The Historical Position of A Dream of Red Mansions

1. The Historical Position of A Dream of Red Mansions The Influence of A Dream of Red Mansions was originally handed down in manuscripts. "At that time, everyone copied a copy and bought it at the temple fair, and it was tens of gold at a high price. It can be said that it spread like wildfire" (Preface to a Dream of Red Mansions by Cheng Weiyuan). 179 1 After being printed with movable type, it spread more widely.

A Dream of Red Mansions has a great influence on young people. The love and marriage tragedies of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai aroused the cries of young people who longed for freedom in feudal times. Therefore, feudal rulers regarded it as a scourge and repeatedly banned it. Some feudal literati fabricated some nonsense to slander Cao Xueqin, but A Dream of Red Mansions was repeatedly banned, and its influence was growing. Feudal literati were dissatisfied with A Dream of Red Mansions, so they created colorful sequels. They stood on the position of feudal famous religion and were dominated by the concept of karma, which brought Lin Daiyu back to life and created a false happy reunion, which was tantamount to a dog's tail and a mink.

Criticism and research on A Dream of Red Mansions began with Zhi Yanzhai. The early manuscript of A Dream of Red Mansions was entitled "Red Yanzhai's Re-evaluation of A Dream of Red Mansions". In fact, the comments of these manuscripts are not all from Zhiyanzhai, but also signed: abnormal condition, Tangcun, Meixi, Songzhai and so on. However, Zhi Yanzhai has the most comments on writing. According to the tone and content of the comment on writing of Unknown Life, we can know that he is very familiar with the creation of A Dream of Red Mansions, participated in the revision of his works, and became very close to Cao Xueqin. Zhi Yanzhai's thought lags behind Cao Xueqin's, and his criticism is inaccurate. However, we can't deny the important value of fat criticism. It is proved that the author of A Dream of Red Mansions is Cao Xueqin, which provides important clues about Cao Xueqin's life and family background. It provides some materials and some information about the life prototype of A Dream of Red Mansions. It has a unique view on the artistic analysis of A Dream of Red Mansions. It also reveals some plot points of Cao Xueqin's manuscript after the first eighty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions.

After Zhi Yanzhai, more and more people commented and studied A Dream of Red Mansions, which was called "A Dream of Red Mansions". Before the May 4th Movement, critics and researchers had the greatest influence. The critical school is represented by Zhi Yanzhai, followed by Wang, the master of flower protection, Yao Xie, a peaceful idle man and a mountaineer. The representative works of the research school appeared in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, including A Dream of Red Mansions by Wang He and Shen Ping-an, The Story of the Stone by Cai Yuanpei and A Dream of Red Mansions by Deng Kuangyan. They think that the plot of the characters in A Dream of Red Mansions is just a screen of the theme of the work, and the plot of the characters alludes to historical facts. Only by studying the real things alluded in the works can we understand the true meaning of A Dream of Red Mansions. This method borders on speculation. After the May 4th Movement, the "New Dream of Red Mansions", represented by Hu Shi's Textual Research on a Dream of Red Mansions and Yu Pingbo's Discrimination on a Dream of Red Mansions, rose, sweeping away the dreamy color of the researches. However, due to the limitations of viewpoints and methods, it is still impossible to correctly interpret A Dream of Red Mansions and consider it as Cao Xueqin's autobiography.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the study of A Dream of Red Mansions has developed vigorously and gradually deepened, and the research fields have gradually expanded to the version of A Dream of Red Mansions, the ideology and art of A Dream of Red Mansions, the forty chapters after A Dream of Red Mansions, the historical position of A Dream of Red Mansions, the sequel and adaptation of A Dream of Red Mansions, and the critical history of A Dream of Red Mansions. A dream of red mansions with scientific significance is taking shape.

2. The position of A Dream of Red Mansions in the history of China literature. A Dream of Red Mansions, the first of China's classical Four Great Classical Novels, is a human novel with world influence, a masterpiece of China's classical novels recognized in the world, an encyclopedia of China's feudal society and a master of traditional culture.

