Confucius six books

The term "six books" out of the "Rites of Zhou": "Paul's palm admonishing the king for evil, and raise the state to the road, is to teach the six arts: one said five rituals; two said six music; three said five shooting; four said five harness; five said six books; six said nine numbers;". However, the "Rites of Zhou" only recorded the "six books" this term, but did not explain.

China's East Han scholar Xu Shen in the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" recorded: "Zhou Li eight years old into elementary school, Paul's teach the state, the first six books. One said refers to things: refers to things, see and recognizable, and visible, 'on', 'under' is also. Second, the elephant-shaped: elephant-shaped, painted into its object, with the body stuttering, 'sun', 'moon' is also. Third, it is said that the shape and sound: the shape and sound of the thing for the name, take the analogy into, 'river', 'river' is also. Four said that will mean: will mean, than class and friendship, to see the finger? The 'wu', 'letter' is also. Five said that the note: the note, build a class, agree with each other, 'kao', 'old' is also. Sixth, false borrowing: false borrowing, there is no word, according to the sound of the thing, 'make', 'long' is also." Xu Shen's explanation is the first official record of the definition of the six books in history. Later interpretations of the Six Books still centered on Xu Yi.

[edit]Explanation of the six construction regulations

[edit]Pictograph

It belongs to the "solo character construction method". The lines or strokes of the characters are used to outline the shape and characteristics of the object to be expressed in a concrete way. For example, the character for "moon" is like the shape of a moon, the character for "turtle" is like the shape of the side of a turtle, the character for "horse" is a horse with a horse iguana and four legs, and the character for "fish" is the shape of a fish with four legs. The character "鱼" is a swimming fish with a head, body and tail, the character "艸" (the original character for grass) is two tufts of grass, and the character "门" (door) is in the shape of two doors on the left and right. The character for "sun" is like a circle with a point in the center, much like the shape we see when we look directly at the sun.

[edit]Referring to things

It belongs to the "monogramming method". The main difference from hieroglyphics is that the character 指事 contains something in the more abstract form of a painting. For example, the character "刃" (edge) has a point added to the sharpness of "刀" (knife) to mark it; the character "凶" (evil) has a cross symbol added to the trap; "上" (up) and "下" (down) have the same meaning as the characters "" and "" (down). The characters "上" and "下" are marked with symbols above or below the main character "一"; and "三" is represented by three crosses. These characters are outlined with a more abstract part.

[edit]Shaped-phonetic

This is a "merged character creation method". Shaped-sound characters are composed of two parts: the form radicals (also known as "meaning symbols") and the sound radicals (also known as "phonetic symbols"). The form side indicates the meaning or class of the character, while the sound side indicates the same or similar pronunciation of the character. For example, the character "樱", the form side is "木", which means that it is a kind of tree, and the sound side is "婴儿", which means that its pronunciation is the same as that of "婴儿". The character "篮", with "竹" as its side, means that it is a bamboo object, and "监" as its side, means that its pronunciation is the same as "嬰"; the character "篮", with "竹" as its side, means that it is a bamboo object, and "监" as its side. The lower part of the character "齿" is "形旁", which draws the shape of a tooth, and the upper part of the character "止" is "声旁", which means that the pronunciation of the character is similar to that of the character "监".

[edit]Huiyi

This is a "merged character creation method". Huiyi consists of two or more separate characters, which are combined to express the meaning of the character in the form or meaning of the characters they are composed of. For example, the character "酒" (wine) is made up of a bottle "You"(you) and a liquid "水"(liquid), which are used for brewing wine, and the character "解"(solution). The meaning of the character "解" is to separate "牛" and "角" with "刀"; "鸣" refers to the call of a bird, so the character "鳴" is used to describe the sound of a bird. The word "chirping" refers to the sound of a bird, so it was formed by using the words "mouth" and "bird".

[edit]Transcription

This is a "characterization method". Different regions have different names for the same thing due to differences in pronunciation and geographical divides. When these two characters are used to express the same thing and have the same meaning, they will have the same radicals or parts. For example, the words "kao" and "old" both mean elder; the words "颠" and "顶" both mean the top of the head; the word "窍" means the top of the head; the word "窍" means the top of the head; and the word "" means the top of the head. The two characters "窍" and "空" both mean "hole". These characters have the same radicals (or parts) and parsing, and are also related by phonetic transcription.

[edit]Use of the Six Books

In fact, the ancients did not create Chinese characters only after the Six Books were created. This is because Chinese characters had already developed quite systematically during the Shang Dynasty, and there was no record of the Six Books at that time. The six books were a system that was analyzed and summarized by later generations. However, after the system of "six books" was established, when people created new characters, they used this system as the basis. For example, "軚" and "锿" are form-sounding characters, and "凹" and "凸", "氹", "氹" and "ネネネネネル", are form-sounding characters, "氹" is an onomatopoeia, and "畑" and "奀" are ideograms.

In oracle bone and gold inscriptions, hieroglyphic characters make up the majority. This is because drawing things was one of the most direct ways to create characters. However, as the writing developed, more and more things had to be carefully divided up, such as "carp", "pangolin", "grass carp", "loach "It was difficult to draw out their characteristics and distinctions carefully by using the hieroglyphic method of character creation. Therefore, the morpho-sound character became the most convenient method, as long as the shape of the side "fish" can account for their class, and then use the similar pronunciation of the sound side to distinguish between these characters. By modern times, 80 percent of all Chinese characters were form-sound characters.

Zhou Li - Paul's ":" Raise the state son to the road, is teaching the six arts: one said five rituals, two said six music, three said five shooting, four said five harness, five said six books, six said nine numbers."

Another in the statement, six arts is the six scriptures, namely: "Yi", "book", "poetry", "ritual", "music", "Spring and Autumn".