What are the folk customs of Zhuang nationality?

There are three main colors: blue, black and brown. Zhuang women have the habit of planting cotton and spinning. Spinning, weaving and dyeing are cottage industries. The cloth made of self-produced and sold cotton yarn is called "home machine", which is thick and wearable, and then dyed blue, black or brown. Indigo can be dyed blue or cyan, fish ponds can be dyed black, and yam can be dyed brown. Zhuang costumes are different. Men's and women's costumes and headdresses for men, women and unmarried women have their own characteristics.

Eating habits Zhuang people in most areas are used to eating three meals during the solar eclipse, and Zhuang people in a few areas also eat four meals, that is, adding a small meal between lunch and dinner. Breakfast and Chinese food are relatively simple, usually porridge, dinner is dinner, dry rice is eaten more, and vegetables are more abundant. Rice and corn are abundant grains in Zhuang areas, which naturally become their staple food.

Daily vegetables include green vegetables, melon seedlings, melon leaves, Beijing cabbage (Chinese cabbage), Chinese cabbage, rape, mustard, lettuce, celery, spinach, kale, spinach, bitter gourd, even bean leaves, sweet potato leaves, pumpkin seedlings, pumpkin flowers and pea seedlings can also be vegetables. Boiling is the most common, as well as the habit of pickling vegetables, such as sauerkraut, sour bamboo shoots, salted radish, kohlrabi and so on. Add lard and salt when cooking.

Zhuang people love to eat any kind of animal meat, such as pork, beef, mutton, chickens, ducks and geese. Some areas don't eat dog meat, and some areas like to eat dog meat. Pork is also cooked in whole pieces, then cut into square pieces, and then put the seasoning back into the pot. Zhuang people are used to making fresh chicken, duck, fish and vegetables into 70-80% maturity, and then frying the vegetables in a hot pot before cooking, so as to keep the dishes delicious.

Zhuang people like hunting and cooking game and insects, and they are very good at the diet of Panax notoginseng. Cooking with flowers, leaves, roots and whiskers of Panax notoginseng is very distinctive. Zhuang people are also good at roasting, frying, stewing, salting and marinating, addicted to alcohol, with spicy and sour tastes, and like to eat crispy dishes. The main specialties are: spicy blood, roasted meat, banker's roast duck, salty liver, crispy fried bee, spiced bean worm, fried worm, skin liver, ginger rabbit meat, white fried sanqihua frog and fried chicken.

Zhuang people also brew rice wine, sweet potato wine and cassava wine, which are not too high. Among them, yellow rice wine is the main drink for festivals and entertainments. Some yellow rice wines are called chicken gall and chicken offal wine, and chicken offal and pig liver wine. Drink the chicken offal wine and pork liver wine in one gulp, and chew the chicken offal and pork liver left in your mouth slowly, which can not only relieve the hangover, but also be eaten as a dish.

Typical food: There are many famous dishes and snacks in Zhuang nationality, mainly including horseshoe pole, raw fish, roast suckling pig, glutinous rice, Ningming Zhuang Zong, champion hand, boiled dog meat, Zhuang Jia crispy chicken, stewed dog meat with broken noodles and dragon pump.

The customs and habits of Zhuang nationality

build

Zhuang people like to live by mountains and rivers. Between the green mountains and green waters, there are scattered wooden buildings, which are traditional folk houses of Zhuang nationality. People live on top of wooden buildings and livestock are enclosed below. No matter what house it is, the shrine should be placed on the central axis of the whole house. The front hall is used to hold celebrations and social activities, with people living in the wings on both sides and the back hall as the living area. Life in the house is centered on the fireplace, and three meals a day are carried out by the fireplace. ?

Dress

Most Zhuang people use homemade home-made homespun as their clothing material, with various styles. Zhuang women's clothes are generally blue and black, with slightly wide pants, jacquard towels on their heads and exquisite aprons around their waists; Young men wear double-breasted coats with a belt around their waist.

marriage customs

"Artillery fire" entered the bridal chamber.

A marriage custom of Zhuang nationality. On the wedding day, the bride must be baptized with "guns and fire" before she can enter the house. This marriage custom is popular in Zhuang villages such as Yufeng in Tianyang County, Guangxi. Before the bride comes to the groom's house, she should stop for a while and prepare to "charge" into the house, because there are seven or eight "artillery" groups of young men at the door, hall and new house, holding a string of firecrackers waiting for the bride to come over. When the bride is approaching the door, the "gunner" lights firecrackers to form a "fire wall" to stop the bride from approaching. If you are a timid bride, you have to retreat to the door and wait for the second "charge". The "gunmen" also summed up the experience of victory and prepared for the second "blocking". It can be said that the bride can't enter the door without two or three "charges". The onlookers, three floors inside and three floors outside, are very lively. After a hard struggle, the bride jumped over the door and came to the bridal chamber. This is the last sad hurdle, because the "gunner" has to put a "gun". At this time, the clever bridesmaids and bridesmaids "scouted around" and jumped into the bridal chamber with the bride in their arms when the "gunfire" was sparse. Suddenly, cheers thundered, congratulating the bride on "winning the flag". After the wedding reception, guests will watch the bride go out to "carry water" in the dark under the guidance of the bride. The bride will fill the water tank, which is a test of whether the bride can bear the pain. In this way, the bride can't enter the bridal chamber until late at night.