The novel takes the rise and fall of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue as the background, the family affairs of Jia's family and the leisure of boudoir as the main line, and the love and marriage stories of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai as the main line, depicting the beauty of humanity and tragedy of lovers centered on Jia Baoyu and Jinling Twelve Chai. Through family tragedy, daughter tragedy and the protagonist's life tragedy, the crisis of the last days of feudalism is revealed.

Second, the author of A Dream of Red Mansions has a preliminary democratic thought. He profoundly criticized the real society, including the darkness of the court and officialdom, the decay of feudal nobles and their families, the feudal imperial examination system, the marriage system, the handmaiden system and the hierarchical system, and the corresponding social ruling thoughts, namely, Confucianism and social morality of Confucius and Mencius, and put forward vague ideals and propositions with preliminary democratic nature. 3. A Dream of Red Mansions encourages itself with the theme of "talking about love and recording things". It only follows its logic, gets rid of the old conventions, is fresh and unique, and has achieved extraordinary artistic achievements.

In particular, the special brushwork of "the truth is hidden, and the village words are false" has aroused the strong curiosity and prying desire of later readers, and all kinds of speculations about marginal notes are becoming more and more bizarre. 4. Chairman Mao said: (In the past, China was not as proud as others, except for its vast territory, large population and long history, and a Dream of Red Mansions in literature.

Lu Xun said: A Dream of Red Mansions is known to many people in China, at least it is the title book. Who are the authors and successors? Just because of the reader's eyes, there are all kinds of things: Confucian scholars look at Yi, Taoists look at Yin, gifted scholars look at lingering, revolutionaries look at Paiman, gossips look at palace secrets ... Mr. Wang Guowei said: A Dream of Red Mansions is philosophical, cosmic and literary.

The reason why this dream of red mansions is so contrary to the spirit of our country lies in its value. A Dream of Red Mansions not only has a circulation of one million in China, but also has translations in Tibetan, Mongolian, Kazakh and Korean, as well as selected translations, abridged translations and full translations in more than 20 languages including English, French, Japanese, Korean, Russian, German and Spanish.

Many people abroad have studied that a dream of red mansions has become the spiritual wealth of people all over the world. In Britain, the 19 10 edition of Encyclopedia Britannica praised: A Dream of Red Mansions is a very advanced work with complicated plot and originality.

In 20 14, the British media Daily Telegraph published the list of "Top Ten Asian Novels in History", and A Dream of Red Mansions ranked first. In France, critics praised Cao Xueqin for having Brewster's keen vision, Tolstoy's sympathy, Muse's intelligence and humor, Balzac's insight and the ability to reproduce all social strata from bottom to top.

Please elaborate on the historical position of A Dream of Red Mansions. According to incomplete statistics, A Dream of Red Mansions has been published in 18 languages and more than 60 translations all over the world. It is a first-class treasure in the treasure house of world literature and will be appreciated and praised by people all over the world. Foreign scholars have listed A Dream of Red Mansions, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Dunhuang Studies as the three world-famous "studies" about China. Some people in China call A Dream of Red Mansions and The Book of Changes two "metaphysics"; Some scholars even think that "only one Dream of Red Mansions in China is qualified for special research."

A Dream of Red Mansions is China's first fantastic book, and it is the pyramid of China's classical novels. * * * called it "the encyclopedia of feudal society in China" and praised it as "the fifth great invention in China". Lu Xun said: "Traditional thinking and writing methods have been broken". Feng Qiyong sang: "A Dream of Red Mansions is great. Let's talk about a thousand years. "

It can be said that people who study A Dream of Red Mansions are actually dealing with China's 5,000-year-old culture and encyclopedic knowledge, so it is eternal, inexhaustible and will always be a mystery of world culture.

