Kneeling high school language knowledge, summarized

(A) language reading and analysis of commonly used terms

I. Expression: narrative, description, lyric, argument, illustration

II. Rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, prose, hyperbole, repetition, borrowing, rhetorical question, questioning, citation, comparison

III. Classification of expository texts:

1. Physical expository texts, matter expository texts, procedural expository texts

2, scientific and technological description, literary and artistic description (also known as scientific fiction or knowledge fiction)

4, the order of description:

1, chronological order: historical order, chronological order, the order of the seasons, the order of morning and evening (successive)

2, spatial order: pay attention to the table of the noun of the location

3, logical order: first total and then divided, from main to second, from the table to the inside, from the simple to the complex, from this to the other, from the phenomenon to the essence, and so on.

Fifth, the method of description: listing figures, making comparisons, examples, analogies, classifications, etc.

The role of the method of description:

An analogy: a vivid illustration of the ---- -- Enhances the interest of the article.

Examples: specify the characteristics of _____, thus making the description more specific and convincing.

Comparison: comparing ____ and ______ with each other, highlighting the _____ features of ____.

Numerical: Use specific data to illustrate, make the description more accurate and persuasive.

Sixth, the order of the narrative: narrative, flashback, narrative (narrative)

seventh, the method of characterization:

1, portrait (appearance) description, action description, depiction, description of the language, description of psychological activities;

2, the front description and side of the baking

eight, the common methods of writing, presentation techniques:

association, imagination, symbolism, comparison, contrast, set off, baking, counterpoint, first suppression and then enhancement, small to see the big, the object to express the will, borrowing things, the reason in things, borrowing things to people, things lyrical, through the scene, the scene of emotions, blending

nine, the role of statements in the structure of the article chapter:

The total of the whole text, cause the following, laying the groundwork, make the padding, to carry on the beginning and end (transition), before and after the echo, summarize the whole text

The role of phrases in the expression of meaning:

Rendering the atmosphere, character image (or character feelings), pointing out the center (revealing the main idea), highlighting the theme (deepen the center)

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(2) typical questions of the actual combat tactics

Quotation marks The role of:

1, the table quote (quote character dialogues, poems and sentences, etc.);

2, the table specific title (special meaning);

3, the table denial, antithesis, irony and other meanings;

4, the table emphasis.

Comparison of words:

1. Compare the meanings of words, especially those with similar meanings, and be sure to carefully identify the differences between the two words in terms of degree, scope of application, and emotional color.

2, you should read the relevant sentences several times after you have chosen them, and experience them over and over again.

Analysis of the function and meaning of statements:

1. The sentence uses the correlative "although ...... but ......", which is a transitive relationship; the correlative "not only ...... but also ......" is a transitive relationship; the correlative "not only ...... but also ......" is a transitive relationship. The correlative words "not only ...... but ......" and so on, this kind of correlative words table recursive relationship, both of which are intended to emphasize the latter.

3, evaluation, appreciation of a sentence: should start from two aspects, the first evaluation of the writing features, language features, such as what rhetorical techniques, techniques of expression, language or vivid or beautiful or symmetrical or accurate and strict ...... and then evaluation of the ideological connotation, that is to say, to clarify the sentence expresses what point of view, to give you what feelings, enlightenment, Education ......

4, analyze the meaning of a sentence can also be analyzed from the analysis of key words, focusing on the meaning of key words in a particular context.

5, analyze a sentence in the illustrative passage, to focus on the content of the description, the characteristics of the object of description and the characteristics of the language of the illustrative text (accurate, vivid).

6. To analyze a sentence in a narrative passage, it is important to focus on the particular atmosphere rendered by the article, the feelings expressed, and the characteristics of the characterization.

The main role of social environment description:

1, explaining the time background of the work.

2. In answering, you must point out what kind of social reality is revealed by the relevant statements of environmental description in the passage in the context of the local time.

