Classical Chinese gardens can be divided into which types?

By the occupier

1. Royal gardens are gardens exclusively for the emperor to rest and enjoy. The ancients said that under the sky is not the king's land, in the view of the ruling class, the country's mountains and rivers belong to the royal family. So it is characterized by a grand scale, more real mountains and water, the garden building colorful, tall buildings. Existing for the famous royal gardens are: Beijing's Summer Palace, Beijing's Beihai Park, Hebei Chengde's summer resort.

2. Private Gardens

It is for the royal family relatives, princes and officials, rich merchants and other leisure gardens. Characterized by a smaller scale, so commonly used fake mountains and fake water, small and exquisite building, showing its elegant and clean colors. Existing private gardens, such as Beijing's Prince Gong's Mansion, Suzhou's Humble Administrator's Garden, Liyuan Garden, Canglang Pavilion, Net Lion Garden, Shanghai's Yuyuan Garden and so on.

By geography

1. Northern types of gardens in the north, because of the wide area, so the scope is larger; and because most of the hundreds of counties are located, so the building is rich and beautiful. Because of natural weather conditions are limited, rivers and lakes, garden stones and evergreen trees are less. Because of the rough style, so the beauty of the show is not enough. Representatives of northern gardens are mostly concentrated in Beijing, Xi'an, Luoyang and Kaifeng, with Beijing as the representative.

2. Jiangnan type

South of the more densely populated, so the garden area is small; and because of the river and lake, garden stone, evergreen trees more, so the garden scenery is more delicate and exquisite. Because of the above conditions, it is characterized by bright and beautiful, elegant and simple, winding and deep, but exactly the area is small, slightly confined. Representatives of the southern gardens are mostly concentrated in Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou and other places, especially Suzhou as a representative.

3. Lingnan type

Because it is located in the subtropics, evergreen, and more rivers, so gardening conditions than the north and south are good. Its obvious characteristic is a tropical scenery, buildings are high and spacious. Existing Lingnan type gardens, there are famous Guangdong Shunde Qinghuiyuan, Dongguan can garden, Fanyu Yuyinshanfang and so on.

Mountain building

To express nature, mountain building is one of the most important factors in gardening. In the Shanglin Yuan of the Qin and Han dynasties, the soil excavated from the Taiyi Pond was piled up to form an island, symbolizing the sacred mountain in the East China Sea, which set a precedent for man-made mountain building. Ming Ji Cheng in the "garden metallurgy" in the "mountain" section, listing the garden mountain, hall mountain, building mountain, pavilion mountain, study mountain, pool mountain, inner room mountain, craggy mountain, rock pools, goldfish bowl, peaks, mountains, rocks, caves, streams, curved water, waterfalls and other 17 kinds of forms, summarizes the Ming Dynasty mountain-building technology.

The Qing Dynasty mountain technology is more developed and popularized. Qing gardeners, created a dome-shaped gully stacking method, with the size of the stone hooks with an arch, the top wall of a gas, like a natural gully, or even assessed karst caves, stacked mountain inverted stalactites, more than in the Ming Dynasty to close the top of the stacking of stone sealing much more reasonable, much more clever. Existing Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, Changshu's Yanyuan, Shanghai's Yuyuan, are the Ming and Qing dynasties garden mountain masterpieces.

Water management

To express nature, water management is also one of the most important factors in gardening. Regardless of which type of garden, water is the most dynamic factor, no water is not alive. Natural garden to show the static water features are mainly to show the water surface is calm as a mirror or the smoke and waves of the silence of the far-reaching realm to win.

Natural garden also expresses the dynamic beauty of water, but not fountains and regular steps waterfalls, but natural waterfalls. The pool has a natural iso head, alum mouth, in order to show the artificial beautification of nature. Because of this, the garden must save pool water. Ancient garden water management method, there are generally three:

(a) cover. Architecture and landscaping, the zigzagging pool bank to cover. Waterfront buildings, in addition to the platform in front of the main hall, in order to highlight the status of the building, regardless of the pavilion, gallery, pavilion, sala, are the front part of the aerial pick out of the water, the water seems to flow out from under, to break the shoreline of the line of sight limitations; or the waterfront cloth bushes and reeds bank, mixed trees disorientation, resulting in the impression of the pool of the water without a viewpoint.

(ii) partition. Or build embankment across the water, or across the water corridor can be crossed, or set up a winding stone bridge, or wade in the water to point to the step stone, as Ji Cheng in the "Garden Metallurgy," said, "hydrophobic if the endless, broken through the bridge". So you can increase the depth and spatial levels, so that the water has a sense of depth.

(c) broken. The water surface is very small, such as curved streams, clear springs and small pools, can be used as a rocky shore, rocks across, criss-crossed, and planted with fine bamboo and wild vines, fish and algae, then although a puddle of pools, but also seem to have a deep mountain style aesthetic feeling.