A Dream of Red Mansions presents a highly realistic tragic structure. The book consists of 120 chapters. The first half is "Keep in mind the romantic prosperity" and the second half is about the decline of trees falling apart. Among them, chapters 54 to 55 are a turning point, from joy to sorrow, from prosperity to decline, from glory to dryness. Chapter 54 is the exciting climax of the book, and chapter 55 begins to plummet.

Generally speaking, the book is divided into four sections according to the decline stage of Jiafu:

The first part (the first five chapters): preface. It has a programmatic role in the whole book. It summarizes the theme, main line and sub-line of this book, as well as family affairs, people, the relationship between the four major families and the personality characteristics and fate of more than a dozen main characters.

The second part (VI to 55): It is the heyday of Jia family.

The third part (66- 104): It is the period when the four big families represented by Jia family turned from prosperity to decline.

The fourth part (from 105 to 120) is a complete fading period.

As a profound million-word masterpiece, the author organized stories of all sizes and described endless struggles. In this magnificent historical corridor, the decline of the four major families represented by Jia family and the development of Baodai's love tragedy are intertwined, which are the pillars supporting this art building.

4. The historical position of a dream of red mansions. The political structure of Jiafu First of all, according to the feudal etiquette norms, Jiafu presents an orderly order of respecting the elderly.

From Jia She and Jia Zheng to Jia Lian, Jia Baoyu and Jia Huan, from Mrs. Xing and Mrs. Wang to Feng and Li Wan, we should serve Jia wholeheartedly and accompany Jia when necessary. Of course, they should say hello to Jia, and those junior players in Ningguo House are no exception. Lin Daiyu entered Jia's house and was the first to meet Jia's mother. At this time, people from top to bottom are all around to accompany and serve, and they are all "silent, respectful and strict."

Lin Daiyu met with the old lady, in order of seniority, Jia She, Mrs. Xing, Jia Zheng, Mrs. Wang, Li Wan and Feng. As for the relationship between father and son, husband and wife, and brothers, the same is true. According to feudal ethics, the father is the son, the husband is the woman, and the brother is the respect.

Secondly, Jia Fu (especially Rong Guo Fu) depicted in the works of A Dream of Red Mansions at that time also had a prominent feature, that is, Jia Zheng was the master and master of Rong Guo Fu. Rong Guo Fu's affairs can only be implemented after Jia Zheng's approval, and those public servants are just revolving around political masters. Although Jia Lian and Wang Xifeng are Jia She's sons and daughters-in-law, they only help with housework in Zheng Shu's house, that is, they help Jia Zheng, not their father. All these show that the power of Rong Guo Fu is in Jia Zheng's hands.

The housekeeper problem of Fu's second residence has aroused the general concern of readers. Originally, Jia Zheng was the second son and had no hereditary official title. Jia Zheng became an official only because the emperor was merciful and "gave him an extra job as a master" out of compassion. Later, he was appointed minister of the Ministry of Industry, and Jia Zheng was only a very small official.

After examination, the Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Industry is a follower of Wupin. As the eldest son, Jia Duande inherited his father's official position. According to the outline of feudal ethics, his brother is respected, and Jia Zheng should obey Jia Duan. Besides, Jia Duan himself was not seriously ill, and there were descendants, namely Jia Lian. From this point of view, Jia Duan should be the reasonable and legal owner of Fu.

The political pattern of Jia's "two rooms" is quite intriguing. Mr. Wang further pointed out in his book A Dream of Red Mansions: In fact, Jia Zheng does not have the power of the Jia family.

Jiafu, especially Guo Rong, is a feminist kingdom. In this feminist kingdom.

Jia Zheng's wife, Mrs. Wang, holds the actual power. She is the "female emperor" of the Jia family. Wang Xifeng is the niece of Mrs. Wang, the wife of Jia Lian, and the "Prime Minister" and "Minister of Finance" of the Jia family. And Jia Mu is just a "emperor's father" in name only.