The main functions of the natural environment description (scene description) sentence:

1. to show the regional scenery, suggesting the time, season and environmental characteristics;

2. to promote the development of the plot;

3. to render the atmosphere;

4. to accentuate the characters' images (or characters' moods and feelings);

5. to highlight and deepen the theme.

Sentences in the structure of the essay:

1, to the above (or the whole text): to illuminate the above, echo the beginning and end, summarize the above (or the whole text);

2, to the following: to cause the following, laying the groundwork, making the padding;

3, to the context: to carry on the beginning and the end (transition).

According to the feeling of reading the short article to talk about their own views or experience:

1, with the first person;

2, using 1 + 2 or 1 + 3 form, the first sentence to summarize their own views or experience, and then talk about the reasons for the use of two or three sentences, you can set the facts, you can also reason, such as the title of the relevant requirements, but also pay attention to the combination of their own personal experience.

According to the context, the mental activity:

1, must be in the first person;

2, must be carefully read the specific context.

To refine the center and theme:

Take care to appreciate the main content of the paper and the author's purpose of writing this paper as well as the thoughts and feelings embedded in the text. Pay attention to some common words, such as summarizing the main content, generally used: this article recounts ......, describes ......, introduces ......, through... ..., and so on, such as summarizing the purpose of writing and ideological feelings, generally used: to express ......, express ......, praise ......, sing the praises of ......, expose ......, whip ......, satirize ......, illustrate... ..., reveal ......, reflect ......, etc.

Recognition and identification of the role of words in expository texts:

There are two main types of questions:

A. What is good about the word "xxx"?

★Answer: The use of the word "xxx" vividly (accurately) describes the characteristics of the thing, and can stimulate the reader's interest (in line with the actual situation, scientific).

B. Can the word "xxx" be deleted?

★Answer:

①No. The use of the word "xxx" vividly illustrates the interest of the readers, and removing it will not have this effect.

② Can not, delete the word "× ×", the meaning of the sentence becomes , seems too absolutist; with the word "× ×", accurately illustrate the , in line with the actual situation, leaving room for scientific.

The judgment of the referent referring to the object in the passage (various styles):

1, the commonly tested referents are: this, that, these, those, other, above, so, this ......;

2, generally forward to find;

3, after you find it, put what you find in the referring pronoun in the sentence in which it is found and read it to see if it fits.

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(C) language test answer methods, skills

Language use:

1. Contextual expression: unity of topic, sentence order is reasonable, pay attention to the transition, articulation and echo. Also adapt to the language environment, pay attention to the occasion, pay attention to the object of speech, pay attention to civilized manners. Format: polite language + expression content + inquiry

2 imitation: with the structure of the example sentence, rhetoric, expression, expression to maintain consistency; content to maintain consistency, semantic coherence, topic unity.

3, reduced sentences: to meet the compression requirements, to be generalized; to find the central sentence, paragraph; to identify the main components; to exclude interfering items.

4 sentence conversion: statement sentence and rhetorical questions, exclamatory sentences between the three conversions; direct narrative into paraphrase.

Reading skills

(I), narrative reading

I. Words: the answer must be in the passage before and after the sentence words to find the answer or find the basis for the answer.

(1) be able to understand the surface meaning of words, as well as the deeper meaning and meaning, and can understand the effect of their expression;

(2) be able to determine the content of the words refer to: generally appear in the above, to find out after the original text, to see whether it is fluent and reasonable.

Second, the article summary:

Content summary (a sentence summarizing the storyline): characters and events (grasp the main points of the summary, to promote the development of the plot must be \ the first and last key phrases must be held)

Central Idea summary: such as: "This article through someone to do something, expresses the author's __ Praise and admiration, etc., praised him (character character). Praised him (character, spiritual qualities)

The role of the main idea sentence: the structure of the whole text, the content of the point of the center.

Four, rhetorical methods and expression

Metaphors, similes: vividly and imaginatively show the , expresses the emotion.

Parallelism: expresses, expresses, enhances the momentum, strengthens the feelings.

Questioning: ask yourself questions, cause the reader to think, make the article have ups and downs.

