of them are built in mountainous areas, and Zhenba, Ankang and Xixiang mountainous areas are very common. As the name implies, stone houses are made of stones. Usually, the back wall is close to the cliff, and the three sides are made of stone, and the roof wooden frame is covered with oilleaf slate. Stone houses are weatherproof and rainproof, and the cost is low.

Bamboo log cabin: the walls are logs, with doors and windows. The roof is made of bamboo on wooden beams, and then covered with bamboo strips and Polygonum leaves. Someone put wood on the beam, covered it with dense bamboo, and then pasted it with gypsum to form a top floor with a fireplace for baking and storing food. Bamboo and wood houses are mostly built in Mabian and mountainous depressions, and are common in mountainous areas such as Nanzheng, Ningqiang and Chenggu.

Diaojiaolou: Most of them are built in market towns along the Yangtze River. The diaojiao building is supported by wooden stakes or stones, the shelves are paved with floors, and the walls are painted with wooden boards or bamboo rafts. Tile or thatch the roof. The window of the diaojiao building faces the river, so it is also called Wangjiang Building. Diaojiaolou is the development of ancient nesting.

Sanhe Courtyard and Siheyuan: It is more common in Pingba Town. Sanheyuan has three main rooms, with a hall in the middle and 2-3 wing rooms in the east and west. The eaves in front of the main house extend outward and can be used for eating and resting. The wing is smaller than the main room, with walls at both ends and the middle of the wall facing south. Siheyuan is composed of a main room, a wing and a gatehouse, with a courtyard in the middle, which is more exquisite than Sanhe Courtyard. Sanhe and Siheyuan are made of adobe, masonry and wood, with doors facing south. Avoid facing the west. With the development of local economy, there are more and more rural brick houses and urban buildings.

Pour the wine by the guest on the right, first the guest, then the host; Female guests first, then male guests. Pour the wine, not too full. Cold first and then hot, and hot dishes should be placed on the left side of the seat opposite the guest of honor; When serving single dishes or side dishes, order first, then dim sum first; When serving plastic dishes such as whole chicken, whole duck and whole fish, you can't put your head and tail in the right position.

In the process of eating, when everyone eats together, don't just eat yourself. If you eat with others, check whether your hands are clean. Don't rub rice balls with your hands, don't put extra rice in the pot, don't get your mouth wet, don't eat loudly, don't chew bones, don't put bitten fish back on plates and bowls, and don't throw meat bones to dogs. Don't stick to food, don't fan hot rice, eat rice with your hands instead of chopsticks, don't gulp soup, and don't mix vegetable soup in front of your host. Don't pick your teeth in public and don't drink dirty meat sauce.

During the summer solstice, it is the custom of Beihai people to buy litchi and dog meat.

During major festivals or celebrations in Beihai, there are customs of dancing dragons and lions, lighting firecrackers to add fun and giving out red envelopes, in order to be lucky and have a good time.

Traffic. The transportation in Beihai extends in all directions, and the means of transportation are diversified, modernized and luxurious.

Marriage customs. The old marriage customs in Beihai, like the family, also have the habit of crying and marrying, which is full of superstition and can only be used as folk cultural memories. With the development and progress of society, modern marriage is a new fashion for newcomers.

July 14 Ghost Festival-Beihai Customs.

The annual lunar July in Beihai is 14, which is called Ghost Festival.

Every household kills chickens and ducks and burns incense to worship their ancestors.

Han nationality-On the first day of New Year's Day, people don't sweep the floor, splash water outside, enter through the back door, beat and scold children, and congratulate each other on good luck and prosperity in the new year.

Manchu-As the Chinese New Year approaches, every family cleans the courtyard. stick grilles writes couplets and wishes. On the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month, every household erected a lantern pole more than six meters high. From the first day to the sixteenth day, the red light is hung high every day. Jiaozi is better for the New Year's Eve dinner. Pay attention to pleating. When cooking jiaozi, some of them are wrapped in copper coins, so people who eat it are lucky. Worship twice during the Spring Festival and once on New Year's Eve to bid farewell to the old year; Worship again on the first day of the new year to welcome the new year. There will be vault and camel jumping before the Spring Festival. There is also the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month.

Koreans-every family sticks Spring Festival couplets, cooks all kinds of sumptuous meals and eats "eight-treasure rice". On New Year's Eve, the whole family stayed up all night, playing gayageum and playing the flute. At the dawn of the first day, people put on holiday costumes to pay New Year greetings to their elders. During the festival, men, women and children indulge in singing and dancing, springboard pressing and tug-of-war. On the fifteenth night of the first month, a traditional celebration party is held. Several elected old people boarded the wooden "moon-watching frame", singing and dancing with long drums, flutes and suona.

Oroqen-On New Year's Eve, the whole family sits around for dinner. Taste delicious food, drink wine and have New Year's Eve dinner. Young people salute and kowtow to their families and relatives and elders. At midnight, people will walk around the stables with birch bark boxes or iron boxes and wish the six animals prosperity. On the first day of junior high school, we pay New Year greetings to each other in new clothes. Young men and women get together to dance in groups. There are hunting dances, "red fruit" dances and "black bear fighting" dances.

