Top Four Consortiums in the U.S.

The top ten consortiums in the U.S. financial industry

Tenth place. Top Ten Consortiums in the United States - Chicago Finanial Group

One of the top ten consortiums in the United States is a consortium in the Midwest region of the United States.

In the early twentieth century, it was formed by the local wealthy families, the McCormick family, the Wood family, and the emerging Klang family, and it was named after the Chicago area as the center of its activities.

The Chicago area has a favorable climate, adequate rainfall, fertile land, suitable for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, and has long been an important food area and livestock area in the United States. Agriculture and animal husbandry developed, meat processing and agricultural machinery industry with the development of the Chicago area soon became second only to New York's industrial and commercial center and financial center. These rich families combined to form the monopoly consortium. 1935 has assets of 4.3 billion U.S. dollars, in the United States at the time of the eight consortium in the fourth place.

The Chicago consortium's financial strength is relatively strong, with five large banks: Continental Illinois, First Chicago, Harris Bank, Northern Trust and Bank of America. In addition, there are two insurance companies: CNA Financial Corporation and States Insurance Company. In recent years, the Chicago consortium has been sidelined by Wall Street conglomerates and is far less financially powerful. Continental Illinois was infiltrated by the Morgan consortium, has become two consortiums *** with the control of the company; the first Chicago company and for the Rockefeller consortium control, the Chicago consortium has been virtually subordinate to the two consortia.

The industrial sector controlled by the Chicago consortium, mainly agricultural products processing industry and the traditional agricultural machinery manufacturing industry, as well as agricultural areas for the object of business. In the agro-processing industry, it controls 12 meat-processing companies, of which the larger ones are Esmark and United Foods. In agricultural machinery, it owns the International Harvester Company, the Crawler Tractor Company (which it controls along with two Rockefeller consortiums***), and the Deere and Company. These three agricultural machinery companies produce 60% of the national tractor sales market. After World War II, the Chicago Consortium's expansion in the oil industry was notable for its large investments in Indiana Standard Oil and Texaco, which belonged to the Rockefeller Consortium, and for important personnel combinations.

The Chicago Consortium was important in business. It owns huge commercial retail companies such as Sears Loubucks, Union Department Stores, Jewelry Stores and Marshall Field's. Sears Loubac Company was founded in 1866, operating mail order business in the early 20th century gained tremendous development, retail stores and supply points throughout the United States, in 1982 the company's assets increased 36.6 billion U.S. dollars, annual sales of 30 billion U.S. dollars, in the United States of America's department stores in the first place.

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Ninth place. Morgan Financial Group

Morgan Financial Group

One of the ten largest consortiums in the United States, formed at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century to rule the U.S. economy as a monopoly capital consortium. Founder J.P. Morgan in his father J.S. Morgan capital on the basis of the 1871 partnership with the establishment of Drexel Morgan, engaged in investment and credit and other banking business. 1894 partners died, by its sole proprietorship, 1895 was renamed J.P. Morgan and the company as a base camp, to the financial services and economic sectors ( such as steel, railroads and public utilities, etc.), the Morgan Financial Group is one of the ten largest consortiums of the United States. Such as steel, railroads and public utilities, etc.) to expand their power, began to form a monopoly consortium. 1912, the Morgan consortium controlled 13 financial institutions, with total assets of 3.04 billion U.S. dollars, of which the strength of J.P. Morgan is the most powerful, dominant in the U.S. financial sector, the financial bosses on Wall Street called J.P. Morgan "banker's banker". ". World War I Morgan consortium made a fortune, after the war with its strong financial capital, penetrated into all sectors of the national economy; in the 30's, Morgan consortium controlled by large banks, large enterprises accounted for the total assets of the United States at the time of the eight consortium of more than 50%.

