What is the essence of the Book of Changes?

Yi Zan's The Book of Changes is an ancient divination book in China, which has developed into a profound philosophical work through the interpretation of philosophers in past dynasties. It is also a classic about natural science and social science in ancient China. The Book of Changes is the source of China culture. Its content is extremely rich, which has had a far-reaching impact on China's politics, economy, culture and other fields for thousands of years. Whether it is the way of Confucius and Mencius, the theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi, Sun Tzu's Art of War, or the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic, it is closely related to the Book of Changes. Sun Simiao, a great doctor, once said, "It is not easy to know a doctor." In a word: Without the Book of Changes, there would be no civilization in China. The Book of Changes was further improved during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It is the collective creation of our ancestors and the crystallization of Chinese wisdom. The ideas in the Book of Changes have penetrated into every aspect of China people's lives, even if people don't realize it. Confucius once said that people "don't know the daily necessities". Today, none of us have said that so-and-so is supernatural, so-and-so has changed his mind again, or reversed spoken languages and idioms such as Gan Kun and Tai Lai, but not everyone knows them. These words come directly from the Book of Changes. The Book of Changes was listed as the first of the six classics in the Western Han Dynasty. Enjoy the highest status in China's cultural history. Qin Shihuang did not dare to burn books. The study of the Book of Changes, known as the Book of Changes, has long been a profound knowledge. "History of the Scholars" records: "Confucius read the Book of Changes and learned the three techniques of weft knitting to inherit it." Up and down for five thousand years, the Book of Changes has been handed down from generation to generation, and there are many Buddhist scholars. Many scholars are poor in classics, textual research and exegesis, leaving more than 3 thousand works, which is a great sight. There are many schools of study on the Book of Changes. They compete with each other, deny each other and learn from each other. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there appeared the theory of changing one's mind, taking images, taking righteousness, good or bad luck being decided by people, and impermanence of heaven. During the warring States period, there was a theory of yin-yang change. In the Han Dynasty, there were theories of image number (divination, five elements and Najia), which were called metaphysics in Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties. Five schools of thought appeared in Song and Ming Dynasties: Neo-Confucianism, Mathematics, Qi, Psychology and Utilitarianism. Others are generally divided into two factions: one is Confucianism and the other is Taoism. Confucianism emphasizes divination and masculinity. Say, "Heaven is strong, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement." Emphasize that self-cultivation should be useful to society. Taoism emphasizes Kun gua and femininity. Say, "If the road runs like water, the weak can overcome the strong." Emphasize spiritual freedom, do nothing and follow nature, and pursue the realm of harmony between man and nature. Both Confucianism and Taoism developed from the Book of Changes, just as the water of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River originated from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The scientific connotation of the Book of Changes has been more and more widely recognized and respected. Yi-ology will become a prominent school in the world in 2 1 century. Nevertheless, there are still many unsolved mysteries in the Book of Changes, and even Confucius and Zhu have disappeared. A glimpse of the history of Yi-ology Philosophers generally divide the history of Yi-ology into five periods: the Warring States, the Han Dynasty, the Jin and Tang Dynasties, the Song and Yi Dynasties, and Sinology in the Qing Dynasty. It is only roughly divided into three stages, and an outline is drawn: 1, from Fuxi to Confucius. From the legend of Fuxi's divination, the king of Confucian classics to Confucius, China philosophers established their own cosmology and methodology through the interpretation of Yi. Sima Qian once mentioned that "Wang Wen was arrested for playing Zhouyi". As the old saying goes, Fuxi painted hexagrams, King Wen wrote hexagrams, Duke Zhou wrote eulogy, and Confucius wrote ten wings. Since Ouyang Xiu questioned Confucius' Ten Wings in Song Dynasty, more and more people tend to think that the Ten Wings was not written by Confucius alone, but no one denies that Confucius compiled, edited and enriched the Zhouyi, which laid a solid foundation for its development. 