Briefly describe the living conditions of Russians.

A brief introduction to the living conditions of Russians

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1. Residential house

Russia is rich in forest resources, so trad

Briefly describe the living conditions of Russians.

A brief introduction to the living conditions of Russians

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1. Residential house

Russia is rich in forest resources, so traditional Russian houses are all made of wood, and there are two main styles: one is made of logs, which is very strong; The other is made of wood, which is exquisite and beautiful.

What is the roof of the traditional Russian wooden house? People? Glyph, because Russia has abundant snowfall in winter. People? The jagged roof has a steep slope, which is convenient for snow to slide down. Some of these wooden houses have chimneys, while others don't (чёрнаяизба). There is an attic in the upper part of the wooden house, which can be used for storing things and for children to live and play. There is still half a floor underground in the wooden house, about one person high. It is mainly used to store grain, vegetables and alcohol, and also has the functions of moisture prevention and heat preservation. There is a rectangular porch in front of the wooden house, and there are generally four or five steps under the porch. If you want to enter the wooden house, you must first walk up the steps and pass through the porch before you can enter the door. Generally, a house has three or four rooms, ranging in area from ten to twenty square meters, namely, living room, bedroom, dining room and kitchen. The room is spacious and covered with wooden floors. The windows of wooden houses are generally facing south, and the window frames are decorated with triangular ornaments or flowing water patterns. There is also a small transom for ventilation on the window. The windowsill is very wide and there are several pots of flowers. There is a side room next to the main house for storing farm tools or as a warehouse. The yard around the wooden house is surrounded by wooden fences, and there is also a vegetable garden in the yard.

Stove (печка), bench (лавка) and seat (перееедд) in traditional Russian houses. The stove is tall and big, which can not only keep warm, but also bake and cook, and people can lie on it. The bench is fixed on the wall for several people to sit together. It is the most important place in the farmhouse for distinguished guests. Above it is the icon. Now, this traditional Russian wooden house still exists in the Russian countryside. But with the development of the times, most farmers live in two-story buildings with 2-4 floors and public facilities. Every family has a piece of land near their house where they can grow fruits and vegetables.

In 1950s, a large number of five-story simple matchbox buildings (called хрущёвка) were built in cities. In recent years, in order to make rational use of land and adapt to the situation of a large number of urban residents, a number of high-rise buildings with 12- 19 floors have been built in big cities. There are food stores, post and telecommunications departments, savings offices, kindergartens, schools, cinemas and other public service facilities. At the same time, valuable ancient buildings in the city should be restored and preserved as much as possible.

2. Country house

The so-called villa (дача) is a Russian private residence in the suburbs. During the Soviet period, the municipal government provided 0.06 hectares of suburban land for each cadre and worker to build villas. This policy introduced in the geographical environment with a large population and a small number of people has created a special kind of architecture.

Russian villas are generally built on hillsides, forest edges and watersides in the suburbs. The areas where villas are built are mostly designated by the state to provide power transmission. People used to call these places villa villages. Russian villas are mostly wooden houses, big and small, only a dozen square meters, and big ones have suites. Generally, the interior furnishings are simple and easy to move, and the exterior is painted with bright colors to decorate various patterns.

In summer, every weekend, Russians will drive cars or take electric trains in the suburbs to spend their holidays in villas. Relaxed villa life relieves the tension and discomfort brought by fast-paced city life. They also grow vegetables in the garden of the villa, which can not only relax the body and mind, but also make up for the shortage of urban supply. As soon as summer is over, it is quiet here, and the villa owner only visits occasionally. In winter, these villas are idle. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the economy was depressed and life was difficult. Residents grow potatoes in the garden of the villa for annual consumption. In addition, some old people pay rent in cities to solve their living difficulties, while they live in simple villas.

3. Black bathhouse (чёрнаябаня)

Russians like to take a bath. There are often many public toilets in cities. What is the largest, most famous and oldest bathroom in Moscow? Suntory? Bass (сандуны).

In rural Russia, people like to take a steam bath. They think that steam bath can strengthen the body, relieve fatigue and treat diseases. Black bathhouses are common in Russian people in northern Europe and residential areas in Siberia. This kind of bathhouse is usually built in the corner of the yard next to the house, mostly made of wood, and used as a storage room in summer. In order to keep warm, there is no chimney in the stove in the bathhouse, and the black smoke emitted by wood burning permeates the bathhouse. Over time, the walls and roofs of bathhouses have been blackened, so they are called black bathhouses.

Black bathhouses are divided into dressing rooms and bathrooms. There is a big stove in the bathroom that is more than one meter long and less than one meter wide. There are iron plates or bars on the stove hall. There are stones piled on it. In the middle of the bathroom is a ladder-shaped or tower-shaped wooden frame with two or three floors, on which people can lie. When the temperature in the bathroom reaches 40-50 degrees Celsius and the hot air evaporated from the stove spreads all over the bathroom, the bather can lie on the wooden shelf for fumigation. If the bather feels that the air humidity is not enough (generally 85%-95%), he can scoop water from the bucket with a wooden spoon and pour it on the red-hot stone, and then lie on the top floor of the wooden frame board, where the water vapor is strong. After fumigation for about ten minutes, patting the back and thighs with a birch branch bath broom soaked in a supercooled bucket can speed up blood circulation and make people feel comfortable and relaxed. In winter, when the strong men in the Russian countryside take a steam bath, they beat their bodies with a birch branch bath broom, then run naked outside, roll a few times in the snow, and then return to the bathhouse to continue fumigation. This is also a major feature of Russian bathing. All bathhouses have birch branch bath brooms, but people still like to use their own. Russians collect birch branches in summer, bind them into bundles of bath brooms, and put them in the attic to dry for bathing in winter.

Many Russian fairy tales, poems and folk stories have descriptions of black bathhouses and steam baths. For example, before the October Revolution, in rural Russia, unmarried couples had to take a bath by themselves and exchange birch branches for bath brushes before a formal wedding. On Christmas Eve, the girls put a table with a white tablecloth in their bathroom, with a mirror on it, a candle lit on each side, and then stared at the mirror for a long time. It is said that the shadow of fiance will appear in the mirror.

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2. Understand the local culture and local way of thinking, do as the Romans do, and actively adapt to the environment. You can taste American life by visiting American families, watching local life movies, listening to VOA news materials and summarizing real experiences and feelings.

3. Expand the circle of friends, take the initiative to contact American society and make friends, instead of just chatting up China students. First of all, it is a dormitory roommate. Take the initiative to show their friendliness and enthusiasm, chat together, study pressure, and life troubles disappear immediately. Secondly, meet new friends, especially local friends, through international student centers, interest groups or participating in sports and entertainment activities. Unconsciously, you find yourself gradually integrated into the local society.

4. Part-time and self-help tours. Part-time jobs such as fast food restaurants, video stores or clothing stores are also important ways to feel the local culture. At the end of the semester, you can even take a self-help tour with a few friends and feel the local multiculturalism along the way, which is definitely fruitful.

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