As the competition between the consortium continues to intensify, other consortiums are not to Morgan consortium as the main target of the attack, and thus the relative decline in its position of strength, once for the Rockefeller consortium exceeded. In order to restore the decline, it has taken a variety of measures. In the financial aspect, the use of strong financial foundation, expanding strength. In industry, actively develop new technology industry, since the 60s, in the electronic computer, high-speed photocopiers and microfilm and other process sectors, has jumped to the top. The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), to which the consortium belongs, is the world's largest producer of electronic computers. The consortium's original well-established industries such as electrical equipment, power equipment and atomic energy equipment have also made great progress. In the arms industry, the Morgan consortium controlled by the General Electric Company, General Dynamics and Grumman Aircraft Company, the United States Department of Defense ranked as the largest arms contractor in the forefront. To the late 70's, Morgan consortium of trust assets grew rapidly, greatly exceeding other consortia, to electronic computers and other cutting-edge technology industry, and the rise of the consortium's economic strength has grown exponentially. The Morgan consortium is above the Rockefeller consortium in terms of the number of companies it controls and the assets it owns.

Morgan consortium in the financial industry has a strong foundation. Its main pillar is J.P. Morgan. Morgan is one of the world's largest multinational banks, with 10 subsidiaries and many branches at home, and more than 1,000 communication banks. It has branches or representative offices in about 20 major cities abroad and has stakes in financial institutions in nearly 40 countries. Its operations are characterized by extensive stock trading and the operation of huge trust assets. It controls stakes in 37 foreign commercial banks, development banks, investment companies and other enterprises. In addition, there are Manufacturers Hanover Company, Bankers Trust Company of New York, as well as Northwestern Bancorp, Prudential Life Insurance Company, and New York Life Assurance Company. On the industrial and mining side there were mainly International Business Machines, General Electric, International Telephone and Telegraph, U.S. Steel, and General Motors; and on the utility side there were American Telephone and Telegraph and Southern Company.

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Eighth place. The United States top ten consortium - Mellon Financial Group Mellon Financial Group

The United States one of the top ten consortiums, is centered on the Mellon family, to the financial start of the large monopoly capital group. Founder T. Mellon in 1869, founded Thomas Mellon and Sons Bank, which developed rapidly. Mellon father and son bank in 1869, the development of rapid. 1902 renamed Mellon National Bank is the Mellon consortium to start the financial pillar. It took this as a starting point and gradually integrated with industrial capital, and the consortium was gradually formed. The financial institutions controlled by the Mellon Consortium, in addition to the Mellon National Bank, there are the National Bank of Pittsburgh and General Reinsurance Company. For a long time, the Mellon Consortium through these financial institutions to control the Pittsburgh region's banking capital and industrial capital.

The oldest of the industrial and mining companies controlled by the Mellon Consortium is Alcoa. Its predecessor was the Pittsburgh Smelting Company, which was controlled by the Mellon and Sons Bank in 1890, and since 1910, Alcoa has had a monopoly on the production of aluminum in the United States, one of the industrial pillars of the Mellon Consortium. Another important industrial pillar was the Gulf Oil Company. It is one of the largest oil monopolies in the United States, and its main business includes oil extraction, refining, transportation and marketing; since the 1980s, it has expanded its production capacity of petrochemicals and ethylene, and it occupies the third place among the U.S. chemical companies. Mellon consortium in the steel industry production also holds a certain position, with Amco Steel (with the Rockefeller consortium, Cleveland consortium *** with control), National Steel (with the Cleveland consortium *** with control) and Wheeling - Pittsburgh Steel Company, Allegheny-Ledlum Industrial Company and other four large Steel Company. In addition, the consortium owns Westinghouse Electric Company (under common control with the Rockefeller Consortium***), Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company (under common control with the Rockefeller, Chicago and Cleveland Consortium***) and Rockwell International Corporation. Rockwell, which is not infiltrated by any consortium, specializes in the design and manufacture of airplanes, missiles, and rockets, and has long been a major and profitable contractor for the Pentagon and NASA.