Indeed, for me, although there were glorious days, in the heyday of the government, she was a housewife and housekeeper, and Beavon was also "smart" in housekeeping, but now she is old and not "smart", and many things have emerged. She lost her former glory, gradually lost her real power, and became an out-and-out "emperor's father", with only a clear position and no real decision-making power. However, Jia Mu has her own advantages: she is open-minded and very wise. When she is not in power or at home, she can eat, drink and enjoy her old age in time, so as not to let herself fall into a lonely and painful situation.

Jia Mu has a good physique. Although he is old, he is not that kind of morbid senile. She is very playful, lively, always happy and active, and in good health. There are few things she can't get over. In the last forty years, at the critical moment when her house was raided and Jiafu Mansion was about to collapse, she still "dispersed her remaining resources to understand the righteousness" and publicly expressed that she was not afraid of hardship and being hit. She also advised her children and grandchildren to cheer up, not to be too pessimistic, to recover, to "reduce what should be reduced", "close this door" and "don't make people laugh", and behave unusually calmly.

Therefore, Grandfather Jia was very successful. From the outside world, Jia Zheng, Mrs. Wang's husband and the second master of the Jia family seem to be the current masters of the Jia family. He has certain husband rights to Mrs. Wang.

For example, in the 34th episode of the novel, Jia Zheng brutally beat Jia Baoyu, but Mrs. Wang couldn't order her husband to stop it, so she had to beg for it. However, according to the description in the novel, Jia Zheng has one characteristic-also his fatal weakness, that is, "henpecked", and Jia Zheng is afraid of his wife, Mrs. Wang.

When Jia Zheng hit Jia Baoyu, Mrs. Wang begged for persuasion, and moving out of Jia failed to stop her husband from hitting him. But Mrs. Wang finally moved out, told her own worries and told Jia Zheng to stop fighting for her own interests. For example, the 70th time in the novel tells a joke, which is essentially an expression of one's heart.

Because when Jia She told a joke, she told a strange joke about her mother, pointing the contradiction directly at his mother, the old lady Jia Mu. The reason was that the old lady was partial to their second brother Jia Zheng, who told a joke that a husband was afraid of his wife.

In addition, once the lady dowager said that Mrs. Wang,

5. The position of A Dream of Red Mansions in the history of China literature. China literature has a long history. Since "300 Songs of the South", pure literary works have gradually flourished in the Han Dynasty.

Since then, a hundred schools of thought have contended, and excellent works have come out from time to time. If the history of China literature is compared to a grand garden, the novel Dream of Red Mansions, which was born in the middle of18th century, is the most brilliant flower in this garden.

A Dream of Red Mansions has conquered the hearts of millions of readers in Qian Qian since its birth. There has been a saying since ancient times that it is useless to read all the poems and books without talking about A Dream of Red Mansions to show its prosperity.

Then the researchers of a dream of red mansions formed their own school, that is, up to now, the study of a dream of red mansions has gone through three stages, which lasted for more than 200 years, which is enough to make people lament. A Dream of Red Mansions is regarded as "the first good novel since ancient times", which reached the peak of China's realistic creation.

A Dream of Red Mansions is not only a comprehensive summary, inheritance and development of most literary works before it, but also an excellent example of literary works after it. Mr. Lu Xun also said: "Since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions, traditional thinking and writing methods have been broken.

-the charm and lingering of his article is second. "(2) Then, it should be a better method to discuss the position of A Dream of Red Mansions in the history of China literature from two aspects: artistic creation and ideological depth.

A Dream of Red Mansions is a wonderful novel. The author Cao Xueqin used his twilight years to write the scene of youth, which is the most wonderful. And suitable for all ages, it is the most rare.

It should be said that all kinds of articles have various audiences in China gardens, and A Dream of Red Mansions is the most respected because it meets the needs of different readers in all aspects! In the use of language, it is so poetic, beautiful and unique; As far as the layout is concerned, it is a strange peak with a unique hole in the sky. Both Bao Dai's love and the decline of Jia's family are always fascinating but intriguing. For example, the main content of A Dream of Red Mansions is still controversial.

