Why are the profit margins different in different industries?

1. The market structure is different, or more directly, there are various forms of monopoly power. Typical examples of these monopolistic forces are: patents, barriers to technology flow, barriers to industry entry, and national natural monopoly.

2. The market is a dynamic system, and the real equilibrium is difficult to achieve, or almost never achieved. It is a process of convergence → divergence → convergence (with the constant change of exogenous variables, the ge at the convergence end is also changing).

1. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the industry profit rate. Under a reasonable price system, the industry profit rate can reflect the distribution degree of social resources; In the case of distorted price system, industry profit rate does not mean whether the distribution of social and economic resources is reasonable, but depends on the price comparison of products between industries. Therefore, studying the industry profit rate can help us understand the role of the law of average profit rate, adjust the profit level between different industries, guide the rational flow of social funds, and automatically balance the total social supply and total demand.

Two, the industry profit rate is an economic indicator reflecting the level of industry profit. Under different economic conditions, the industry profit rate has different meanings. In capitalist economy, profit is the transformation form of surplus value, so the industry profit rate is the ratio of the total surplus value of an industry to the total prepaid capital of the industry, which shows the ability of capital proliferation. Under socialist conditions, industry profit rate can be divided into cost profit rate and capital profit rate. The former is the ratio of industry profit to cost. The latter refers to the ratio of industry profits to industry occupied funds, indicating the profitability of funds.

Third, profit is the source of funds for investors to obtain investment income and creditors to collect principal and interest. It is the concentrated expression of operators' operating performance and management efficiency, and also an important guarantee for the continuous improvement of workers' collective welfare facilities. Therefore, profit is the central issue that all parties inside and outside the enterprise are very concerned about. The performance of an enterprise can finally be reflected by profitability, which refers to the ability of an enterprise to obtain profits. Therefore, it is particularly important to analyze the profitability of enterprises. Based on the data of the second national economic census and the financial statements of enterprises, this paper analyzes the profitability of 34 17 enterprises. The indicators reflecting the profitability of enterprises mainly include: return on total assets, gross profit, operating profit rate, cost profit rate and net sales profit rate. The highest return on total assets of public management and social organizations, also known as the profit rate of total assets, is the ratio of the total profit of enterprises to the average total assets of enterprises. It is an index reflecting the comprehensive utilization effect of enterprise assets, and it is also an important index to measure the profits created by enterprises using the total rights and interests of creditors and owners. The higher the index, the better the utilization effect of enterprise assets.