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Seventh place. Rockefeller Financial Group

One of the ten largest consortia in the United States. The Rockefeller family's oil monopoly is the largest monopoly group in the United States based on the Rockefeller family's oil monopoly, through the continuous control of financial institutions, the scope of influence to the national economy of the various sectors of the largest monopoly group. Founder J. D. Rockefeller started with oil, 1863 in Cleveland opened refinery, 1870 to the plant as the basis for the expansion of the composition of the Ohio BiaoHuai (original translation of U.S.) Petroleum Company, and soon monopolized the U.S. petroleum industry, and with the huge profits it obtained, invested in the financial industry and manufacturing industry, the economic strength of the development of a rapid. Total assets in 1935 only 6.6 billion dollars, to increase to 82.6 billion dollars in 1960, an increase of 11.5 times in 25 years. Subsequently, it continued to obtain great development, in 1974, the total assets increased to 330.5 billion U.S. dollars, more than the JP Morgan consortium, jumped to the top of the U.S. top ten consortiums. The largest oil companies in the United States have 16, of which 8 belong to the Rockefeller consortium.

The Rockefeller consortium is a typical bank capital control of industrial capital. It has a huge financial network, with the Chase Manhattan Bank as the core, under the Chemical Bank of New York, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, and Fair Life Insurance Company and more than a hundred other financial institutions. Through these financial institutions, it directly or indirectly controls many industrial and mining enterprises, and occupies an important position in various economic sectors, such as metallurgy, chemistry, rubber, automobiles, foodstuffs, air transportation, telecommunications, and the arms industry. The arms companies under its control are: McDonnell Douglas, Martin Marietta (with the Mellon consortium *** with control), Sperry Rand Corporation and Westinghouse Electric Company (with the Mellon consortium *** with control), etc.. The Rockefeller consortium also controls five of the largest U.S. airlines, including United Airlines, Pan Am, American Airlines, Trans World Airlines and Eastern Airlines, either alone or with other consortia***.

In 1973, after the energy crisis, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries countries and the United States monopoly capital launched a tit-for-tat struggle, to the Rockefeller consortium to a heavy blow. The consortium took various measures to restore this unfavorable situation. First of all, it participated in the development of domestic oil in the United States, and fought for the leasing rights of offshore oil fields in the coastal areas of the country, and in 1976 it obtained 1.3 million acres of oil leases in Alaska and the middle of the Atlantic coast. It also worked with the Anglo-Dutch Shell Oil Company*** to develop oil fields in the British North Sea. It has also penetrated other related sectors of the energy industry. In addition, there is a strong move towards the petrochemical industry.

The Rockefeller consortium is not only dominant in the economic field, but also in the government has inserted a large number of agents, swaying the U.S. government's domestic and foreign policy. It also penetrated into education, science, health, the arts and all aspects of social life through organizations such as the Rockefeller Foundation and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund to expand its influence.

But since the Rockefeller consortium in the 80s, the economic strength is increasingly declining, the status of the decline, has been exceeded by the Morgan consortium. Mainly because the United States consortiums penetrate each other, the Rockefeller consortium belongs to large enterprises such as Exxon and large banks such as Chase Manhattan Bank, etc., have been subjected to the penetration of other consortiums and become *** with the control of the enterprise.

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Sixth place. The Cleveland Finanial Group

One of the ten largest consortiums in the United States, named after its location in Cleveland.

In the second half of the 19th century, the Cleveland area of several closely linked wealthy families, mainly Mather, Hanna, Humphrey, Eaton and other families, the use of local coal and iron resources, the founding of the iron and steel industry, and obtain huge profits, and then invested in the banking industry, and to the rubber industry and the development of railroad transportation. After the First World War has the conditions of the consortium, in 1935 has assets of 1.4 billion U.S. dollars, for the United States at the time of the eighth consortium. During the Second World War, and get further development, in 1955 the assets increased to 15.7 billion dollars, rose to the sixth consortium in the U.S. In the 60's, due to the consortium is located in the regional restrictions, the strength of the decline.