Rhetorical questions: strengthen the tone, enhance the momentum, expressed (the emotion), make the article have ups and downs.

Mode: (1). Point out what kind of expression (2). What is the content of the performance (3). What kind of feelings are expressed? For example: this sentence uses , thus vivid image of the performance of , expressed

Fifth, the order of narrative and role?

(1) the smooth narrative (according to the development of things in the order of sequence) role: the narrative has a beginning and an end, clear organization, clear veins, impressive.

(2) flashbacks: caused the suspense of ......, so that the storyline is more twisted, enhance the readability of the article.

(3) the role of flashbacks: additional explanation of the ...... make the character image richer, make the center more prominent.

The role of narrative essay interspersed with the argument: the structure to carry on the next; the content of the finishing touch.

Six, the main role of the article paragraph statements are: (must be from the content, structure of the two aspects to answer)

1, structural: to take on the above, open the following, the general leader of the following (lead to the following), to take on the next (transition), according to the previous text (the beginning), the first and last echo.

2, content: the opening point, express emotion, point out the center, deepen the theme, the finishing touch

3, writing style: atmosphere rendering, the symbolism, to the big, set up suspense, laying the ambush, for the latter to make a pad, want to raise the first to depress, the scene, the mood, the scenery, the symbol of emotion, the symbolism, and so on.

Symbolism, the role of the object: so that the expression of euphemistic and subtle, deep and touching.

The role of environmental description: explain the time and place, revealing the background of the times; rendering the atmosphere, set the mood of the characters, show the character of the characters, promote the development of the plot and so on.

Seven, evaluation and perception class

Evaluation: "is not", "agree to disagree", "good"? Sense:Combined with the main idea, personal life experience, put forward the views on the issue.

The revelation is drawn from the original text; the evaluation shows the attitude and reasons. Pay special attention to whether to let examples or in the context of the actual situation, all the answers required in the question.

VIII. Know the common methods of describing characters and understand their functions.

Methods include: ① frontal description: language, action, psychology, demeanor, appearance ② side (indirect) description: other people or events ③ detail description ④ environment to set the mood of the characters. ⑤ Affective tendency of the words used. praise and blame color

Role is: to reveal the character, show the inner world and spirit of the character

Non-protagonist in the text of the role: contrasting and accentuating, so that the protagonist's character traits are more distinctive and prominent.

Nine, the narrative language style: friendly and natural colloquialism, humor and irony, passionate, cold and spicy

Ten, the role of personification:

First person: enhance the authenticity of the article and infectious.

Second person: to facilitate the author and the characters or readers of the text of the emotional exchanges, appearing to be particularly cordial, touching.

Third person: not subject to time and space constraints, can be more free and flexible to reflect the objective content, there is a wider range of activities.

Six, material composition coping strategies

I. Material composition related knowledge

1, the characteristics of the material composition:

(1) reading and writing combination, the candidates have to read, analyze, refinement, associations, expression, in order to complete the task of writing;

(2) self-proposed topics, unlimited styles, encouraging students to write a true feeling, encouraging students to write individuality and creativity. students to write with individuality and creativity.

2, the form of material composition:

(1) text material, composition. (2) Cartoon material, see the picture writing. (3) After reading, etc .

Two, material composition coping strategies: 1, read the material; 2, clear requirements.

(I), to the text material composition

1, structure: material + requirements (must be related to the material. (Read the material and determine the main idea).

2, review and comprehension: read the requirements (proposed title, style, text, content, etc.), determine the intention, structure.

3, specific recommendations: reasonable use of materials, not avoiding the material, another stove.

Narrative essay: analyze the content of the material, contact the relevant people or events. Beginning: "read the above material, I remembered ......" or "in my life experience, there is also such a person". The end and then use the appropriate argument will be recounted in the person or thing with the material in the person or thing compared, the finishing touch can be.

Writing after reading, to read the material and accurately refine the argument.

Write a feeling around a point of view, from the four aspects of the "introduction _ discussion _ link _ conclusion" writing.

Reading is the basis, feeling is the focus!