2. From the Han Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, the study of the Book of Changes developed in the process of interpreting the classics, and basically did not surpass it. In this long two thousand years, a group of Yi-ology masters have appeared. The most important representatives are Zheng Xuan, Xun Shuang and Yu Fan in Han Dynasty, Wang Bi and Han in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Kong and Li in Tang Dynasty, Shao Yong and Zhu in Song Dynasty, Lei Siqi in Yuan Dynasty, Xue Jue, Zhan Ruoshui and Lai Zhide in Ming Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi and Huang Dezong in Qing Dynasty. After Confucius, Zhu had the greatest influence on him. The Book of Changes I saw today is an investigation by Zhu. 3. It is easy to learn in the new era. Since the 20th century, the study of Yi-ology has developed in waves, from low tide to high tide. Since the May 4th Movement, people have blamed the corruption and humiliation of the Qing Dynasty on China's 5,000-year-old culture, and even China characters, a cultural carrier full of wisdom, have been criticized for this, so we should abolish it quickly. Radical young people shouted slogans of overthrowing Kongjiadian, abolishing imperial examinations, opposing reading classics and advocating vernacular Chinese. Even Lu Xun said some extreme words, holding a contemptuous attitude towards Three Tombs and Five Classics, River Map and Luoshu, which had the side effect of overcorrection, so that people who grew up in New China hardly knew what the Four Books and Five Classics were, and the traditional cultural knowledge was seriously broken. However, the strong vitality of China's ancient culture will not be destroyed by brutal internal and external forces or stupid administrative orders. Since the 1970s, with the new discoveries of domestic archaeology such as the Silk Book of Changes and bamboo slips unearthed from Han tombs, it has provided unprecedented new materials for the contemporary study of Yi. In recent years, the "Yijing fever" at home and abroad deserves attention. What is the reason, in the final analysis, lies in the scientific connotation of the Book of Changes. The Book of Changes is also called Zhouyi. Since the Han Dynasty, it has been debated for more than two thousand years why the name of Yijing is also called Yijing. In Zhou Li Dabu, Lianshan Yi, Guizang Yi and Zhouyi were collectively called Lianshan Yi, Guizang Yi and Zhouyi, indicating that the three changes coexisted at that time. Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty said that it was the Book of Changes in the Xia Dynasty, the Book of Changes in the Shang Dynasty and the Book of Changes in the Zhou Dynasty. "Lianshan" means "the clouds in Xiangshan, Yi Dao are endless". "Returning to Tibet" means "Yi Dao is like everything in it". Zhouyi means "Yi Dao Zhou Pu is prepared for anything". The master of Yi Studies in Tang Dynasty added that Zheng Xuan's argument was not sufficient. According to historical records, Shennong called Lianshan and Huangdi called Guizang, so Lianshan and Guizang were code names, and Zhouyi was called Zhouyi because of the place name of Qiyang in the Zhou Dynasty. In other words, these three changes are Xia Yi, Shang Yi and Zhou Yi. After Wang Wen, Lian and Gui Zang Yi successively fell. In fact, it may not be lost, but unified into Zhouyi. Because the basic content of its sixty-four hexagrams is the same, but the method of divination is different. Some people say that the way from tortoise divination to divination is the progress of historical development. Turtle divination only has a ghost plot, which increases the human factor (so-called human plot) by asking divination. In addition, this may be a reaction to attach importance to agriculture and protect species. Today, we can solve this dispute by combining two viewpoints: Zhouyi is all-encompassing and easy to further develop in the Zhou Dynasty. The word "Yi" has three meanings: change, simplicity and difficulty. Last month, the word "Yi" symbolized change; Its basic principle is one yin and one yang, simple and clear. This theory that everything changes without departing from its original religion is not easy. The content of the Book of Changes can be summarized into three words: image, number and reason. 1 "Easy, if also". "Cohesion" said: "The ancients worshipped the king of heaven and earth, looked up at heaven and the earth, observed the culture of birds and beasts and the suitability of the earth, and took advantage of the distance, so they started gossip to communicate the virtues of gods and the feelings of all things." Taking pictures is the result of saints looking up and looking down. There are many explanations for the image of yin and yang. Some people say it's like heaven and earth, some people say it's like the sun and the moon, and some people say it's taking a corpse, which is a symbol of male and female genitals and a password of life. The excavation of the silk book Yijing proves that the symbols of yin and yang are developed from numbers. Because numbers are easy to be confused when representing numbers, they are later abstracted into two symbols, Yang and Yin, instead of odd and even numbers. The Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish was invented by later scholars. From yin and yang to eight diagrams, that is, images of heaven, earth, fire, water, wind, thunder and mountains. Sixty-four hexagrams are deduced from gossip and named after elephants. Numbers are the basis of divination in the Book of Changes. Cohesion says: "The number of big swallows is fifty, and it uses nine out of forty. Divide two into two, hang one into three, and "she" is like four seasons. The strangeness in music is like a leap. When you leap at the age of five, you hang it up again and again. There are six ways to do it. Kun's strategy is four tenths. There are sixty in every three hundred. Date (discipline) of the current period. Two articles have 1520 strategies. The number of pawns is also. ..... "Originally, the number of heaven and earth was fifty-five, in order to" turn into ghosts and gods ",but why forty-nine was used is always controversial. Although each has its own reasons, it is not clear. Even Zhu had to say, "Beggars come from rational nature, not from the ability of non-human knowledge." The mathematics in the divination method of the Book of Changes is mysterious. Mathematicians discover the laws of binary, decimal, even and odd numbers, permutation and combination, and third-order Rubik's cube.