The Cleveland consortium's economic strength is based on steel, rubber, railroad transportation and other sectors, in the United States, the basic industry has a certain position. The steel industry is the consortium's main interests, it controls four of the 10 largest steel companies in the United States, namely, *** and steel companies, Lex Youngstown, Amco Steel (with the Mellon Consortium, the Rockefeller Consortium *** with the control) and National Steel (with the Mellon Consortium *** with the control). Cleveland consortium also has important interests in the U.S. rubber industry, the two largest rubber companies in the United States - Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. and Featherstone Tire & Rubber Co. are Cleveland and other consortiums **** with control. Cleveland consortium financial capital is weak, it owns the Cleveland Trust Company and other five financial institutions, the strength is limited, raising funds only to rely on the eastern consortium, especially the Morgan consortium of financial institutions.

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Fifth place. California Financial Group

One of the ten largest conglomerates in the United States. It is one of the ten largest conglomerates in the United States. It is one of the largest conglomerates in the United States. It is one of the largest conglomerates in the United States. It is one of the largest conglomerates in the United States. The economic strength of these three groups during the Second World War, with the rapid development of the arms industry in California and get a sharp increase, especially the growth rate of financial capital is particularly amazing, the formation of the Bank of America as the financial center of the consortium. 1974 has assets of 167.1 billion U.S. dollars in the United States in the top ten consortiums in the United States in the third, in the United States of America, the political and economic life in the main role. It and the southern consortium formed an emerging arms industry group power, and become the old consortium with the Northeast to compete with the force.

The California consortium's financial capital is extremely strong, with major commercial banks such as the Bank of America, Bank of the West, Security Pacific, and Wells Fargo and Crocker National in the San Francisco area.

Bank of America is the financial core of the California consortium, its predecessor for the Italian immigrants descended from A. P. Giannini in the early 20th century, founded the Bank of Italy. Due to the rapid development of business, to the 20's became the largest bank in the western United States; in the early 30's, with the California Bank of America, merged, renamed Bank of America (full name of the National Trust and Savings Bank of the Americas). World War II brought it huge profits, surpassing the then Chase National Bank of New York as the largest commercial bank in the United States. Only the Bank of America's largest voting rights have been controlled by the J.P. Morgan consortium and the First Citibank consortium, the California consortium in the Bank of America's power is far less than before.

The industrial and mining enterprises controlled by the California Consortium, before the Second World War to agriculture and mining industry; during the war and after the war, because California has become the largest U.S. base of arms production, the consortium controlled industrial companies to arms production. Examples include Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Litton Industries, and Northrop. These companies were among the top ten arms dealers and arms exporters in the United States. After the war, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation has long been at the top of the U.S. Department of Defense's arms orders. But the control of these arms-producing companies gradually fell into the hands of the eastern consortium, the California consortium's position of strength has relatively declined.

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Fourth place. Top Ten U.S. Conglomerates - First National City Bank Financial Group

One of the ten largest conglomerates in the United States, it is a large eastern conglomerate that emerged after the war. Although the history is short, but the total amount of assets under its control has exceeded several old consortiums, jumping to the forefront of the top ten consortiums. The consortium to the first Citibank as the core, relying on its huge capital, to the arms industry (such as rockets, missiles, and aircraft, etc.) and civil industry (such as electronics, chemical industry, petroleum, and non-ferrous metallurgy, etc.) to expand their power, and control a large number of famous large enterprises and large companies. It is also one of the most active consortia in foreign expansion.