It is about talented people and beautiful women, which is equally touching, but it breaks through the narrow love theme of traditional literature and expands the friendship between men and women from single love to universal love, that is, a selfless, pure and sincere friendship. At the same time, it also talked about the decline of feudal families and various internal "killing each other and dying" worlds.

These two main lines are flickering, but they cross into sounds and reflect each other. The themes of these two books easily remind us of China's other classical novels, such as The Peony Pavilion and The West Chamber, as well as The Water Margin and Jin Ping Mei.

The first two are poetic structures, and their artistic conception and charm are based on the "beauty" of poetry and painting, which can be called a model of elegant literature; The latter two novels win by "human feelings", which are unique in scene arrangement, characterization, detail description, language creation and application, and are models of popular literature. However, A Dream of Red Mansions absorbed their strengths for the first time and became their best combination.

In this way, the situation of elegant and popular literature "going its own way" in the history of China literature was broken, and the two met and blended, and a new magnificent river flowed. Since then, China's literary works no longer only talk about talented people suffering, beautiful women unlucky, or only about fugitives and rebellious heroes; A variety of works with both are constantly emerging, showing a situation of abundant opportunities.

Once the form of literary works has changed, its content and expression will become rich and full. In this way, no matter from the scope of literary creation or from the perspective of readers' appreciation, there are more free methods and broader space.

This is the pioneering contribution of A Dream of Red Mansions. It is also worth mentioning that A Dream of Red Mansions is not only "written for many people", but also immersed in the scenery, which is an unheard-of precedent in the history of literature, because the author can write poems, be good at painting and be knowledgeable.

"In addition to the text of the novel itself, there are all kinds of poems, words, songs, songs, ballads, proverbs, ode, poems, ci fu, couplets, books, riddles, wine orders, parallel prose, quasi-ancient prose and so on. As far as poetry is concerned, there are five stanzas, seven stanzas, five laws, seven laws, hundred laws, lines and poems. There are nostalgic poems, historical poems, scenic poems, riddles, limerick poems, limited poems, rhymes, poems with the same topic, poems with different topics and poems with limited style.

6. The position of A Dream of Red Mansions in the history of China literature. A Dream of Red Mansions is the first wonderful book in China in ancient and modern times and the pyramid of China's classical novels.

* * * called it "the encyclopedia of feudal society in China" and praised it as "the fifth great invention in China". Lu Xun said: "Traditional thinking and writing methods have been broken".

Feng Qiyong sang: "A Dream of Red Mansions is great. Let's talk about a thousand years. " It can be said that people who study A Dream of Red Mansions are actually dealing with China's 5,000-year-old culture and encyclopedic knowledge, so it is eternal, inexhaustible and will always be a mystery of world culture.

A Dream of Red Mansions presents a highly realistic tragic structure. The book consists of 120 chapters. The first half is "Keep in mind the romantic prosperity" and the second half is about the decline of trees falling apart. Among them, chapters 54 to 55 are a turning point, from joy to sorrow, from prosperity to decline, from glory to dryness. Chapter 54 is the exciting climax of the book, and chapter 55 begins to plummet.

Generally speaking, the book is divided into four sections according to the decline stage of Jia family: the first part (the first five times): overture. It has a programmatic role in the whole book.

It summarizes the theme, main line and sub-line of this book, as well as family affairs, people, the relationship between the four major families and the personality characteristics and fate of more than a dozen main characters. The second part (VI to 55): It is the heyday of Jia family.

The third part (66- 104): It is the period when the four big families represented by Jia family turned from prosperity to decline. The fourth part (from 105 to 120) is a complete fading period.

As a profound million-word masterpiece, the author organized stories of all sizes and described endless struggles. In this magnificent historical corridor, the decline of the four major families represented by Jia family and the development of Baodai's love tragedy are intertwined, which are the pillars supporting this art building. .