memorize words

In some places at the junction of Yishan and Huanjiang County in Guangxi, young Zhuang people get married, and the custom of "reciting characters" has been popular to this day. "Bei Zi" is a transliteration of Zhuang language. In fact, it is not a word, but a broadband one foot four feet long and more than one foot wide, which was sewn by the woman's mother with dark black (the best color) homespun woven or bought by herself. On the daughter's wedding day, ask the man to assign a person who can recite words to take the cloth back to the groom's house in case the nephew is born as a baby. This custom is called "memorizing characters" in the local Zhuang language. A person who "recites words" must have three conditions: a father and a mother; Unmarried young men; Smart and polite. The ceremony of reciting characters was held in the main hall of the woman's house. The person who presides over the ceremony must be a respected elder in the village and has become a grandfather. The elders first offered two cups of local famous wine to the people who recited the words. The person who recited the words politely held cups in both hands and respectfully gave the elders two cups as a gift, which both sides had to drink at once. Then the elders tie the prepared tapes to the shoulders of the people who recite the words, and then toast each other and say auspicious words. After reading the word "nian", set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the wedding guests and return safely. People who recite words bow to their elders and say goodbye, step out of the gate and open an umbrella, which means sheltering "grandchildren" from grandma's house. Back to the man's house, the host burned incense and fired a gun, welcoming the "back word" person to return home in triumph. When I was young, the ceremony of "removing Chinese characters" was also presided over by my elders. After toasting each other, the elders gently took off the cloth and gave it to my mother for safekeeping. The groom's parents should also reward those who recite words. Soon after, the bride and her girlfriends came to the groom's house in droves, and the wedding day was even more lively.

Bride crossing the river

The marriage custom of Zhuang nationality is popular in Longsheng Autonomous County in northern Guangxi. In the mountainous area of northern Guangxi, there were only forty or fifty miles of mountain roads, but it was necessary to wade across the river five or six times and cross three or four bridges. So when getting married, the bride should be carried across the river and bridged. People who carry brides are called "sailors", mostly unmarried young men. When crossing the river, three guns were fired and horns sounded. "Sailors" hold their knees with two palms and bow down. Only when they have a good back can they cross the river or cross the bridge. Bride-carrying pays special attention to civility and politeness, and can't be rude in action, let alone ridicule. Therefore, people who carry their brides are mostly the best in moral character. When crossing the river, "Ying Niang" (held by unmarried young women) holds an umbrella to shade the bride. On the river about 50 or 60 meters wide, the wedding procession was pulled into a line, which was very lively. After landing, the clever "Ying Niang" put the umbrella very low to prevent others from peeking at the veiled bride. Longsheng's Zhuang marriage has to go through "three customs" and "ten doors". First fall in love, then get engaged, and then get married. This is the so-called "three customs". Greeting, singing, going out, crossing the village, crossing the river and bridging the bridge, getting started, singing, returning to the door, going home and entering the bridal chamber are called "ten doors". "Crossing the river" is only the fifth "gate" among the "ten gates", and you can only enter the bridal chamber after passing the "ten gates".

Ler and Buji

When a Zhuang woman gives birth to Lejiao (Zhuang language, that is, baby), her housewife should personally find a "wet nurse" to nurse her daughter-in-law. This is to let the postpartum daughter-in-law have a good rest and keep healthy. The "wet nurse" is usually taken by a woman five months after giving birth, without pay. It is a great honor to be a "wet nurse" and have the reputation of "second mother". When children grow up, they should bring gifts to the "wet nurse's house" on holidays. Four or five-year-old children are sick, so parents should look for "Buji" (Zhuang language, that is, second father) as their children's backer to ensure their health. Buji is very professional. After taking office, he often discussed with his parents, sought medical advice, and cooked in many ways to make his children grow up healthily. When children grow up, they will treat Buji like a wet nurse and do their best to be filial.

Enter the village on stilts

In the Zhuang village in Jinlong area, Longzhou County, Guangxi, people have to walk on stilts when going out or entering the village. Go out to the village entrance. Hang stilts on specific nails, and then work in the fields or go somewhere else. When entering the village, take the stilts off the nails and step on them, jump off the stone steps at the door, then hang them by the door, wash your hands and feet, and then go upstairs. It is said that these shoes were handed down from ancestors. They are located in the subtropical zone, rainy all the year round, with muddy roads and inconvenient walking. If they enter the house with muddy feet, it is really unsanitary, so they invented this "non-"shaped "stilt shoes".

Social sacrifice

It is a sacrificial ceremony for Zhuang people in Huanjiang, Guangxi, to pray for the vigorous growth of rice seedlings, disease-free children and fat livestock in the New Year every summer on New Year's Eve.