The predecessor of First Citibank was Citibank New York, founded in 1812, one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. To the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, by Stillman and Rockefeller two big family control, as the standard oil system (Mobil Oil System) funds scheduling center, and therefore get rapid development. 30 years by the world economic crisis hit, the business fell apart. In the wave of mergers that occurred in the 1950s, it became active again, and in 1955 merged with the First National Bank of New York, changing its name to the First Citibank of New York, and in 1962 changed its name to its current one. The bank as the core of the formation of the first Citibank consortium, crowded into the ranks of the top ten consortiums in the United States.

The first Citibank consortium so the development of such a rapid, mainly due to the economic strength of the consortium is the first Citibank and arms production with a close relationship between the large companies and large enterprises constitute. It controls the arms production of Boeing and United Aircraft Corporation, in addition to the production of large-scale civilian airliners, has always been the United States of America's major arms contractors, the main contractors jet bombers, Minuteman Ⅲ intercontinental missiles, Apollo program, as well as the manufacture of rockets and cosmic space launchers, and other military products, each year, from the military ordering to obtain a surprisingly high level of profits. Other businesses owned by the consortium include Atlantic Richfield Oil Company (controlled with the Morgan Consortium***), Phillips Petroleum Company (controlled with the Morgan Consortium***), Xerox Corporation, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, Crawler Tractor Company (controlled with the Morgan Consortium and the DuPont Consortium***), and the National Cash Dispenser Company, which produces electronic computers. On the commercial side, there is the Penney Company (controlled with the Morgan Consortium***) and the Jewelry Store (controlled with the Chicago Consortium***). All of the above companies have monopolies at home and abroad.

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Third place. Du Pont Financial Group

One of the ten largest consortia in the United States, Du Pont Financial Group was formed by the Du Pont family, relying on the chemical industry and the arms industry to start a consortium. The founder was a French immigrant, E. I. du Pont de Nemours. He fled to the United States during the French Revolution, and founded DuPont in 1802 in Wilmington, Delaware, to run the gunpowder business; after the DuPont family's five generations of operation, DuPont finally became a typical family trust. During World War I, DuPont's assets increased from 75 million dollars before the war to 300 million dollars in 1918; it became one of the largest monopolies at that time. The Du Pont Consortium was also formed, and in 1935, the total assets of the Du Pont Consortium increased to 2.63 billion dollars, ranking sixth among the eight largest consortia in the United States at that time. In the Second World War, the DuPont consortium from the Pentagon to obtain 21 billion dollars worth of military orders, and after the war to participate in the manufacture of the atomic bomb, the economic strength of the ten consortiums jumped to the fifth; but to the 60's, due to the intensification of competition between the consortiums, DuPont consortium's position declined, and retired to the ninth place.

The DuPont consortium's economic strength is dominated by the industrial and mining industries. 1974, the consortium's industrial and mining assets accounted for 69% of its total assets. Industrial capital was again concentrated in DuPont and General Motors. DuPont is the largest chemical company in the United States, and 80% of its raw material needs are petroleum. Since 1973, it has been repeatedly hit by the oil crisis. Since the 1980s, the company has turned to the development of the plastics industry and vigorously carry out scientific research to produce products that do not use petroleum as a raw material, such as the production of synthetic fibers using microbial fermentation. DuPont consortium of another large company General Motors (with the Morgan consortium *** with the control), is the largest U.S. automobile company.

The DuPont consortium's bank capital is weaker than other consortia, the lack of a well-funded financial institutions as the core, for a long time, its financial business had to rely on the Morgan consortium and other consortia to provide funds.

The DuPont consortium is a typical family trust, the DuPont consortium is basically composed of the DuPont family, and most of its capital is the family's wealth. All important positions were controlled by members of the family until the first half of the 1970s; the company's chairman and managing director were successively filled by "capable" outsiders.

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Second place. Top 10 Consortiums in the United States - Texas Consortium Texas Financial Group

One of the top 10 consortiums in the United States. After the Second World War, a new consortium in Texas, mainly relying on the development of the oil industry and arms industry. K.W. McKesson, S. Richardson, H.L. Hunt, J. Bertrand, J.A. Elkins and other founding families as representatives.