Hezhe nationality-On New Year's Eve, everyone is busy cooking New Year's Eve, cutting window grilles and putting up lanterns. On the first day of junior high school, girls, women and children put on new clothes embroidered with clouds, went to relatives and friends' homes to pay New Year greetings and entertained guests with a "fish feast". Raw fish with hot and sour flavor, crispy fried fish hair, salmon roe. Folk poets offer poems and tell stories to people. Women play "touching paste" and "throwing bones". Teenagers take part in skiing, skating, shooting grass targets and crossing grass competitions.

Mongolian people eat jiaozi and set off firecrackers, just like Han people. Besides, we should eat "hand-grabbed meat" on New Year's Eve to show family reunion. In the early morning of the first day, the younger generation toasted their elders "goodbye". Then the young men and women got on the horse, rode on the yurt, kowtowed to the elders first, then drank and danced, and then the men and women took this opportunity to hold horse races.

Naxi people visit relatives and friends in the first month of the lunar calendar and take turns to be guests. Young men organize lantern festivals to compete with other villages. Lantern Festival is held in cities and villages to show their national stories, such as A Niu's banter, longevity, social drama night pearl, lion rolling hydrangea, phoenix dance and so on.

Tibetans-On New Year's Eve, a grand "God Jumping Meeting" was held, and people wore masks to sing and dance to show that they would bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, so as to eliminate disasters and reduce happiness.

Yi people-during the Spring Festival, people will get together and dance "Xi jumps over the moon". In some villages, men take water to cook on the first day of the lunar new year to give women a rest and express their condolences for their hard work for a year.

Miao people-call the Spring Festival "Hakka Year", and everyone slaughters pigs and sheep and bakes wine to celebrate the harvest, hoping that the weather will be good and the crops will be bumper in the coming year. Also need to sing "Song of Spring", the lyrics are: longing for spring, longing for spring, cherishing spring and embracing spring.

Bai people-Bai people began to worship each other and give each other gifts on New Year's Eve. New Year's Eve vigil. After midnight, young men and women rushed to fetch water as a sign of thrift. In the morning, the whole family drinks sugar water soaked with rice fragrance, wishing a sweet life. We may visit places of interest together, or play dragon lantern, lion dance and overlord whip.

Zhuang nationality-On New Year's Eve, every household will light a fire on the fireplace and it will not go out all night, which is called "welcome fire". The folk custom is to wrap zongzi for the New Year. During the festival, we will also organize various national cultural and sports activities to celebrate, such as singing "tea picking", lion dancing, pole dancing, playing gongs, playing top, playing ball games and performing local operas.

Jing people-on New Year's Day, they should go to the well with incense sticks to worship, which is called "buying new water". On the first day of the first day, Tibetan women should carry "auspicious water" from the river before dawn. People believe that the new water in the first day of junior high school can bring good news and good luck, and can keep good luck for a year.

Dongxiang people-like to have a land war during the Spring Festival to show their love for raising their own land.

Qiang people-every household should make all kinds of fried calf, lamb, chicken and other sacrifices to worship ancestors and gods. During the New Year, they should drink and sit around the altar. The oldest person sings "opening the altar" and then sucks it from left to right with a straw about two feet long.

Ewenki people-on the first day of the first month, pay New Year greetings to each other, especially to their elders and relatives. On the first night of the new year, men, women and children gather in a big house to have fun. Generally, the elderly call this an entertainment party. The ladies start dancing or singing first, and then everyone dances regardless of sex.

Daur nationality-At the dawn of the first day of the first month, women prepare breakfast, and men burn incense and worship God, praying for God to bless their peace and prosperity. After worshipping God, they toast their elders and kowtow to accept the greetings from the elderly. After eating jiaozi and putting on new clothes, close relatives of men and women get together and are led by their elders to carry out various entertainment activities according to their generations.

Hani people-women are busy making Ciba on New Year's Eve, and young people go up the mountain to cut bamboo and build a swing frame. During the Spring Festival, both men, women and children like to play on swings.

Buyi people-On New Year's Eve, the whole family sat around the fireplace and stayed up all night. Early on New Year's Day, the girls ran to the river to fetch water. Whoever carries water first is the most diligent and happy person, which also indicates a good year.

Yao nationality-during the festival, people get together and watch the funny and unique "farm drama". One plays a cow, one plays a plow farmer, one plays an extended hoe farmer, and three people sing and dance to celebrate the agricultural harvest; Young men and women gathered on the lawn around the village, playing Lusheng, Qin Yue, singing folk songs and looking for the right person.

Jingpo nationality-held a "shooting" competition during the Spring Festival. On the morning of the first grade, people gathered in the gym. The girls hung their embroidered wallets on the top of the bamboo pole. The shooter hangs the thin thread of the leather bag as a sharpshooter, and the girls reward the sharpshooter with a bowl of sweet rice wine.

Lahu nationality-The first to fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the "Pagoda Expansion" Festival of Lahu nationality in Yunnan (Lahu Spring Festival). On New Year's Eve, every household should make glutinous rice cakes symbolizing the sun, the moon and the stars, offering sacrifices to the sun, the moon and the stars, hoping that the new year will be good and the crops will be plentiful. From the first day to the fourth day, young men and women rushed to the spring to meet the new water symbolizing purity and happiness. At the same time, bring gifts to visit relatives and friends.