7. The position of Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions in the history of China literature development;

A Dream of Red Mansions is an earthly novel with world influence. It is recognized as the pinnacle of China's classical novels, an encyclopedia of China's feudal society and a master of traditional culture. The novel takes the rise and fall of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue as the background, focuses on Jia's family affairs and leisure, and focuses on the love and marriage stories of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai. It describes the beauty of humanity and tragedy of lovers of good and evil centered on Jia Baoyu and twelve women in Jinling, praises the rebels who pursue light, foresees the inevitable demise of feudal society through the tragic fate of rebels, and reveals the crisis of feudal eschatology.

A Brief Introduction to A Dream of Red Mansions

A Dream of Red Mansions is regarded as the pinnacle of China's classical novels and Zhang Hui's novels, and also the highest achievement of Ming and Qing novels. One of China's four classical novels, so much so that one work constitutes an academically independent research discipline-A Dream of Red Mansions, which is extremely rare in the history of literature. A Dream of Red Mansions systematically summarizes the culture and system of the feudal society in China, profoundly criticizes all aspects of the feudal society, puts forward hazy ideals and propositions with preliminary democratic nature, and exposes the seeds of the bourgeoisie. Since Hu Shi's textual research on A Dream of Red Mansions, it is generally believed that Cao Xueqin projected his family's destiny in A Dream of Red Mansions. Among them, the last 40 chapters were written by Gao E, because Cao Xueqin died before he finished writing.

The author takes the rise and fall of aristocratic families as the main axis. In order to avoid the interference of the Qing Dynasty in writing touching current affairs, the dynasty is fictional, the truth is hidden, and the description of boudoir women is taboo.

Although this masterpiece fictionalizes the dynasty and place, and takes the myth of the goddess mending the sky as the origin of the story, it inadvertently reflects the documentary life of the nobles under the rule of the Qing Empire. It also reflected the social life at that time, the system of wedding, funeral and sacrifice, and even clothing, diet, pavilions, landscaping, boats and cars. There are many descriptions and jokes about Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism in the book.

On September 28th, 20 13, a press conference was held in Beijing to commemorate the 250th anniversary of Cao Xueqin's death and the return of 28 manuscripts to the motherland after the Stone Story of A Dream of Red Mansions. More than 100 experts and scholars from China Academy of Social Sciences, Central Party School and cultural circles attended the meeting.

gist of the article

There have always been different opinions on the study of the thought of A Dream of Red Mansions. Lu Xun defined it as a "human novel", and Zhi Yanzhai commented on "An Example": This book is only written for the boudoir, so the story of the boudoir is simple, and if it involves foreign affairs, it is concise. Wang Guowei's comment on A Dream of Red Mansions: A Dream of Red Mansions, contrary to comedy, is a complete tragedy. Hu Shi's Textual Research on A Dream of Red Mansions: A Dream of Red Mansions is an autobiographical biography of Cao Xueqin. Cai Yuanpei's Dream of Red Mansions: Revealing the funeral of Qing Dynasty and mourning the death of Ming Dynasty.

8. The position and important influence of A Dream of Red Mansions in the history of China literature. A Dream of Red Mansions is China's first fantastic book, and it is the pyramid of China's classical novels. * * * called it "the encyclopedia of feudal society in China" and praised it as "the fifth great invention in China". Lu Xun said, "Traditional thinking and writing methods have been broken". Feng Qiyong sang A Dream of Red Mansions, and then talked about it for a thousand years. In fact, it is dealing with China's 5,000-year-old culture and encyclopedic knowledge, so it is eternal, will never be studied, and will always be a mystery of world culture. A Dream of Red Mansions has a highly realistic tragic structure. The book consists of 120 chapters. The first half is about "recalling the prosperity of the wind and the moon", and the second half is about the decline of "falling away from the tree", with chapters 54 and 55 in between. Chapter 54 is the exciting climax of the book, and chapter 55 begins to plummet. Generally speaking, the book is divided into four sections according to the decline stage of Jia family: the first part (the first five chapters): preface, which plays a programmatic role in the book. The theme, main line and sub-line of the book, Jia's family affairs, the relationship between people and four families, and the personality characteristics and fate of more than a dozen main characters are summarized explicitly or implicitly.