The Texas consortium's banking capital was relatively weak, although it owned four banks and three insurance companies, but it did not form a strong financial center. 4 banks are: First National Bank of Dallas, Houston - City National Bank, Dallas **** and National Bank and the Texas Bank of Commerce. The industrial and mining enterprises controlled by the Texas consortium were the largest, the Tenneco Company of Houston. Originally one of the largest oil and gas pipeline transportation companies in the United States, it has grown into a multibusiness conglomerate, which, because of infiltration by the Rockefeller consortium, has become a company controlled by both consortia **** together. In the arms industry, the Texas consortium controls two prominent companies. One is the LTV company (formerly translated Lin-Temco-Water Company), founder J. J. Lin, good at mergers, in 1960 merged with the Temco aircraft manufacturing company, and then in 1961 merged with the Water Company (manufacturing airplanes and missiles). 80's since the diversification of business, but still mainly in the manufacture of arms, profits The other is Hughes Aircraft Company. The other is Hughes Aircraft Company, founded in 1933, whose business was limited to design and experimental manufacturing, and which began commercial production in 1942, manufacturing airships, reconnaissance cameras and various aircraft parts. in the first half of the 1980s, the company's production of electronic control systems and other electrical components was at the forefront of the United States aircraft manufacturing industry, and as a result, the company's business prospered and its turnover rose considerably. In addition, the Texas consortium owns companies that produce cutting-edge technological industrial products, such as Texas Instruments.

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First place. Top 10 American Consortia - Boston Consortium Boston Financial Group

One of the top 10 American consortia and one of the oldest monopoly consortia in the United States. It was formed by the 19th century operation of the slave trade and rich Boston area Lowell, Lawrence, Adams, and the Lodge family and the emerging Kennedy family. At that time, these families from overseas colonial plunder accumulated huge sums of money invested in commercial banks, insurance business and investment companies, and rely on these financial institutions to provide funds to operate the textile, tanning, shoes, clothing, food and chemicals and other light textile industry. Due to the rapid development of the textile industry, to the early 20th century, Boston, the generations of intermarried families, the First National Bank of Boston as the core, the formation of the Boston Consortium.

The First National Bank of Boston was founded in 1859 and merged with the Bank of Massachusetts in 1903, still known as the First National Bank of Boston. It was one of the first multinational banks in the United States. In addition to the bank, the Portadown Consortium also owned four famous insurance companies, with John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company as the largest.

The Boston Consortium was not as strong in industrial and mining enterprises as the big eastern consortia. It controls the industry was mainly light textile industry, from the 1950s, the use of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's scientific research results in the development of new technology industry, from the light textile industry to electronics, optics, space, missiles and other aspects of development. For example, the company it controlled, Tequestron, merged many small and medium-sized companies after the war, and its strength grew, and its business direction shifted from the light textile industry to the development of the aerospace industry and the electronics industry, and it became a diversified company with more than 70 subsidiaries. It manufactured aviation and aerospace products, various electronic components, and airplane parts, and also operated in the clockwork, furniture, and poultry industries. One of its subsidiaries, Bellevue Aircraft Corporation, was an arms exporter that manufactured helicopters for the Pentagon and foreign countries. Boston consortium in the development of new technology industry has superior technical strength, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and other famous universities of scientific research results, a strong impetus to the development of cutting-edge industries in the Boston area. Its affiliated Tekstrom, Ray Sion and Bora Lloyd companies, due to the stimulation of the emerging technology industry, the economic strength of the rapid growth. Politically, the Boston Consortium had joined forces with the Gekkefeller Consortium to support J.F. Kennedy's presidency. Kennedy people in charge of the White House, for the Bordeaux consortium for a large number of military orders, caused by the Morgan consortium of strong dissatisfaction. 1963 November alliance Kennedy assassination, to the Boston consortium a big blow, so that it is in competition with other consortiums in the status of declining.