Contribution of missionaries to China

Firstly, of course, they spread Christianity

Secondly, they spread some new ideas, such as Western medicine and so on

Thirdly, they also had a certain influence on China's modern education

Fourthly, they translated a lot of Chinese books, which made it possible to spread the Chinese culture

Besides the missionaries had a certain influence on China's education and culture. They also had a lot of influence on Chinese art, architecture, science and technology, and diplomacy.

The following are detailed examples

1. Diplomacy

The famous Treaty of Nerchinsk was signed under the influence of two missionaries. During the negotiation process, the honorary plenipotentiary of the Chinese side was the important minister Suoetu, and the representative of the Russian side was Golovin. However, due to language and cultural reasons, in reality the Chinese directly involved in the negotiations were the Portuguese Xu Risheng and the French missionary Zhang Cheng. The final treaty was largely influenced by Xu and Zhang.

Recent research has shown that Xu and Zhang not only participated in secret talks with Russian representatives, revealing China's policies to the Russians, but also accepted bribes from the Russians, so that the treaty, which appeared to be an equal one, was in fact partially detrimental to China's interests. The Czar was even overjoyed when he saw the final treaty, and a group of representatives of the Russian side were thus rewarded with additional titles and honors.

2. Art

The most famous in this regard is the Italian missionary Lang Shining, whose masterpieces "Ju Rui Tu", "Song dedication Ying Zhi Tu", "Hundred Jun Tu" (see illustration), "Hongli and concubines," "Ping Ding Western war map" and so on can be regarded as a fine work of art in the Qing Dynasty. Lang Shining and his successors on Chinese art is the biggest contribution to the Western painting concept of perspective into the traditional Chinese painting, this impact, although it does not have the fundamental transformation of the theoretical basis of Chinese painting, but also since the mid-Qing Dynasty many Chinese paintings have been affected by more or less, can be said to be the art of Chinese painting since the Buddhist paintings after the "new wind" again. "

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3. Architecture

Or Lang Shining, who participated in the design of the Yuanmingyuan Western House, introduced a new wind for the Chinese classical garden art. The famous Great Water Law is a set of landscapes in the Western Building of the Yuanmingyuan.

Other Western missionaries who participated in the design of the Western Building in the Yuanmingyuan included French missionaries Jiang Youren and Wang Zhicheng.

4. Science and technology

Western missionaries in science and technology on China is more multifaceted, the most prominent figure is the Italian missionary Matteo Ricci.

In the area of geometry, Matteo Ricci was the first to translate Euclid's Principia Geometria, which introduced geometry to China. The concepts of "point, plane, and line" that we use today when we study geometry were all derived from the Principia. Many geometric terms were also translated into Chinese by Matteo Ricci.

In geography, Matteo Ricci introduced modern geography to China for the first time by printing and distributing the "Mountains and Seas, Opinions and Places" (山海舆地全图). (Some modern studies believe that "Mountains and Seas" is not published by Matteo Ricci, which is doubtful.)

In addition to Matteo Ricci, the Western missionaries who paid first and then succeeded him also successively introduced into China other aspects of science and technology, such as water conservancy, astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, surveying and mapping, machinery, navigation, shipbuilding, crop cultivation and so on, and they can be said to be the first group of emissaries to open the door of scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West.

Of course.

Of course, these are the meaning of progress

As for their harm to the Chinese people, it is also because of their arrival coupled with the intrusion of the West

They are the first people to be introduced to China.